ʻO ka peʻa kahi ʻāpala kahiko i loaʻa i ka ulu kūlohelohe. ʻO nā kumulāʻau Apple o kēia ʻano mea waiwai i waena o nā poʻe noho kauwela a me nā māla amatir no nā waiwai maikaʻi o nā ʻāpala, no ke kūpaʻa hau a me nā hua kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻolahalaha ʻia nā lāʻau Apple o ka Grushovka ma nā wahi āpau o ka Russian Federation. Akā inā ʻoe e hoʻolālā e kanu i nā mea kanu, pono ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻano o kēia ʻano hua o nā hua.
Ka wehewehe o ka ʻano ʻōpala ʻo Grushovka
Mōʻaukala hānau
ʻO ka ʻano Grushovka kahi ʻano ʻōpala i hōʻike ʻia e ke koho kūlohelohe, ʻo ia hoʻi, kūlohelohe. ʻO kēia ʻano kekahi o nā mea kahiko, ma mua o 200 mau makahiki. ʻOiai ma Rūsia kahiko, aia kekahi mau kuhikuhi i kēia mau ʻomela. I ka makahiki 1797, ua hōʻike kikoʻī ʻia ka lāʻau ʻāpala Grushovka e ka ʻepekema kaulana ʻo A.T. Bolotov i ka hana ʻepekema.
Ma ke kumu o Grushovka, ua loaʻa nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā kumulāʻau e ka hele ʻana - Grushovka i ke kakahiaka nui, Grushovka hoʻoilo, Grushovka Moscow.
Hōʻike o ka lāʻau ʻōpala
Loaʻa nā kumulāʻau o ka ʻano Grushovka i kēia mau ʻano:
- Nui ka nui. ʻO 6-7 mika ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau;
- ʻO ke kalaunu, lālā me ka helehelena poepoe, he mau pāpale pyramidal nā lāʻau ʻōpio;
- ʻO nā kumulāʻau ʻo Apple Grushovka kahi mea kanu kū pono me kahi ʻano lālā simpodial, nā lālā me nā kākalaioa ʻole;
- ʻO ka ʻili o nā lālā he melemele-ʻalani;
- ʻO nā kī o ke ʻano vegetative he ʻili ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula;
- Aia nā kī o ka generative type a i ʻole ke ringlet i nā helu nui, ʻoi aku ka pouli o ko lākou kala ma mua o nā lālā nui;
- Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā lau ma nā petioles lōʻihi, ʻano elliptical;
- He ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha ke kala o nā lau lau;
- ʻO nā lau o nā kumulāʻau ʻōpio ke kihi ma ka ʻili, i ka poʻe mākua, aia kahi flar sparse ma nā lau a i ʻole he laumania ko lākou ʻili;
- I loko o ka wā pua, ʻike ʻia nā pua me nā pua palani, ma hope o kekahi manawa hoʻololi lākou i ko lākou malu i poni a keʻokeʻo paha.
Hōʻike o nā huaʻai
I ka manawa o ka hua ʻana, ʻike ʻia nā hua ma nā kumulāʻau o nā lāʻau apple Grushovka i loaʻa kēia mau ʻano:
- Nā ʻōpelu pala pala liʻiliʻi... ʻO ke kaupaona o hoʻokahi hua i ka manawa o ke oʻo ʻana mai 60 a 80 gram. ʻO ke kaupaona kiʻekiʻe he 100 a 120 mau gram;
- Poepoe nā hua i ke ʻano me kahi papa pālahalaha;
- ʻO ka ʻāpala i ʻōmaʻomaʻo-melemele me ka nui o nā kaha a me nā blotches me ka ʻulaʻula a me ke kala ʻulaʻula;
- Loaʻa i ka ʻili kahi hanana maikaʻi me kahi ʻoluʻolu. Hoʻopili ʻia ka luna me ka wax maoli;
- Loaʻa nā hua i kahi pulupulu palupalu me ka juiciness kiʻekiʻe, kahi onaona ʻoluʻolu a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa no nā papaʻai papaʻai. ʻO ka calorie o nā ʻoma āpau he haʻahaʻa - 47 kcal wale nō no 100 mau mika.
