ʻO ka Khokhloma kōmato ʻano like o ka ʻoihana mahiʻai ʻo Gavrish i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka State Register o ka Russian Federation ma 2004 Wahi a nā ʻano a me nā ʻano, manaʻo ʻia no ka mahi ʻana i loko o nā māla mea kanu a me nā mahiʻai.
Nā ʻano a me ka wehewehe o ka ʻano kōmato Khokhloma
ʻAʻole hybrid ka ʻano, ke kau waena me ka hua pala 115-120 mau lā ma hope o nā wana. Hoʻokomo ʻole ʻia ka mea kanu, kiʻekiʻe me ka lōʻihi o ke kumu nui a hiki i 2 m. Pono ʻia kahi garter a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi ulu lāʻau me ka hemo ʻana o nā keiki hānau. Loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi loa e ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi ulu kōmato i hoʻokahi a me ʻelua mau kumu.
He maʻalahi nā lau, waena, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele. Hōʻike ka inflorescence mua ma luna o ka lau ʻewalu, a laila kēlā me kēia lau ʻekolu. Piʻi i nā kōmaka 11 i ka palaki, ʻaʻole lākou e hāʻule.
Nā hua lōʻihi 12-17 knm, laumania, paukūʻolokaʻa. He ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula kā ke kōmato pala. Kaumaha mai 100 a 150 gram... Mānoanoa ka ʻili. Paʻa ka pulp, ʻaʻole wai.
Kūpono nā ʻōmato, kūpono i ka ʻai salakeke hou a no ka mālama ʻana, maʻalahi lākou e waiho i nā hue. Hāʻawi ʻia ka mākeke i hoʻopaʻa ʻia 8-10 kg mai 1 m2.
I loko o nā māla, ulu ka kōmato Khokhloma i nā hale hoʻoulu; hiki ke mahi ʻia i ka ʻāina ākea ma nā wahi hema me kahi aniau haʻahaʻa.
Nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā mea hōʻino
ʻO nā mea maikaʻi o nā ʻano like ʻole:
- hua kiʻekiʻe i nā wahi liʻiliʻi, e pili ana i nā lula agrotechnical;
- hua hua wā lōʻihi i ke kau holoʻokoʻa;
- ʻono leʻaleʻa;
- ke kūpaʻa i ka maʻi mosaic, ka hopena o ke ahi, fusarium, cladosp hall, nā mea ʻino he nui;
- kū hoʻokahi hiki ke mālama wā lōʻihi me ka nalo ʻole o ka hōʻike a me ka ʻono;
- halihali halihali.
ʻO nā hemahema kontroversial o Khokhloma e komo pū ana me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka nui, ka ʻili mānoanoa a me nā hua ʻole. ʻAʻole hiki ke hana i ka wai mai ia mau tumato. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, me ke kēne hua piha, huli kēia mau "maikaʻi ʻole" i mau ʻano maikaʻi.
Nā koi ulu
Wahi a nā lula o ka hoʻohuli ʻana i nā mea kanu, ʻo nā mea mua ma mua no nā ʻōmato kāloti, ʻaka, zucchini, kukama, dill, pāhiri.
Ulu ʻia ʻo Khokhloma i loko o ka hale kōmahana. Hiki i ke kahua ākea, akā e haʻahaʻa loa ka hua.
No ka lōʻihi o ka ʻano, pono ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hale kōmahana. No kahi garter, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi upena trellis.
I mea e ʻohi ai i Iulai, pono e lūlū i nā hua i ka hoʻomaka o Malaki... Loaʻa i nā hua o ka ʻo Gavrish kahi helu germination kiʻekiʻe, a hiki i ka 98.
ʻO ka algorithm e ulu nei penei:
- Lūlū mākou i nā hua pickled ma nā lūlū i ka momona, māmā, lepo momona i kahi hohonu o 20 mm. Mālama nā ʻano pua lahilahi, hoʻoinu a me ka hānai ʻana... Mālama mākou i ke ana wela i koi ʻia.
- Luu mākou ke ʻikea ka lau mua maoli i loko o nā pahu kaʻawale.
- Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomākaukau lepo mua me ka ʻeli ʻana me ka hoʻolauna ʻana o kahi humus lawa, nā mea momona mineral paʻakikī, a me ka lehu.
- Kanu mākou i nā lūlū lūlū 54-60 mau lā no kahi paʻa mau e like me ka hoʻolālā 40 * 70 cm, 3-4 mau'āpana no 1 m2. Kanu mākou i loko o ʻApelila i nā hale kōmaʻomaʻo, a i Mei - i ka honua ākea, ke hoʻokumu ʻia kahi hoʻomehana mahana maikaʻi a hoʻomehana ka lepo a + 14 kekelē.
