He maʻalahi ka ʻenehana o ka ulu ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā hua ʻōmaka ma ka home me kou mau lima ponoʻī, ʻoiai hiki i kahi amateur ke lawelawe iā ia. Eia nō naʻe, ma mua o kou iho ʻana i lalo i ka ʻoihana a ulu i nā fungus, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā ʻoe iho me nā ʻano e kū nei a me nā koi no ke kaiapuni kahi e ulu maʻamau ai nā ʻalalā. Ma hea e hoʻomaka ai a pehea e hana ai i ke kaʻina mai kahi ʻōpala, e haʻi mākou iā ʻoe i kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu, a he mea maʻalahi no ka mea hoʻomaka e hoʻoulu a kanu i nā ʻalalā.
Nā kūlana no ka ulu ʻana o nā hua ʻōhi i ka home
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonohonoho i kahi no ka mahi ʻana i nā lau nahele i loko o nā lumi o lalo, nā hale waiho hale a i ʻole nā lumi i hoʻolālā ʻia i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i ka hale kauwela No ka mahi ʻana i nā mahi ʻai ʻōpelu, pono ʻoe e hana i nā ʻano aʻe:
- ka hiki ke hoʻonohonoho a mālama i kahi hoʻomehana wela i loko 10-20 kekelē;
- lako pono i ka lumi ʻōnaehana ea no ka lawe 'ana i ke kalapona a me nā kukui me nā kukui uila;
- hoʻonoho i ke ʻano hoʻanoho 70-90%.
Ma muli o kā lākou waiwai, nā omo e komo i nā mea o ke kaiapuni, me nā toxins. No laila, he mea nui e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana āpau i ka hale haʻahaʻa. manuahi mai nā ʻōuli o ka punahelu a me nā pest... Pono e mālama i ka maʻemaʻe a hiki i ka hopena o ka hōʻiliʻili.
ʻO ke ka mahana wela kahi e ulu pono ai ka ʻulu oys i kaupalena ʻia i nā māka mai 20 a 28 kekelē.
Pehea e ulu ai i nā lau i ka home
Nui a hewahewa nā ala e hoʻoulu ai i nā hua ʻōhiʻa ma ka home. Loaʻa nā maikaʻi a me nā maikaʻi ʻole o kēlā me kēia hana, no laila ua ʻōlelo ʻia e heluhelu me nā intricacies āpau o ka ʻenehanae koho i kahi i kūpono iā ʻoe.
Pehea e hoʻonā ai i nā ʻeke me kou mau lima iho
Hiki ke kūʻai aku i ka substrate mākaukau a hoʻomākaukau ʻia me kou mau lima iho. ʻO nā mea maka maka momona maikaʻi loa nā barley a mauʻu palaoa paha... A kūpono hoʻi:
- nā ʻāumi o nā lāʻau ʻoʻoleʻa;
- husk buckwheat;
- husflower husk;
- mauʻu kulina a me nā ʻūlū.
Pono nā ʻāpana i hoʻohana ʻia wili i 5-10 cm.
ʻO ka poʻe e hoʻomaka wale nei e haku i ka ʻenehana o ka ulu ʻana i nā fungus ma ka home ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hōʻole i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wahī. Kūpilikiʻi kēia hana a loaʻa nā koi kūikawā.
Ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka substrate, pono ʻoe disinfection mea. No kēia, pili ia i ka mālama ʻana i ka wela.
Nā kaʻina hana i kēlā me kēia lā no ka disinfecting i ka substrate:
- ninini ʻia ka mea i wāwahi ʻia i loko o ka pahu hao a i ʻole ka ipu ākea;
- hoʻopiha i ka ipu me ka wai (nā helu 1: 2);
- lawe i nā mea o ka ipu i kahi baila a kuke no kahi mau hola 2-2.5.
ʻO ke kahua i paʻa pulu a palupalu hoʻi, akā ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻonui me ka wai. Hoʻokuʻu ka haku mele pololei i ka palena iki o ka wai i ka wili.
