Hoʻoemi nā maʻi i ka hana bee, e hoʻemi ana i kā lākou hana, a hiki i ka make nui. ʻOiai hāʻawi ʻia ka pale o ke ola o nā nalo meli i nā kauka holoholona o ka ʻāina, ʻo nā mea hoʻōla nui loa nā kahu hānai hānai ponoʻī.
Nā maʻi lele ʻole o nā pi
Nā maʻi nīnū infectious - ʻokoʻa i nā maʻi infectious i ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hōʻino a lākou i ka apiary. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia nā maʻi e nā diagnostics laboratory., aʻo ke kumu o ka hanana ka mālama pono ʻole.
Pākuʻi pollen
ʻO ka maʻi o nā nalo hānai, i kū aʻe mai ka ʻai ʻana o ka pollen me nā mea ʻona.
Nāwaliwali nā mea kolo, hāʻule i lalo o ka hive a make me nā ʻōuli convulsive... Ma muli o ka hoʻopiha ʻana i nā ʻōpū me ka pollen, hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻōpū o nā pi a me nā make make a i kaomi ʻia ʻana, ʻike ʻia kahi mea ʻeleʻele kūpilikiʻi
I mea e pale aku ai i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi a me ka make ʻana o nā mea kolo, pono e hemo i nā ʻāpā meli mai nā hives a hānai i nā pi me ka 0.4-0.6 liters o ka syrup ma ka hive no nā lā he 3-4.
No ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi pono pono e hoʻonohonoho i nā hoʻolālā me nā mea kanu meli. E ʻae kēia iā ʻoe e hoʻopihapiha i nā manawa manuahi i kekahi wahi.
Nectar koʻohune
ʻO ka maʻi non-infectious of bees, i kumu ʻia e ka pollen ʻona a hele pū ʻia me ka make ʻana o nā mea kolo. Kū ʻia ia i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka pollen mai larkspur, fighter, wolfberry, rhododendron a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. Hoʻoholo nā beekeepers i ka maʻi a me ka make ʻana o nā nalo meli i loko o ka hive wale nō. Ke maʻi ʻia, ʻike mua nā pi i ka hopohopo, a laila nāwaliwali a me ka nalo ʻana o ka hiki ke lele. Ma muli o kēia, hemo nā ʻeheu, ʻōpū, nā wāwae a me nā antennae.
No ka lapaʻau hoʻohana i nā meaʻai kōkua me ka syrup 33%. Hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā mea ʻino i hoʻopili ʻia, uhi ʻia i loko o kahi ʻāpana lahilahi i kahi hive hakahaka a waiho ʻia i kahi mehana.
No ka pale ʻanaa, me ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi kīpē, kanu ʻia ka mākeke, phacelia a me nā mea kanu meli ʻē aʻe ma ka ʻāina.
Pākuʻi make kumino
Ka ona o nā pi me nā mea ʻona, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka kaohi pest. Hōʻike kēia maʻi iā ia iho ma hope koke iho o ka pīpī ʻana i ka wahi i ka ʻāpana o ka hana a ka pi. Kokolo nā mea kolo i loko o ka apiary, i ka hives, e hāʻule ana mai nā paia a me nā waihona. Aia kekahi ʻōpū huhū, kahe mai ka waha, nele i ka meaʻai o ka ʻōpū a me ka goiter.
I nā hihia pēlā, lawe ʻia nā meli meli mai ka hive a hana ʻia i wax.... Hānai ʻia nā kolo maʻi me ka syrup no 3-4 mau lā.
No ka pale ʻana nā maʻi o nā nalo meli, i ka wā o ka hana ʻana o nā māla a me nā māla, lawe ʻia i 5 km a waiho ʻia i kahi wahi anuanu.
Altrary dystrophy a pololi paha
Nā maʻi Metabolic ma muli o ka nele o ka hānai... Pau kēia i ka make ʻana o ka pua a me nā pi. I ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana, e nānā pono kekahi i ka ulu ʻōpio o ka liʻiliʻi - ua ulu maikaʻi ʻole lākou i ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻeheu. E hoʻolei ʻia kēlā pi koke ma hope o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka pilikia, lawe iā lākou i waho o ka apiary.
Ma ka lapaʻau ʻana, hoʻolako ʻia nā mea kolo me ka meaʻai - syrup kō, ka meli a me nā mea hou aku. Pono pono e nānā i nā lula o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka hana, ke olakino o ka puʻu a me ka mālama ʻana i ka apiary holoʻokoʻa i pili iā ia.
