Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o nā kumulāʻau ʻāpana ma kahi o nā māla. I nā ʻāina CIS, he mea maʻamau ka mahi ʻana o kēia mau lāʻau.
Mālama maikaʻi a me nā ʻano maikaʻi, i kēlā me kēia makahiki lawe lākou i kahi ʻohi maikaʻi loa o kēia mau huaʻai nani.
I kēia ʻatikala, mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka ʻano Bogatyr, e noʻonoʻo mākou i ka mōʻaukala o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, nā lula o ke kanu ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i kahi lāʻau, a e kamaʻilio pū hoʻi e pili ana i nā maʻi lāʻau.
Hōʻike o ka ʻano ʻo Bogatyr
ʻO ka mōʻaukala ulu lāʻau Apple
Ua loaʻa kēia ʻano ʻē e kekahi o nā ʻepekema Soviet ʻo Semyon Fedorovich Chernenko, he mea hānai a mea kanu hua. Ua ʻae ʻae ʻia kēia ʻano e V.M. ʻO Mikurin.
I kēia manawa, ke ulu nei ʻo Bogatyr a ulu i nā ʻaneʻane o kēlā me kēia kihi o Rūsia, ʻo ka poʻe i kanu i kēia kumulāʻau i hoʻokahi manawa e aloha pū me ia no ka manawa pau ʻole
Ua hana ʻia ma ke ʻano o ke ʻano hoʻoilo, no laila oʻo nā ʻōpala, loaʻa ka ʻala kokoke a hiki i ka hopena o ka puna. ʻO Bogatyr ka mea hua nui o nā ʻano hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo.
Ua hānai ʻia nā ʻano like e ke keʻa ʻana iā Antonovka lāua ʻo Renet Landsberg, ʻo ia ka mea hope i hāʻawi i nā ʻōpela i nā nui a me ka ʻono kupaianaha.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka lāʻau a me nā hua
Ulu lōʻihi kēia ʻano, a i 5 mau mika, ʻoi aku a ʻoi iki paha nā lālā mānoanoa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka kumu, he ʻoliva ke kala o ka ʻili. ʻAʻohe o ka ulu ʻana o nā lālā i loko o ka lei aliʻi; he ʻōlohelohe ia.
ʻOval ke ʻano o nā lau, serrated ma nā kihi, hui ʻia ma lalo. Hoʻopili ʻia i nā lālā me nā petioles ʻulaʻula.
ʻO nā pua ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo, iki liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā pua maʻamau. ʻO nā anera ma kahi o 2 cm ma lalo o nā stigmas.
Kū pinepine ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā hua ma nā ringlets ma mua o nā lālā kalaunu. Hiki ke hana ʻia i kekahi mau ʻōmela ma ia mau pods, akā ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 3.
He ʻano poepoe ko lākou, i ka calyx lilo lākou i mea ākea i kahi cone. ʻO nāʻomela laumā maikaʻi, ʻōmaʻomaʻo māmā ke lawe ʻia, akā i ka wā e mālama ai, hoʻololi ke kala i ka melemele.
Mai ka ʻaoʻao hema a hiki iā lākou i ka manawa lā, ʻike ʻia kahi ʻulaʻula... ʻAno a ʻono hoʻi nā ʻoma āpau i ka ʻono, me kahi ʻala nani, ʻokoʻa ka ʻano Antonovka, ʻoi aku ka momona.
Nā mea maikaʻi:
- e hoʻohua i ka hua i kakahiaka;
- paa paa ka ohi;
- ʻae maikaʻi i ka lawe ʻana;
- mākeke maikaʻi;
- ʻono maikaʻi loa;
- ke kūpale kūpale maikaʻi;
- paʻa hoʻoilo.
nā mea maikaʻi ʻole: Ke ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke kala i ke ʻohi ʻana i nā ʻoma pala.
ʻO ka wā oʻo Apple, ke koho, mālama
Kau pinepine nā ʻōpala i nā pad a ʻohi ʻia lākou. ʻO ke oʻo ʻana no ka ʻohiʻohi ʻana ma kahi o ka hoʻomaka o ʻOkakopa, akā ʻōlelo ʻia ʻaʻole e hōʻiliʻili iā lākou i ka wanaʻao, no ka mea, e emi lākou me kahi waiho lōʻihi.
ʻO nā ʻōpala pala no ka mea kūʻai aku ma kahi o ka hopena o Kekemapa, ʻoiai ʻo Antonovka ʻaʻohe ona ʻano, hoʻokuʻu a pouli.
Inā hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā Heroes i ka manawa kūpono, hiki iā lākou ke mālama ma loko o ka puna, a ʻoi aku, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou e nalo i ko lākou ʻala a i ʻole crunch.