Ma ka hoʻohui i ka substrate, kau ʻia ka hua (mycelium) i loko o ka ʻeke. ʻAʻole kūpono ia e kūʻai nui i ka manawa hoʻokahi, wikiwiki koke ia. Me ka mālama kūpono, mai ka 1 kg o nā mea maka hiki ke kiʻi iā ʻoe i 3 kg o nā hāhi oyster.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumu i loko o nā ʻeke i nā papa, e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka kinipōpō o ka mea substrate me ka hua. Hoʻopiha paʻa ʻia nā ʻeke me ka tamping ʻole. Ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻana i nā kihi o ka ipu, ʻokiʻoki ʻia nā puka keʻa me ka pahi ma luna o ka polyethylene. Pono lākou e kau i nā manawa o 10 cm i kahi papa checkerboard.
No 2 mau pule, hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ka ʻeke i ka lumi i lalo no kahi manawa incubation i kahi mahana 19-23 kekelē... ʻAʻole pono ke kukui i kēia manawa.
ʻO ka maikaʻi nui o ke ʻano ka maʻalahi o ka ʻenehana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻilihuna pinepine a ʻaʻohe hua. I nā hihia pēlā, pono ʻoe e hoʻokaʻawale i ka substrate a nānā i ke alo o ka punahelu.
Hoʻomaka ka ʻohi Mushroom i 1.5 mau mahina ma hope o ke kanu ʻana. Lawe ʻia nā mea kanu ʻelua mai hoʻokahi ʻeke.
ʻO kaʻenehana ʻanuʻu no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā ʻōiwi
ʻElua ala nui o ka ulu ʻana i nā mushroom oyster: ikaika a ākea. I ka hihia mua, kūikawā kahua me nā kūlana maikaʻi. Hoʻohālikelike ka lua o ka hana i ka ʻenehana o ka mahi ʻana i ka mushroom i ka lewa ākea... Aia ka manawa o ka ʻohi ʻana i nā kūlana kau.
Inā ʻaʻole kahi e hina ana a me kahi keʻena i loko o ka ʻāina, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e huhū. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoulu pololei i nā hua ʻōhi ʻōpelu ma luna o nā ʻōpala a i ʻole nā ʻōpala o ka lāʻau paʻakikī (chestnut, lehu, poplar, beech, a pēlā aku.).
Hoʻomaka nā lā lūlū i ka puna ke hoʻokumu ʻana maikaʻi nā mahana. Hoʻopulu ʻia nā ʻoki no 1-2 mau lā ma mua o ka hoʻohana. ʻAʻole hoʻokō ʻia kēia hana me ka lāʻau hou.
Hana mua ʻia nā lua i nā ʻōpapa me ke anawaena 10 mm o me ka hohonu ʻana i 5-6 knm... Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻanoʻano i loko o nā lua a uhi ʻia me ka limu a i ʻole ka lipine hoʻopili. ʻO kahi mycelium me he lāʻau lā e lawa ai e hoʻokomo i loko o ka lua a hoʻopau iā ia me ka plasticine.
Koho ʻia ka wahi no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā lau i ke aka ma lalo o nā kalaunu o nā kumu lāʻau. Pono kēia e pale aku i nā malū ʻōpelu mai ka maloʻo ʻana i ke kau mahana.
Ke hoʻohana nei i nā lāʻau, hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻeli ʻana a me ka waiho ʻana i ka wahī i lalo i lalo. Eia hou, hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻōpala wahie i pulu ʻia i loko o nā hale hoʻomaha i hoʻomākaukau ʻia a kanu ʻia me ka lepo no ka hapakolu o ka lōʻihi (ma ka liʻiliʻi he 15 cm). ʻO ka spacing ma waena o nā ʻōpala e 35-50 cm.