I mea e pale ai i ka infestation, pono e waiho i nā hives ma nā wahi maloʻo, a pono e hāʻawi ʻia i nā mea kolo i ka nui e pono ai nā meaʻai kōkua kiʻekiʻe.
Nā pi piahi
ʻO ka make ʻana o nā pi pi a me ka pi no ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka mahana a me ka wai... Kū ka maʻi i ka pīhoihoi o nā mea kolo i loko o ka hive paʻa, ka ea maikaʻi ʻole a me ka paʻa i ka wā o ka halihali.
I ka lilo ʻana i maʻi, hoʻopuka nā mea kolo i kahi hum, wela loa nā paia o ka papa hive a me nā kaupaku. Ke nānā nei i kahi ʻohana, loaʻa iā lākou nā bee make a make paha a me nā meli i haehae ʻia.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka wehe koke ʻana i ka hive e ʻae i nā pi e lele i waho.... Pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka lalo o ka pahu i ka maʻi pī a me nā ʻāpana o ka meli.
No ka pale ʻana ka mahu, haʻalele nā ʻohana i ka nui i koi ʻia o ka sila, waiho i kahi ākea i loko a pale i ka lā pono.
ʻO ka wai ʻāpiki meli
Hana ʻia ka maʻi pī ma ke ʻai ʻana i ka meli meli a pau ka make ʻana o nā pepeke a me nā puaʻa.
Ke ʻike ʻia kēia maʻi ʻike ʻia nā kiko ʻeleʻele i nā combs a me nā paia o ka hive - kahi noho pi.
No ka mālama kau wela, e hoʻohana i ka syrup kō kōkoʻolua mau meaʻai 1-1.5 liters, a i ka hoʻoilo - ka meli mai nā mea kanu, a i ʻole ke kō i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, hou ʻia i loko o ka wai; hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā hives ma mua ma mua - no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā lele a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā meaʻai kiʻekiʻe no nā ʻelala.
No ka pale ʻana, i ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi kīpē, ua lūlū ʻia ka ʻāina o ka lele o nā nalo meli me nā mea kanu meli a i ʻole lawe ʻia nā hives i kahi o ka kanu nui.
Nā maʻi ʻino o nā pi a me kā lākou hōʻailona
Nā maʻi lele o nā pi - kahi papa inoa o nā maʻi, ke kumu o ia mau microbes pathogenic, nā mea hoʻomaʻi a me nā fungus o nā kumu kanu. ʻO ka hōʻailona nui o kahi maʻi lele - hoʻopili nā nalo meli maʻi i nā mea olakino.
Axospherosis
Maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e askofer fungusa, infects drone larvae a me nā nalo meli o 4-5 mau lā o ka makahiki.
Ina maʻi ʻike ʻia nā kupapaʻu mommified brood, nānā e like me nā ʻāpana o ka koʻo a i ʻole ka limu. ʻAʻole loaʻa nā maʻi kolo makua i kēia maʻi, akā he hāpai lākou.
No ka mālama ʻana, hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau, a me ka hānai ʻana me ka syrup me ka hoʻohui o 10 ml o 5% iodine i kēlā me kēia lita o ka wai.
No nā hana pale:
- mālama i ka hive ka lā;
- hemo meli i hoʻopā ʻia;
- mai hāʻawi hoʻoili ʻia ka meli;
- hoʻolilo kālā disinfection me 10% hydrogen peroxide a me ka acidic formic;
- puhi i ka waihona meli i hoʻopiha ʻia a me ka maʻi ahulau.
ʻAspirgelles
ʻO ka maʻi maʻi i nā larvae a me nā pi ʻelemakulee alakaʻi ai i ka maloʻo a me ka make. Lawe ʻia ka fungus o kēia maʻi i loko o ka hive e nā pi me ka pollen.
Ke hele a maʻi me ka maʻi, ʻūlū a paʻakikī ka puaʻa make. Pau ke kala a hoʻololi i ka melemele, lilo i uhi ʻia me ka pua keʻokeʻo. I ka mua, pīhoihoi nā mea kolo, ma hope - lilo ka ikaika, a paʻakikī ka ʻōpū.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau i ka lāʻau, hemo i nā maʻi ahulau a pau a mālama i nā hives me 10% hydrogen peroxide a me 0.5% waikawa boric. Hāʻawi ʻia nā pi i nā meaʻai kōkua.