ʻO ka mākeke o nā ʻāpala ke ohi ʻia ua koho ʻia ma kahi o 90%, a ʻo 60% o kēia ka papa kiʻekiʻe. Ma ke kaupaona, ʻāpala awelika 160 g, maximum 390 g.
Hoʻomaka ka ʻano e hua i ka hua ma hope o ka hua ʻana no 7 mau makahiki, ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i nā māla no 4 mau makahiki. E maikaʻi loa ka ʻohi ʻana ma kahi o 9 mau makahiki o ka lāʻau., i kaʻiʻo a hiki i 50 kg, a mai nā kumulāʻau 15 mau makahiki i hiki iā ʻoe ke piʻi i 80 kg.
Hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka hua i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻokoʻa ka ʻano Antonovka, ʻoiai e emi ana paha kona kaumaha.
Nā lula kanu kanu lāʻau
Hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i kahi kumulāʻau ʻelua i ka hāʻule a me ka puna., ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana i kēia ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole paʻakikī ke kanu ʻana i kahi kumulāʻau, akā no ke kanu pono ʻana, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia kekahi mau ʻaoʻao.
No ka ulu pono ʻana o ka lūlū, i ʻole mea nāna e hoʻopilikia iā ia. pono i kahi ma kahi puʻu... Inā loaʻa kahi wai lepo ma kahi kokoke a ua hoʻopiha ʻia paha ka pūnaewele, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻaʻole e kanu i nā kumulāʻau.
No kahi seedling, pono ʻoe e ʻeli i kahi lua nui. ʻO kona hohonu ma kahi o 80 cm, ʻo ka laulā o ka lua he 1 m. Mai poina he kiʻekiʻe loa ka laulā a pālahalaha, pono e kanu i nā lāʻau i kahi mamao kūpono mai kēlā me kēia.
Ke ulu nei nā mea kanu, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka mamao ma waena o lākou no kekahi kumu. ʻO kahi laʻana, e hoʻoulu i nā mea kanu, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i nā sunflower a i ʻole ke kulina, no ka mea e komo lākou i nā meaola āpau.
I nā hihia kahi maikaʻi ʻole ka lepo i ka oxygen, paipai ʻia e hoʻohui i ka peat, humus a me ke one iā ia... ʻO ia mea hoʻomomona e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka oxygen permeability, e hanu maikaʻi nā aʻa, a ʻaʻohe hoʻi e stagnation o ka pulu.
I ka puna, i ka manawa a ka lāʻau i hoʻopau ai i kāna lau, pono ʻoe e kāpī iā ia mai nā mea ʻino me kahi insecticidei kūpono i nā lāʻau ʻōpala. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e ʻeli i kahi lua no kahi seedling ma mua a hoʻopiha iā ia me ka compost, humus a me ke one.
Nā hiʻohiʻona mālama
Mālama ʻia ka mālama kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe no nā ʻano ʻo Bogatyr i nā pae. Pono kēlā me kēia o lākou i kahi ala kūikawā a me nā kaʻina hana kūikawā.
I ka makahiki o ke kanu ʻana, pono ʻoe e ʻūlū ma kahi o 80% o nā pua... Kōkua kēia i ka lāʻau e noho maikaʻi i lalo. Ma hope, pono e ʻokiʻoki i ka hapalua o ka hua i ka manawa i hoʻomaka ai nā hua e oʻo a i ka 2 centimetre i ke anawaena.
Kapa ʻia ia ʻano hana he rationing.... I kēia manawa, ke hana ʻana i kahi mea kanu, e ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka ʻono o kāu mau hua, a ʻoi aku o kēia, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka lāʻau e hoʻomākaukau no ka hoʻoilo.
Pono ʻoe e hoʻoinu i ka lāʻau i 4 mau manawa i ka mahina, e like me ke ʻano: hoʻokahi bākeke i kēlā me kēia lāʻau i ʻelua mau manawa i ka lā. He mea nui ka hoʻoinu wai i ka hopena o ke kauwela ke hoʻohua nei ka lāʻau, a ke kanu nei i kahi kokoke i kahi e ʻohi aʻe ai.
Pono e kāohi i ke aupuni hoʻoulu, e nānā ana i nā ʻano anilā. Paipai mākou e hoʻopau i ka hoʻoinu ʻana i ʻAukake.a i ʻole e ulu nui aʻe nā pua a e ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka lāʻau i ke ola i ka hoʻoilo.
Ae nō hoʻi ʻO ka moʻomeheu apple-tree ke kūpaʻa hau, akā e kōkua i ka lāʻau e hoʻomanawanui i ka hoʻoilo, hiki iā ʻoe ke mulch i ka pōʻai kumu me ka humus lio.