ʻO ka mālama hou ʻana i nā moena mushroom ka hoʻohāinu ʻana i ka lepo a puni nā hakahaka. Hāʻule pinepine ka manawa o ka ʻohiʻohi ʻana i nā hua ʻōhi ʻAukake Sept.... ʻO ia mea kanu e lawe mai i ka ulu maikaʻi a i 5 mau makahiki me ka hua hua nui ʻana 2-3 mau makahiki ma hope o ke kanu ʻana.
Ma nā briquette substrate
Nā briquette substrate lima polipiha paʻa me ka mea hoʻopihapiha. Hoʻopili mua ʻia ma ka ʻili o ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni perforation poepoe a ʻano like ʻole. Hiki ke kaulike i nā puka ma loko o ka palaka a ʻelua wale nō ʻaoʻao paha.
I ka hihia mua, i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā briquette, ʻaʻole pono e ʻae ʻia kā lākou hoʻopili ʻana, ʻokoʻa i ka perforation pālua, kahi ʻaʻohe puka o ka huina.
ʻO ka mea makemake nui ʻia nā mana o nā palena aʻe:
- ke kaupaona - 15 kg;
- lōʻihi - 70 cm;
- anawaena - 25 knm.
ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka substrate i ka lima, ka pae o ka ʻūlū a me ke kaiapuni e pili i nā mea maka i hoʻohana ʻia a me ke ʻano o kona mālama ʻana i ka wela.
Nui a hewahewa nā koho no ke kau ʻana i nā briquette substrate. Hiki ke kāpae ʻia lākou 2-3 mau ʻāpana no kēlā me kēia kaula aiʻole e kau pākahi i nā pono. ʻO ke kaumaha o nā ʻeke he kaumaha nui ia, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ke kūpaʻa ke kūpaʻa i nā palaka Kekahi i kekahi... ʻO ka hopena he pā paʻa.
ʻAe ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā briquette ma nā papa. i ke kaulike a i ʻole ke kaulike kulana. ʻO kahi kaula i hohola ʻia mai ka hope o nā papa hana ma ke ʻano he ʻupena palekana e kūʻē i ka hāʻule ʻana a i ʻole ke hāʻule ʻana o ka mea i lalo. Ke hoʻoulu ʻana i nā momoma ma ka home, hoʻoholo ʻia ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kau ʻana o nā ʻeke ma muli o nā ʻano o ka lumi.
Nā pono hana:
- noi pono;
- mālama maʻalahi;
- ke kiʻi wikiwiki ʻana (ma hope o 1.5-2 mau mahina).
ʻO ka hemahema nā kumukūʻai hou aʻe no ke kūʻai ʻana i nā briquette substrate.
Ma nā haka
Hiki ke kau ʻia nā briquette a i ʻole mau ʻeke me ka substrate a me ka hua ma ka hale lalo a i ke keʻena i nā papa inā ʻae ʻia kahi. Pono e hana i nā papa iā lākou iho i ka lāʻau a i ʻole nā kila i ʻoka ʻia. Kau ʻia nā palaka 'ākau a papakū paha.
Hana ʻia nā pale i nā hoʻolālā like ʻole. Hoʻokumu kūʻokoʻa nā mea hana lima i nā kiʻi, hāʻawi i nā ʻaoʻao palekana e pale i ka hāʻule ʻana o nā ʻeke. Hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi o nā koho me nā mākia kūikawā ma nā papa, ma luna o nā poloka e kau ai. Ma muli o kēia, ua hoʻonui ʻia ko lākou kūpaʻa.
ʻAe ʻia e hoʻouka i nā pūlima mushroom i kekahi mau papa, akā ʻaʻoleʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu... I kēia hihia, ʻo ka mamao ma waena o nā waihona 70 knm, a ma waena o nā ʻeke mushroom - 15-40 knm.