No ka pale ʻana mālama ʻia nā mea kolo i loko o nā hives maloʻo, hāʻawi ʻia me ka meaʻai lawa. Ua ʻeli ʻia ka honua ma lalo o ka hives me ka lime, mālama ʻia me kahi hāʻina formaldehyde 4%. Lawe ʻia nā roboti āpau i ke ahiahi, i ka wā mālie.
ʻO nā maʻi a me nā parasite ma nā nalo meli e hana ʻino loa i ka apiary, a hiki ke hoʻopau loa iā ia.
Paratyphoid
Ka hoʻohaumia nui ʻana o nā kolone bee e kekahi mau bacteria. ʻO kekahi o ia alveya. Lawe ʻia ka maʻi mai nā nalo meli i nā mea olakino.
Ke hōʻino ʻia e nā microbes, ʻeha mua ka ʻōpū. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia ma ka nānā ʻana i ka excrement o nā nalo meli. Lilo lākou i fetid a me ka semi-wai.
Hānai ʻia nā nalo meli me ka meaʻai lapaʻau kūikawā... Pono kēia i kahi wai wai piha me 100 mau mano o nā biomycin a i ʻole 0.2 g o ka chloramphenicol. Pono pono e hoʻohui i ka 40-50 ml o ka hopena me kahi lita o ka syrup wela. Hāʻawi ʻia ka hānai he 3-4 mau manawa i ka lā. Ma hope o 5 mau lā, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaha.
No ka pale ʻana Mālama wau i nā hives me 10% hydrogen peroxide a me boric acid. Puhi ʻia ka maʻi ahulau a pau a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia hoʻi.
Pākuʻi Viral i ka pi
Nā maʻi pilikino e hoʻopili i ka ʻōnaehana makaʻu o nā kolo a pale i ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Lawe ʻia ka maʻi mai nā pepelu i pā ʻia i nā mea olakino. Lawe Kelemānia - kahi mite parasite e kau i ke kino o nā pi.
ʻO nā hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi ʻike ʻia 5-10 mau lā ma hope o ka maʻi. Lilo ka nalo meli i ko lākou ikaika, a hiki i ka make. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka paralysis mai 7 mau lā a i 3 mau mahina.
ʻO ka mea nui e hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻohana nāwaliwali i mea e pale ai i ka maʻi o ke koena. Lawe ʻia ka mālama ʻana penei: hoʻopau ʻia ka apiary no 1 mau makahiki, puhi ʻia ka ʻā meli a me nā meli meli.
I pale i ka maʻi, i ka hoʻomaka o ke kauwela, hānai ʻia nā pi me ka syrup kō, me ka biomycin a me ka tetracycline. I ke kakahiaka nui - hoʻopili ʻia ka endonuclease bacteria me 1 g o ka magnesium chloride. Mālama ʻia ka waihona meli me kēia hui ʻana i 4 manawa i kēlā me kēia 7 lā.
Septicmia
Ka lawe ʻana i nā maʻi infectious e hoʻopili ana i nā nalo meli oʻo. Hoʻolahalaha ka maʻi i loko o nā hola ʻelua, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka make o nā kolo.
Hoʻonāukiuki mua ʻia nā nalo meli, a laila mae, neʻe lohi, a paʻa. Ke ʻūlū ka pi, nahā.
Iapaau ana no septicemia: hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā pi e mālama pono i nā hives maloʻo, hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā mōlina me ka meli unsintable. Hoʻopili nā pahu. ʻAi ʻia nā nalo meli 1: 1 lāʻau syrup o ke kō a me ka wai.
Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kau, pono e mālama ʻia nā hives me ka acidic formic a me ka hydrogen peroxide.
Pōhaku lepo ʻEulopa
ʻO ka maʻi maʻi o ka brood open and paʻi. ʻO ke kumu o ka maʻi i loaʻa i nā pi. Ma hope o ka maʻi, hele a lūlū nā kolo, a laila make lākou.
Lapaʻau hana ʻia e ka hui ʻana me ka distillation o nā ʻohana. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Sherbet no ka hānai, i kāwili ʻia me nā antibiotic like ʻole, 2-3 manawa i ka lā.
Hoʻolei ʻia nā meli i hoʻopili ʻia, a disinfected nā hives.
Nā maʻi lele a me nā hōʻailona
Nā maʻi lele lawe ʻia i ka lawe ʻana mai nā apiaries like ʻole o nā pono hana maʻi a me nā pahua me ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mōʻī wahine maʻi.
