Makemake nā kānaka āpau i nā ʻōmato, like nā hua i ka koi ma nā wahi hema a ma nā ʻākau. He mea maʻamau ka ulu ʻana iā lākou i nā wahi me ke aniau māmā. Akā hiki i kekahi ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa me kēia, aia kekahi mau ʻano i kūpaʻa i nā ʻano o ke anilā, e hoʻomanawanui mau nei i ke anuanu e like me ko lākou ʻano. ʻO kēia mau ʻano ʻē aʻe kahi o ke kōmato Nikola, i paipai ʻia no ka mahi ʻana a ma ke komohana o Siberian Komohana, e hāʻawi mākou iā ia i kahi wehewehe i loko o ka ʻatikala.
Ka wehewehe a me nā ʻano o ka Nikola ʻano
Ua hānai ʻo Agronomists o ka Altai agrofirm SeDek i kahi manawa kōwa waena o Nikola a hoʻopaʻa inoa iā ia i ka makahiki 1993. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui o nā ʻano:
- ulu ka nahele i ka ulu, i ka honua ākea hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 70 cm;
- he lālā maikaʻi ka mea kanu a he nui nā lau ma luna o lākou;
- ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā lau, loaʻa i ke kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo momona;
- pala nā hua no nā lā 94-115 ma hope o ka puka ʻana;
- ke oʻo, ʻulaʻula ke kōmato a me ke ʻano o kahi kinipōpō maʻamau;
- pili ka ʻano hoʻohua kiʻekiʻe ʻana, ka inflorescence mua o kahi mea kanu ma luna o 8-9 mau lau, ʻo nā mea āpau ma hope o ka lau;
- he nui ka hua o kēlā me kēia hua 80-200 g;
- he ʻano laulā, hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka ʻai hou, a no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole.
Hiki i kēlā me kēia mea kanu ke hāʻawi i 4.5 kg me ka mālama pono.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka ʻano Nikola i ka mahi ʻana i nā ʻoihana no nā wahi waena o Volga a me West Siberian.
Nā mea maikaʻi a me nā mea maikaʻi ʻole
Maʻalahi loa ʻo Tomato Nikola e ulu, ʻoiai hiki i kahi keiki ke haku iā ia. Manaʻo nā māla i nā keu kūlana kiʻekiʻe aʻe:
- hua kiʻekiʻe;
- ʻano pōkole o ke oʻo ʻana o ka hua;
- pale anuanu;
- nā hōʻailona ʻono maikaʻi loa;
- hiki ke halihali maikaʻi;
- kumu holoʻokoʻa o nā huaʻai.
Eia kekahi, hiki ke pili i kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka laʻalāʻau ʻaʻohe pono e kinona a ʻuwī.
Aia kekahi mea maikaʻi ʻole:
- ka maʻamau i ka maʻi;
- hua hua maha-maha.
Akā ʻaʻole lākou ka makaʻu. Inā ʻoe e mālama pono iā ia a hoʻokō i ka prophylaxis i ka manawa kūpono, a laila hiki ke pale ʻia ka hapa nui o nā maʻi, a ʻo ka ʻōnaehana multi-lumi ma hope e kōkua i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā hua no nā mea kanu e hiki mai ana.
Nā koi lepo
Ma ke kumu o nā ʻano precocious Siberian, hānai ʻia ke ʻano Nikola o nā ʻōmato, kahi i lawe nui ʻia mai kona makua, i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole iki ka mea kanu e pili ana i ka lepo.
Hiki ke ulu maoli ke koʻokoʻo ma nā wahi āpau, akā e hoʻopili ka maikaʻi o ka lepo i ka maikaʻi a me ka nui o ka hua.
Ke lūlū ʻana
ʻO ke ʻano Tomato ʻo Nikola no ka ulu ʻana e pono e hele i nā kaʻina maʻamau. Mālama ʻia lākou i kēia kauoha:
- ʻO ka ʻanuʻu mua ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o nā ipu... I mea e ulu ai i nā mea kanu, pono ʻoe i mau ipu kahi e waiho ai nā ʻanoʻano. No kēia, kūpono nā ipu ea i kūʻai ʻia i nā hale kūʻai loea a i ʻole nā pahu lāʻau. Ka mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana iā ʻoe iho.
- Hiki ke hoʻomākaukau ka lepo ma mua mai ka hāʻule, he mau lā ʻelua ma mua o ka lūlū ʻana e lawe wale ʻia i loko o ka hale a hoʻomehana ʻia. Kūpono pū kekahi substrate ākea ākea i loaʻa, a pono hoʻi e wela.
- ʻO ka papa aʻe o ka hana hoʻomākaukau koho a me ka pulu ʻana i nā ʻanoʻano... No kēia, holoi koke ʻia nā ʻanoʻano a waiho ʻia i ka wai no 15-20 mau minuke. E lana nā ʻanoʻano maikaʻi ʻole, e poholo nā maikaʻi i lalo. Ma hope o kēlā, pono e hoʻomohu i nā ʻanoʻano i kahi hopena o ka potassium permanganate a i ʻole kekahi fungicide. E hoʻonui iki kēia i ka pale o nā mea kanu e hiki mai ana. Hiki ke hala i ka pulu mai 12 mau hola a i 5 mau lā.
- Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o kēia mau pae, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana pololei hua kanu... No kēia, ninini ʻia ka lepo i loko o kahi ipu a lūlū ʻia nā ʻanoʻano i pulu ʻia. ʻO ka mamao ma waena o lākou ma kahi o 1 cm. Ma hope o kēlā, uhi ʻia nā kīʻaha me kahi papa lahilahi o ka hoʻohui lepo, ma kahi o 1-1.5 cm, hoʻokahe nui ʻia i ka wai a waiho ʻia i kahi mehana, mālamalama maikaʻi.
Me ke kaʻina kūpono, e ʻike ʻia nā mea kanu 7-10 mau lā ma hope o ka lūlū ʻana. I mea e hōʻeleu ai i ka germination, pono ʻoe hana i kahi hopena hoʻomehana honua... Hiki ke hana maʻalahi ʻia i ke kau ʻana i ke aniani ma ka ʻili o ka ipu a i ʻole wahī iā ia i kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni.
Ka pae ʻana i ka honua
Ma hope o ke ʻano o ka lua o nā lau maoli, pono e hala i kēlā me kēia mea kanu ʻohiʻohi i loko o kahi pahu kaʻawale, hoʻohana mau ʻia nā kīʻaha disposable a i nā ipu kūikawā i hana ʻia i ka peat.
I ka hala ʻana o ka hoʻoweliweli o ka hau, pono e kanu i nā mea kanu oʻo i ka honua ākea, kahi e hoʻomau ai lākou e hoʻomohala a hoʻomaka e hua.
Ke hoʻokō nei i ke kaʻina hana, pono ʻoe e pili i nā kānāwai aʻe:
- E nānā pono i nā lālani waena, ma waena o nā nāhelehele ʻaʻole emi ma lalo o 50 × 70.
- Lawe ʻia ke kanu ʻana e ke ʻano transshipment i mea e mālama pono ai i ka rhizome.
- Hana maikaʻi ʻia ke kaʻina hana i ka ʻauinalā a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i ka wā ʻōpua.
- Ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, pono e hoʻomalu i nā lūlū no kekahi mau lā a ninini nui i ka wai i hoʻomehana ʻia i ka lā i ʻelua mau manawa.
Ma hope o kēlā, me ka mālama pono, e ulu koke nā mea kanu a hauʻoli iā lākou me ka pua ʻana, a laila me nā hua o kā lākou māla.
E haʻalele ana ma hope o ka iho mai i lalo
ʻAʻole lawa ka kanu ʻana i nā tōmato i mea e ʻohi ai. No ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia pahuhopu, pono ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻōmato, nona nā:
- maʻa mau ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana lepo a puni;
- e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā kumukūʻai ea ʻohi i nā lau o lalo e ka nahele a hoʻokuʻu i ka ākea ma waena o nā mea kanu mai ka mauʻu;
- ka holomua o ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻokumu ovary ma lalo o nā kūlana e ulu nei e pono ai e hoʻokō ʻia e ka pīpī ʻana i kahi hopena waikawa boric mai kahi ʻōmole ʻāpana a i ʻole superphosphate extract.
Hoʻohui ʻia, ma lalo o nā ʻano anilā like ʻole, ʻae ʻia ka hoʻoholomua hua ʻana o ka hua pala. E hana i kēia, huki wale i kahi palaki me nā ʻōmato mai lalo o nā lau i ka lā.
Nā maʻi a me nā mea hōʻino
ʻAno maʻalahi ʻo Tomato Nikola i nā ʻano maʻi:
- luna popopo;
- ʻeleʻele koʻohune;
- lohi ahi.
E hakakā iā lākou, pono ia e hoʻopulu i nā ʻanoʻano i kahi hopena o ka pāhare potassium aiʻole kahi disinfectant a nānā pinepine i ka mea kanu.
Lapaʻau maʻamau no ka pale ʻana Hoʻohui Bordeaux a i ʻole nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe o ka pale ʻana i nā fungi e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā koʻokoʻo a me nā mea kanu.
Ke ʻohiʻohi ʻana
He hua keʻokeʻo-ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka hua maka ʻole o kā kā Nikola kōmato; ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole o ka wā, aia i kēia ʻano hiki ke hemo iā lākou mai ka mea kanu.
Pono ʻoe e hana me nā ʻauamo a i ʻole nā palaki, aia i loko o kēia palapala i hiki i nā ʻōmato ke oʻo wikiwiki a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma kahi mehana a me ka pouli.
Hiki ke mālama ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole no kekahi manawa lōʻihi, no ka mea pono ke nānā aku i ke ʻano o ka mahana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka pae i makemake ʻia o ka wai i loko o ka lumi. E kūpono inā hōʻike ka thermometer +17a e lilo ka waiū ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 40%.
Maʻalahi loa ʻo Tomato Nikola e mālama, ʻono maikaʻi a me nā hōʻailona mākeke e ʻae ʻia e ulu i nā māla hoʻokahi a ma kahi pāʻoihana.