Ke hoʻouka nei i nā pahu mushroom i 2 a i ʻole 3 tiers, e waiho i kahi wahi manuahi ma lalo o nā poloka o lalo o 30cm e hōʻoia i ka holo maʻamau o ka ea.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia ʻano hana o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā mushroom oyster e ka mālama kūpono a me ka ʻohi ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole lawa nā wahi kauwela a me nā hale waiho waiwaʻi i ka nui o ka manawa no ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka pale.
Pehea e hana ai i ka mycelium no nā hua hau ʻōhi
ʻAʻole paʻakikī e kūʻai i ka mycelium mākaukau, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke loiloi i ke ʻano o kāu kūʻai ma hope o kekahi mau pule. Inā ʻike ʻia kahi huahana hoʻohaʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole hiki ke uku hou ʻia no nā kumukūʻai o nā mea maka a me nā kumuwaiwai ikehu, no laila he nui nā mea ulu mushroom e hoʻokele i ka ʻenehana o ka hana mycelium ma kā lākou iho.
ʻO ka mycelium mea kanu kanu, i hoʻolauna ʻia i loko o ka substrate e loaʻa ai kahi ʻohi o nā fungus.
Ma ka home, ulu nui ka mycelium ma ka wahie a palaoa paha... Kūpono ke ala me ka wahie no ke kanu hou ʻana o mycelium ma ka hemp. He lōʻihi lōʻihi ko kēia ʻano hua a me ke kūpaʻa maʻi. Loaʻa ka hiʻohiʻona cereal ma ke noi ʻana i ka moʻomeheu makuahine i kahi substrate o nā hua cereal.
Loaʻa kahi mushroom kiʻekiʻe loa i nā kūlana o ka hale hana... Ma ka home, hiki ke hana hou i kēia kaʻina hana me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā pono hana kūikawā ma mua:
- agar;
- thermometer;
- ʻupeke;
- paipu hoʻāʻo;
- pipeta.
Eia kekahi, koi ka hana i ka wai, ka uila, ka ʻaila.
Pono e mālama mua ʻia nā hāmeʻa a me ka ʻili kahi e hoʻolālā ʻia ai e hana me kahi wai ʻona no ka disinfection.
Nā pae o ka ulu ʻana o ka mycelium
- E kiʻi i ka mycelium uterine, pono ʻoe pinch off mushroom oyster (mai kahi kokoke i ka pāpale) nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā ʻāpana i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā bacteria a me nā parasites, koi ʻia e hoʻowai iā lākou i loko o ka hydrogen peroxide a hoʻū i nā ʻāpana i hana ʻia i loko o nā paipu me nā hua palaoa. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ke kāloti, ka oatmeal, a i ʻole ka ʻaleka potato ma kahi o ka medium medium.
Hoʻopili paʻa ʻia nā paipu a mālama ʻia i loko o kahi lumi me kahi pae haʻahaʻa o ka mahana a me kahi mahana o 20 kekelē... Ma hope o 2 mau pule, e hōʻike ʻia kahi lihi keʻokeʻo i nā paipu i hoʻomākaukau pono ʻia. ʻO kēia ka mycelium uterine.
- E kiʻi i kahi mycelium waena, pono ʻoe paila nā hua palaoa no 15 mau minuke. Ma hope o ke anuanu a me ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana, hui pū ʻia lākou me ka chalk a me ka gypsum (30 gram o gypsum a me 10 gram o ka chalk i lawe ʻia no 1-1.5 kg o nā hua). Ninini ʻia ka hopena i loko o nā hue, e hoʻopiha ana iā 2 / 3. A laila, kanu ʻia ka mycelium uterine mai kahi pahu hoʻāʻo i loko o ka ipu. Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻāʻī o ka hue me ka foil, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka lipine. Mālama ʻia ka mea hana i nā ʻano like me nā paipu hoʻāʻo no 2-3 mau pule... ʻO ka hopena he hue i hoʻopiha ʻia me nā hua a me kahi palapū - mycelium waena.