- No kahi mea kanu hua kiʻekiʻe hana mākou i hoʻokahi koʻokoʻo... Wehe mākou i 3-4 mau lōʻihi mau keiki keiki i kēlā me kēia 7-10 mau lā. Hoʻopili mākou i nā mea kanu i nā trellises kū.
- Wehe mākou i nā lau lalo ma lalo o ka palaki mua, hoʻokahi i kēlā me kēia pule, i ʻole e lawe i ka meaʻai mai nā hua pala a ʻohiʻohi i nā spores maʻi mai ka lepo.
- ʻO ka mālama maʻamau i nā hana maʻamau no ka wehe ʻana i ka lepo, ka hoʻoinu ʻana, ka weuweu ʻana, ka momona a me ka mulch.
E like me ka hoʻohana lole kiʻekiʻe e hoʻokomo i ka mullein, ka lepo manu, nā mea kanu mineral a me nā kumumea e like me nā loina e like me nā lula agrotechnical.
I ka wā o ke oʻo ʻana, pane i nā ʻōmato i ka mineral fertilizing me ka potassium content. ʻO Nitrogen i kēia wā hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻomohala nui ʻana o ka nui ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka hopena o ka hua. No laila, hewa ia e hoʻopili i nā meaola keu. Ma waho o nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka naikokene, kōkua ka meaola i ka ulu ʻana o nā maʻi.
Kāohi maʻi
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo Khokhloma kōmato i nā ʻano like ʻole me ka pale o nā maʻi a me nā meaola.
Pono e hoʻomanaʻo e pili ana i nā lula o ka ʻenehana mahiʻai a me ka hoʻohuli ʻana o nā mea kanu. E kōkua i nā maʻi e kōkua:
- ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka lepo;
- wehe ka wā pono;
- hoʻoinu me ka wai kū.
Aloha ʻo Tomato nui ka wai akā kakaʻī ʻole... I ka wā o ka hua ʻana, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻomāinoino i nā momona nitrogen a hoʻopili i ka manure hou.
Akā ʻaʻole e hoʻopili nā hana pale, eia lākou penei:
- pono ʻoe e hoʻoponopono i nā mea kanu me 0.5% Bordeaux hui ma mua o ke kanu ʻana.
- 3 mau pule ma mua o kaʻohi ʻana i nā hua o ka mea kanu, disinfect me kahi hopena o 4 g keleawe sulfate no 1 lita o ka wai;
- hoʻohui manawa i ka lehu a puni ka nāhelehele.
ʻOhi a me ka mālama ʻana
ʻO nā kōmato paʻahau ʻaʻole kūpono no ka mālama ʻana, hōʻino koke lākou.
Pono e hoʻokō ʻia ka ʻohi ʻana ma kahi mahana o ka lewa ma kahi o +8 kekelē. E hōʻiliʻili i nā huaʻai no ka mālama wā lōʻihi, koho mākou i kahi lā maikaʻi. Mai hōʻiliʻili ma hope o ka ua.
No ka mālama ʻana, pono ʻoe e ʻohiʻohi i nā hua liʻiliʻi, mānoanoa, ʻaʻohe pōʻino... ʻEleʻele paha lākou a waiu.
I loko o ka pahu ea kūikawā a i ʻole nā pahu lāʻau no nā mea kanu, kau i nā ʻōmato ma ka pepa me nā ʻau i luna, e kāpīpī me ka wahī. E kau i nā pahu ma luna o kekahi i kekahi i kahi lumi ʻeleʻele a me ke anuanu me kahi haʻahaʻa ma luna o 80%. Pono e ea i ka lumi.
Maikaʻi inā loaʻa kahi manawa kūpono e hoʻokaʻawale i nā tumato e like me ko lākou oʻo. Inā mālama ʻoe ulaʻula nā hua ma kahi mahana o + 1 kekelē, palaunu - i ke ana wela o +4 kekelē, a ōmaʻomaʻo ma +10, e hoʻonui ka papa i 2 mau mahina.
Ma lalo o kēia mau kūlana, pala mālie nā ʻōmato. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ko lākou ʻono a me ko lākou ʻano biological mai nā hua i oʻo i ke kumu waina.
ʻO Tomato Khokhloma no nā ʻano waihona i mālama maikaʻi ʻia i loaʻa ke ʻano oval a me nā keʻena liʻiliʻi, a me kahi ʻano paʻa. Me ka mālama kūpono, nā ʻōmato hiki ke mālama a hiki i ka hoʻoilo.
Koho kēlā me kēia māla i kona ʻano ma o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana. Inā makemake ʻoe i nā ʻōmato lōʻihi, nāu, e nānā i nā kōmato Khokhloma. Loaʻa iā lākou ka pōmaikaʻi o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hua mua, a me ka mālama kūpono ʻana, a me ka mālama maʻalahi. ʻAʻole ia no ka mea ʻole i kapa ʻia kēia ʻano he “ʻumato no ka palaualelo”.