Pehea e ʻoki ai i nā lāʻau ʻōhi? Hoʻoponopono ke ʻoki kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i ka hua, ka nui o ka hua, a kōkua pū kekahi e kāpae i ka lāʻau i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole:
- Inā ʻoe e kanu nei i kahi lālā o kahi lūlū ʻōpio, pono ʻoe e ʻokiʻoki i kahi ʻekolu. E wikiwiki kēia i ke kau ʻana o ka lei aliʻi.
- Pono ʻoe e ʻokiʻoki i nā kumulāʻau i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka mua o ka puna ma mua o ka pua ʻana o nā ʻōpuʻu.
- Inā ʻoki loa ʻoe i kahi lālā, pono ʻoe e hana ia ma ke kumu i ʻole e koe kekahi hemp.
- Pono pono e hemo i nā lālā me nā hua i hiki i ka honua a moe i luna.
- I mea e hoʻonui ai i ka hua, pono ʻoe e lahilahi i nā lāʻau ʻōpela i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
- ʻO nā wana hou, ʻo ka pololei a me ka ikaika wale nō e waiho ʻia, ʻoiai e ʻokiʻoki i nā mea nāwaliwali. Akā mai hoʻohoka i kahi pana ikaika me ka wili luna.
- Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻoki aʻe ma mua o 4 o nā wana mai ka nui o ka nui.
Nā maʻi a me nā mea hōʻino
Maʻi scab hōʻino i nā hua a me nā lau o ka lāʻau. Hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i nā hōʻailona mua loa o ka maʻi i ka mua o ka puna.
E ʻike ʻia nā kiko ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma nā lau o ka lāʻau ʻāpala a hāʻule nā lau. E hana ʻia nā kiko ʻāpana brown liʻiliʻi i ka hua.
Kūpono ke ʻano ʻōpala ʻo Bogatyr i ka scab, akā ʻeha ʻo ia i ka pauka pauda. Ua like ia me nā hua palaoa, me nā spores keʻokeʻo.
Me kēia maʻi, pili nā pua, nā ovaries a me nā lau, hāʻule wale lākou. Kū kekahi ka wili o nā kumu lāʻau.
Pehea e hana ai i kēia maʻi:
- pono e hoʻokomo a hana ʻia paha nā lau i hāʻule;
- pono keʻoki a puhi ʻia i nā ʻōpala i loaʻa i ka maʻi.
- koi ʻia e kāpī i ka lāʻau me ka hopena manganese - 7%;
- hana hou ma hope o hoʻokahi pule - me 5% hopena;
- ʻehu hou ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana.
Pā pala - hana ʻia nā kiko ʻeleʻele i nā hua, ke ulu mau nei kā lākou helu. Ma hope o kēlā, ʻike ʻia nā spore mushroom keʻokeʻo ma luna o lākou. ʻO ka hopena, hāʻule paha nā hua, a i ʻole e ʻike ʻia nā mea maloʻo ma luna o ka lāʻau.
Nā hana kāohi: pono e hemo i nā hua āpau i hāʻule a maʻi ʻia mai ka māla, mālama ʻia me ka wai 1% Bordeaux. Ma hope o kaʻohi ʻana, koi ʻia e kāpī i nā kumulāʻau me kahi hopena o ka sulfate keleawe.
Pests nui:
- pulelehua;
- aphid;
- hawthorn.
Pono pono e hana i nā ana manawa e luku ai iā lākou, a make ʻole ka lāʻau.
ʻAi ʻo Aphids i nā puʻupaʻa mai loko, hānai i ka wai mai nā lau a me nā pua, ʻoiai e hoʻonui wikiwiki ana.
Nā hana kāohi:
- hoʻopau i nā wahi i hōʻino ʻia o ka lāʻau;
- mālama i nā ʻāpana i hōʻino ʻia me kahi hopena: 40 g kopa me ka wai kālani a i ʻole yarrow;
- ka hana ʻana me nā kumu kūikawā.
Hawthorn - ʻenuhe hina hina a me nā kaha ʻeleʻele. Hoʻouka ia i nā kumulāʻau i ka hoʻomaka mua o ka puna, ʻai i nā lau a me nā ʻōpuʻu.
Ke ala e hakakā ai:
- ʻumeʻume manu e hānai iā lākou;
- ʻehu me nā kumu kūikawā: ka wai wormwood, ʻōmato, a me ka yarrow.
Peduncle ʻai pū i ka lau a ʻaneʻane, a ma muli o ia, hana ʻia nā ilo i nā hua.
Ke ʻano o ka paio:
- puhi i nā ʻāpana poino o ka lāʻau, e ʻeli pū i ka lepo ma hope o ka lāʻau;
- kau i ka naphthalene a i ʻole wormwood ma nā lālā, e makaʻu aku ko lākou pilau i nā mea ʻino;
- hana me nā huahana meaola.
ʻO ka ʻano ʻāpala ʻo Bogatyr ka hanohano o kēlā me kēia māla... ʻAʻole waiho ka maikaʻi o nā hua i kekahi mea maka ʻole.