Māhele ulu
Ke ulu nei nā kumulāʻau ʻōpala o ka Grushovka i nā wahi āpau o Lūkia. Hoʻolahalaha lākou i nā wahi aʻe:
- Nā ʻāpana āpau o ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Lūkia;
- Ural;
- ʻĀpana Komohana;
- Hikina o Siberia.
Hoʻohui ʻia, ulu ka ʻano like ʻole ma nā ʻāina CIS ʻē aʻe - ma Belarus a me Ukraine.
ʻO ka hana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano hoʻoilo o Moscow a me nā hoʻoilo
ʻO Grushovka kahi ʻano like. Hoʻomaka ka wā oʻo no ka hua i ka hopena o Iulai a me ʻAukake mua. Hiki i nā lāʻau Apple ke ola i 50-60 mau makahiki. Hoʻomaka ka wā hua mai 4 mau makahiki ma hope o ke kanu ʻana. ʻO ka hua i ka makahiki mua o ka hua ʻana hiki i 10 kilokika, a inā he 15 mau makahiki ka lāʻau, a laila piʻi ka pae i 80-100 kilokika mai hoʻokahi lāʻau.
Hoʻomaka ka ʻohi hua ʻana i ka mua o ʻAukake... ʻO ka wā mālama o ka mea kanu he 2-3 mau pule.
ʻOiai he ʻano palupalu ka ʻiʻo a me ka ʻili o Grushovka, ʻaʻole kūpono lākou i ka halihali. No kēia kumu, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano.
Nā Pollinator
ʻO ka ʻano Grushovka hua momona ponoʻī; no ka ovary hua, pono ka pollination me ka pollen mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. No ka pollination o kēia ʻano, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā pollinator e like me Antonovka, Papirovka, Anis Polosaty, Kēnamona, Bellefleur-Chinese.
Nā mea maikaʻi a me nā mea maikaʻi ʻole
He nui nā keu a ka Grushovka, a ʻo nā mea nui e hōʻike koʻikoʻi:
- Loaʻa i nā lāʻau nā kūpaʻa hau hau kiʻekiʻe a hiki ke kū i ke ana wela ma lalo o 50 kekelē Celsius;
- Ka lōʻihi o ke ola a hiki i 50-60 mau makahiki;
- E hua i ka hua mua;
- ʻO ka hele wikiwiki o nā hua pala;
- Hana kiʻekiʻe;
- ʻO kahi pae kiʻekiʻe o nā mea pono i nā ʻāpala;
- Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā compotes, mālama, pūliki, wai inu, a me ka jam mai nā ʻāpala.
Ma waho o nā mea maikaʻi, aia kekahi ʻaoʻao maikaʻi ʻole:
- Mālama ʻia nā kumulāʻau i nā maʻi, pests;
- ʻO ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe i nā ʻano anilā;
- Hua hua ʻole;
- He hua hua kaulike ʻole. Ma kahi kumulāʻau, pala kekahi mau hua a heleleʻi, ʻoiai ʻōmaʻomaʻo mau kekahi;
- Ke ola pōkole. E moe ka hua i ʻohi ʻia no ka lōʻihi o 2-3 mau pule;
- ʻAʻole i manaʻo ʻia no ka lawe ʻana.
Kiʻi o nā ʻāpala pala
Ma lalo nā ʻano ʻōpala o ka ʻano Grushovka:
Nā kānāwai pae ʻāina
ʻO nā kumu ulu kūpono kūpono he loamy, one a me ka soddy.
Hana ʻia nā mea kanu kanu i ka lepo ma kahi o ka hopena o ʻApelila i ka mua o Mei a i ʻole mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo - Kepakemapa-ʻOkakopa.
Nā lula no ke kanu ʻana i nā lūlū.
