ʻO nā hua waina Kesha kahi ʻelima hanauna hybrid, hānai ʻia e nā mea ulu home. Kaulana ka ʻano i waena o nā māla ʻike a me nā amateurs ʻelua. Loaʻa nā maikaʻi a me nā maikaʻi ʻole o Kesha i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻano hua waina ʻē aʻe, me nā hybrids i loaʻa mai iā ia (Kesha-1 a me Kesha-2).
Ka wehewehe ʻana o nā ʻano hua waina Kesha
E like me ka mau, e hoʻomaka me kahi wehewehe o nā ʻano. ʻO Kesha kahi hua waina papa mua (130 mau lā). Hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me ka nui nā pana (65-80% o ka nui o ka nui). Maikaʻi ke aʻa o ka ʻoki. Kūleʻa ka ulu lāʻau, ikaika, hua. Nui ka waihona, ʻo ke ʻano o nā puʻupuʻu he conical-cylindrical. ʻO ka awelika ke kaupaona o nā pulu 900 g.
Nui nā hua (11-15 g) a manoanoa, oval i ke ʻano. Ke oʻo loa, hoʻololi ke kala mai ke keʻokeʻo i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo amber. ʻO ke kō ke kō (ʻo ke kō i ka hua he 20-24%). Aia kekahi mau hua i nā hua, mai hoʻokahi a ʻekolu mau ʻāpana. ʻAʻole hū nā hua, mālama i kā lākou hōʻike maikaʻi. ʻO ka ʻano he transportability kiʻekiʻe.
Kūpaʻa ʻo Kesha i ka momona, ka maʻi weliweli loa o nā ʻano hua waina ʻEulopa. Kūpaʻa hau (a i -23˚С), akā ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomanawanui i ka hoʻoilo.
ʻO kāna mea ukali iā Kesha-1 ʻoi aku ka pale aku i ke anuanu a me nā maʻi ma mua o Kesha. Akā he pua pua wahine ko Kesha-1. A pollination ponoʻī nā pua a Kesha, kahi e wehewehe ai i kāna hua kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻoi aku ka ʻono o Kesha ma mua o kāna poʻe ukali (8 mai ka 10 e like me ka heluʻai hoʻāʻo.
Hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano e hana i ka waina keʻokeʻo. Hoʻonani lākou i ka papa ʻaina ʻoliʻoli, a ʻai ʻia nā hua, mai ka laʻalāʻau mai a anuanu hoʻi.
Ka pae ʻana i ka honua
Ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻana, nānā ʻia nā mea kanu. Nā hua kanu olakino, kēlā mau:
- ʻaʻohe meaʻino i nā aʻa
- me ke kala like
- a me ka ʻiʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ka ʻoki
Ma hope o ke kūʻai ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke waiho me ka ʻole o ka wai no ka manawa lōʻihi, inā ʻaʻole lākou e maloʻo.
Kanu ʻia nā pua i ka puna a i ʻole ka hina. Aia ia i ka palena ʻāina. He mea nui ka mehana o ka ea a i ka 15˚C. ʻO ka lā ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, e hoʻopulu ʻia nā mea kanu i kahi hopena stimulant ulu. Koho ʻia ka lepo momona a hemo. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lepoʻeleʻele. E mae koke nā hua waina i ka malu. ʻO ka wahi i loko o ka māla kahi e ulu ai ʻo ia e lā.
Hoʻomākaukau mua ka pae pae. No kēia, hana ʻia nā lua i ka lepo, ma ka lalo o kahi e kau ʻia ai ka humus pala. ʻO 1.5 ka mamao ma waena o nā lua. Kanu ʻia nā mea kanu i hiki ai ke kola aʻa 5 cm ma luna o ka honua. Ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, nakinaki ʻia nā mea kanu i nā kākoʻo kū i luna a hoʻoinu nui ʻia me ka wai.
Pākuʻi ʻia ʻo Rootstock i kahi ulu lāʻau kahiko
Maʻalahi ʻo Kesha i ka hoʻopili ʻana ma ke kumu o kahi mea kanu kahiko. Ma mua o ke kāpili ʻana, ʻokiʻoki ʻia ka lihi o nā ʻoki a hoʻowai ʻia i loko o kahi wai momona me ka lole kiʻekiʻe (e laʻa me Humate).
Hoʻomākaukau ʻia ke koʻokoʻo: hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi, a laila ʻokiʻoki a ʻokiʻoki paha me kahi pahi. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻoki i loko o ka māhele a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me kahi lole. Hoʻohui ʻia kekahi mau ʻoki i nā kumu nui. Ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana, nakinaki ʻia nā mea kanu a hoʻoinu nui ʻia.
Lula mālama
Pono ka hua waina i ka hoʻoinu nui:
- i ka mua o ka puna
- ke mōhala ʻana
- ma hope o ka pua ʻana
I nā kauwela maloʻo, hoʻoinu pinepine ʻia nā mea kanu. He mea nui ʻaʻole e hoʻopiha i nā hua waina, no ka mea piha kēia me ka ulu ʻana o nā maʻi fungal a me ka make ʻana o nā mea kanu. I mea e hōʻalo ʻole ai, hana ka poʻe māla i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokahe kokoke i ka māla waina e hoʻokahe i ka wai.