- Loaʻa ka inoculum i ke ala like, ma ke kanu ʻana i ka mycelium waena i nā ipu maʻemaʻe me kahi substrate. Ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o ka mycelium, hoʻoili ʻia i loko o nā ʻeke a i ʻole briquettes me kahi substrate kahi e ulu ai nā ʻalalā.
Mālama i nā ʻulā i ka wā e ulu ana
Ma hope o ke kanu hou ʻana i ka mycelium i loko o nā lua o ka polyethylene, hoʻouna ʻia nā ʻeke i hoʻouluulua hala he 3 mau pule. ʻAʻole hiki i ke aupuni wela ke hōʻea i nā kekelē 30, a i ʻole ia e hoʻokūʻiwa i nā mea kanu.
Ma kēia kahua ʻaʻohe ea... ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o carbon dioxide e hana i nā kūlana maikaʻi no ka ulu ʻana o ka mycelium. ʻO nā mea e koi ʻia ai ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe o nā ʻāpana i kēlā me kēia lā me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana chlorine-i loko. E kōkua kēia i ka pale ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ka pala.
ʻO ka mea aʻe, waiho ʻia nā ʻeke i loko o kahi lumi i lako pono ʻia me kahi mahana 10-20 kekelē... ʻO ke anuanu o ka ea, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi o ka ikaika o ke kala. Pono ke kukui Hora 12 me ka ikaika o 5 kW no 1 m2. I kēlā me kēia lā i 1-2 mau manawa, hoʻoinu ʻia nā ʻalalā me kahi mea pīpī kūikawā.
I loko o ka lumi kahi e mahi ʻia ai nā ʻalalā, aia kahi pae kiʻekiʻe o nā spores i ka lewa, no laila pono e hana ʻia ka hana me ka pale maka a me nā aniani. E kōkua kēia i ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻouka kaua āpau.
ʻO ka loaʻa pono o ka ulu ʻana ma ka home
Hiki iā ʻoe ke ulu i nā lau i nā briquette he nui, e māʻona ana i nā pono o kou ʻohana. Akā ʻo kēia ʻano hana, me ke ala kūpono, i kekahi manawa lilo i kumu no ka loaʻa kālā hou aʻe. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i nā moena mushroom ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia he paʻakikī.
Inā ʻoe e hana i nā kūlana maikaʻi loa no ka mālama ʻana i nā briquette mushroom (ʻeke) a pili i ke aupuni mahana i hoʻokumu ʻia, a laila hiki ke hemo ʻia ʻo 3-3.5 kg o nā ʻalalā mai hoʻokahi palaka. Kūpono ʻia mai nā ʻeke 100 e loaʻa iā 350 kg o nā hua ʻōhi ʻōhiʻa.
Ke lawe nei i ka helu o ka mākeke (ma kahi o 130 rubles i kēlā me kēia kg), 45,500 rubles ka loaʻa kālā. Ma kahi o ka hapalua o ke kālā e lilo i nā kumukūʻai pili e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i nā kūlana no ka mahi ʻana i ka mushroom. ʻO ka loaʻa kālā i 20,485 rubles. ʻO ka loaʻa kālā i kēia hihia 75%, uku hoʻihoʻi - 5.2 pōʻaiapuni, i unuhi ʻia i mau mahina ke ʻano 13-15 mau mahina.
Inā ʻae ka nui o nā wahi iā ʻoe e waiho i 200 mau ʻeke, a laila hoʻonui ʻia ka loaʻa kālā i 82%, a ʻo ka loaʻa kālā ma kahi o 40,000-41,000 rubles. E uku ka hoʻopukapuka i nā 3.4 pōʻaiapuni a i ʻole 9 mau mahina.
ʻO ke kaʻina o ka ulu ʻana i nā hua ʻōlio ma ka home he mea hoihoi a me ka ʻike. Ma ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka ʻike, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonui haʻahaʻa i ka leo, e ʻae ai iā ʻoe e hoʻolilo i kāu leʻaleʻa i kahi ʻoihana liʻiliʻi.