ʻO Vroatosis
ʻO ka maʻi quarantine maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka mite Varroa-Jacobsoni.
I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomaha ʻole nā nalo melemele a makemake nui i nā meaʻai kōkua. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka pest e hoʻohana ana i ka pepa keʻokeʻo, kahi e hāʻule ai nā mea make.
Nā koho lapaʻau no varroatosis:
- kemika - ʻO kēia ka mālama ʻana i nā kolone pi me nā hoʻomākaukau kūikawā;
- ʻano hana pumehana paipai ʻia e hoʻokō i ke kau ma hope o ka puka ʻana o ka pua.
Kāohi ʻana i ka varroatosis:
- anti-varroatous na lapaau mua, ma hope o ka hōʻike o ka hives ma kahi;
- hana ahiahi ʻohana kūʻē iā varroatosis.
ʻO Braulez
He maʻi i loko Hoʻopili ʻia nā kolone pi e nā kika... ʻO ka louse kahi pest no nā pi a me nā pua. Noho ʻo ia i ko lākou kino, keu hoʻi i ke kino o ka kōpū, ʻoiai e hoʻoweliweli nui nei iā lākou.
No ka mālama ʻana, hoʻohana ʻia ka uahi paka... Pono e hoʻopau ʻia nā makika mai ke kino o ka kōpū me ke kōkua o ka uahi paka, a ua paipai ʻia hoʻi e kau i 6-10 g o naphthalene ma luna o nā papa i ka pō, a uhi i ka lalo me ka pepa keʻokeʻo. I ke kakahiaka e ʻike ʻia nā makika āpau.
No ka pale ʻana hana ʻia nā hives i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma mua o ka hōʻike.
Nosematosis o nā nalo meli
ʻO ka maʻi o nā kolone pi, i kumu ʻia e kahi pestic unicellular - nozema... ʻO ke ala o ka maʻi he alimentary. Loaʻa ka maʻi diarrhea a me ka nui o ka make i ka wā hoʻoilo.
Lapaʻau lawe ʻia me 20.0 g o fumagillin, i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i 25 mau lita o ka syrup kō wela. ʻO ka papa o ka mālama ʻana he 3 mau pule.
No ka pale ʻana i ka nosematosis wae ʻia nā ʻohana ikaika me ka nui o nā holoholona ʻōpio no ka hoʻoilo. Pāpā ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau, no ka mea ʻike maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ka hānai ʻana a lilo ka lāʻau i kāna waiwai.
ʻAiʻo amebiasis
He maʻi hōʻeha e kupu mai ana mai ka parasitism o ka amoeba Malpighamoeba mellifica. Komo nā parasites i ka meaola o ka bee me ke kōkua o ka meaʻai a wai paha.
I ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana, lilo nā pi i lethargic, loaʻa i ka maʻi pākī a hoʻonui i ka make.
Lapaʻau lawe ʻia me 20.0 g o fumagillin, i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i 25 mau lita o ka syrup kō wela. ʻO ka papa o ka mālama ʻana he 3 mau pule.
No ka pale ʻana i ka nosematosis wae ʻia nā ʻohana ikaika me ka nui o nā holoholona ʻōpio no ka hoʻoilo. Pāpā ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau, no ka mea ʻike maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ka hānai ʻana a lilo ka lāʻau i kāna waiwai.
ʻO ka pi pi Acarapidosis
ʻO ka infestation i lawe ʻia e nā kolone pi e ka Acarapis Woodi parasite.
Ua haʻi ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi hiki ke ʻike ʻia i ke kakahiaka nui i ka wā o ka puka mua ʻana o nā pi. Make nā mea kolo i lele, hāʻule i ka honua, ʻākoakoa i nā puʻu a kolo mālie paha.
Ma ka lapaʻau ʻana hoʻohana uahi paka. Hana maikaʻi ʻia ka uahi i ke kakahiaka nui, ke puka ʻole o ka pi.
No ka pale ʻana quarantined ka apiary ma loko o ka radius o 5-7 km. Hāpai ʻia ka quarantine hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻopau loa ʻana o ka maʻi.
ʻO nā maʻi o nā nalo meli e lilo i nā lilo nui i nā beekeepers, no laila koi ʻia kēlā me kēia beekeeper e ʻike i nā pathologies nui i hiki ke hōʻeha i kāna "mau papa".