Hoʻohui ʻia, mulhe ʻia nā mea kanu. Kūpono ka manure popopo a i ʻole ka peat no ka mulch. ʻO kahi papa o ka mulch no nā hua waina - 3 cm. Ua lawa kēia e pale ai i ka lepo mai ka hau a mālama i ka wai kūpono i loko.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka ʻano i nā manawa he nui i kēlā me kēia kau (ʻo ka mua i ka puna) me nā mea momona a i ʻole nā mea momona me ka phosphore a me ka potassium. ʻAʻole makemake nā mea hoʻomomona me nā nitrogen no nā hua waina. ʻO kā lākou nui e hōʻemi i ka maikaʻi o ka hua, akā e hoʻonui i ka nui o ka nui ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
I ka hāʻule, ʻokiʻoki ʻia nā lālā hua waina. ʻAʻole ulu ka nāhelehele, hana ʻia i mea paʻa. Hoʻopau ʻia ka nui, nā ʻino a me nā kumu maloʻo, akā ma mua o ka nānā ʻia ʻana no ke kū ʻana o nā maʻi a me nā meaola.
I mea e pale ʻole ai i ke kumu waina mai ka hāʻule ʻana, hoʻokahi ovary i koe ma ka pana hoʻokahi, ʻo ka nui loa. Mālama kēia i ka nahele mai ka ukana, no ka mea, hua nui ʻo Kesha i ka hua a kōkua i ka ovary e pala a hoʻopiha i ka wai. Inā lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke kalaunu, a laila pinch ia e kōkua i nā hua i oʻo.
I ka makahiki mua, e iho ana ka mālama ʻana iā Kesha i:
- hoʻoinu wai
- ʻoki ʻana
- kāohi maʻi
- ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana a me ka palu ʻana i ka lepo
ʻOhi ka hua mua mai Kesha i 5 mau makahiki. Inā kanu ʻoe i nā lūlū ma kahi kumu kahiko, a laila e hoʻemi ʻia ka manawa kali. Me ka mālama kūpono, hiki i ka ʻano ke hua i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
No ka hoʻoilo, uhi ka lepo ma lalo o nā hua waina i ka mauʻu, a kūlou nā ʻōpala i ka honua a uhi ʻia me ka pepa kini.
Nā maʻi a me nā mea hōʻino
He mea nui e nānā i nā mea kanu i ka hāʻule. Me ke anuanu, hōʻemi nā maʻi i ka hoʻomohala, a ke ʻimi nei nā mea make i kahi no ka hoʻoilo. A i ka pūnāwai, ma kahi o nā pua pua, aia ka makaʻu o ka maʻi ʻana.
Pauka pauka
He fungus kēia e hoʻouka i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā mea kanu. Pāwīwī loa ia. ʻO kona hōʻailona he ʻōpuʻu melemele i ka lau. Kaua ʻia ka fungus me kahi hopena o ferrous sulfate (300 g no ka bākeke wai). Ma waho o ia, e kōkua nā fungicides i ka hakakā kūʻē ʻana i ka fungus: Mikal a me Strobi.
Lawe ʻia ka mālama ʻana i nā mea kanu i ka lā me ka ʻole o ka makani, i nā pono hana pale no ke kahakaha hanu a me nā maka. He mea nui e hōʻoia i ka ʻole o nā lāʻau i ka ʻili
Pā pala hina
ʻO kahi fungus e hoʻolaha koke i nā ʻano pulu. Hoʻolālā ia i nā wahi pouli a maikaʻi ʻole hoʻi. Hoʻopili ia i nā ʻāpana āpau o nā mea kanu. ʻO kona hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona he kiko kiko me ka uhi hina. Lawe ʻia nā wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia a me nā ʻāpana hina o nā mea kanu mai ka māla a luku ʻia. Noho mau nā spore o ka fungus iā lākou.
I mea e pale aku ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka moʻo hina, kāpīpī ʻia nā mea kanu me ka hopena Folpan, kahi fungicide pili. A no nā mea kanu maʻi, kūpono ʻo Topsin M a me Rorval Flo hoʻomākaukau.
Mites
Maʻalahi ke ʻike ʻia ma ka nānā ʻana i loko o ka lau.
- Nā kiko brown uhi ʻia i lalo kahi hōʻailona o kahi mite i ʻike ʻia.
- Nā kiko māmā me ka uhi melemele lau ma hope o kahi mite punawelewele.
- Nā kiko melemele a puni nā lua o nā lau e hōʻike i ke alo o kahi mite lau.
Inā loaʻa ka maʻi nui me nā tick, hoʻohana nā māla i nā insecticides: Aktara a me Vermitic. He mea nui ka mālama ʻana ke hana pū me lākou, no ka mea, ʻawahia ia i kānaka. ʻO Karbofos kahi mea mālama hānai liʻiliʻi ʻoi aku ka hakakā, a me nā decoctions a me nā infusions o ka wormwood, ka paka a me nā pika potato.
I mea e ulu pono ai ka nahele hua waina, he mea nui e ukali i nā lula maʻalahi o ka ʻenehana mahiʻai:
- E kanu i nā lūlū ma kahi ākea a me ka lā me ka malu ʻole.
- ʻO nā mea kanu lahilahi, e hemo ana i nā lau nahele kūpono ʻole.
- Pono ka wai i kahi hōʻiliʻili nui, akā ʻo kāna mea i koe e luku i nā hua waina.
- E akahele me ka kaohi pest. Ke komo i loko o ka hua, hoʻololi nā mea ʻino i ko lākou ʻono a hoʻēmi i ko lākou pono.
- E noi i nā lole kiʻekiʻe e pono ai, ʻo kā lākou mea nui e hoʻoulu ai i ka ulu o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻaʻole nā ovaries.
ʻAʻole pono nā hua waina Kesha i ka nānā kūikawā. Ma ka ʻokoʻa, i ka mālama ʻana iā ia, he mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo i ke ana, a lawe i nā ana i ka manawa kūpono. A laila wale nō e uku ʻia nā mea i manaʻo ʻia me nā hua ʻono a olakino hoʻi e hauʻoli ai ʻoe a me kāu poʻe i aloha ai.