- E hana nā lua i nā pali kūpikipiki. Pono nā puka i 100 knm ākea a 60 knm hohonu;
- 4 mau lā ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, pono e hoʻokomo i nā hui momona i loko o nā lua. Pono e hoʻopiha i kēlā me kēia lua me 25 kilogram o humus;
- I ka lua eli, e hana i kahi kaumaha no nā aʻa lālā o nā lāʻau ʻōpio;
- Pono e kanu i nā mea kanu me nā kuia i nā nāhelehele i kanu ʻia i nakinaki ʻia;
- E hooauheeia na kui mai ka aoao akau;
- Ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, hoʻoinu koke ʻia ka lāʻau. Pono kahi seedling ma kahi o 30 liters o ka wai;
- Ma hope o ka hoʻoinu, mulched nā lua me ka humus a me ka compost.
Lula mālama
Nā kuhikuhi mālama:
- No ka hoʻomohala maikaʻi o ka lāʻau i ka manawa o ka pua mua, oki ʻia ka 85% o nā pua, 50% o nā hua i kahi kūlana ʻōmaʻomaʻo;
- ʻO nā ʻano lāʻau ʻōpala ʻo Grushovka mai ʻae i ka maloʻo nui, no laila, e hoʻomaopopo pono e hoʻoinu iā lākou ma ka liʻiliʻi 2-3 mau manawa i ka pule. Pono e hoʻopau i ka hoʻoinu ʻana i ka wai i ka hopena o ʻAukake a me ka mua o Kepakemapa, i loaʻa i ka lāʻau ka manawa e hoʻomākaukau ai no ka hoʻoilo;
Pono ka hoʻomomona ʻana i ka lāʻau i ke kau ʻelua. I ka makahiki mua o kona ola, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokuʻu a me ka wai mau.
- I ka puna, pono e ninini ʻia ka manure lio lapuwale a humus paha i ka lepo e momona i nā kumulāʻau. No ka 1 mika mika 8-12 kilokika. No nā mea momona o ka mineral, 400-600 mau huna o ka urea i hoʻohana ʻia;
- I ka hāʻule, pono e hānai ʻia nā kumulāʻau me nā hui momona momona paʻakikī. "Kemira e hoʻomalu nei" No ka 1 sq. pono ka mika iā 30-40 mau mika;
- I ke kauwela, e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻoilo o ka lāʻau, lawe ʻia ka palu ʻana me ka manure lio, 5 cm ka mānoanoa o ka papa;
- I mea e hoʻopololei ai i ke kumu a ʻano, ʻoki ʻia ka lāʻau i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o ke kanu ʻana. I ka wā o ka ʻoki ʻana, ʻokiʻoki ʻia nā lālā o luna i ʻekolu ʻāpana. Pōkole ke kumu i ka 30-40 cm. Hana ʻia ka trimming hou inā pono.
He mea nui ia e pena i nā lāʻau i ka hopena o ke kau. Pale kēia i nā lāʻau ʻōpala mai ka hōʻino ʻia e ka lichen, lumo, a hoʻopau pū i nā mea ʻino a me nā spores o nā pathogens i loko o ka ʻili.
Nā ʻōlelo koi keʻokeʻo:
- Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke keʻokeʻo, pono e uhi ʻia nā māwae āpau a me nā lua like ʻole i ka ʻili o ka lāʻau me ka pitch kīhāpai;
- No ka keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, pono ʻoe e hoʻomākaukau i kahi hopena, kahi e komo ai i 2 kilokilo o ka quicklime, 6 liters o ka wai a me 1 kilogram o ka pālolo aila. Hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻāpana āpau, e hoʻohui i kahi waiū skim liʻiliʻi i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lāʻau keʻokeʻo i ka wahie;
- Pono e hana i ka whitewashing o nā lāʻau i Nowemapa, ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka ua kauwela%
- ʻO ka papa o ka pahu a me nā ʻō, ʻo ia ke kumu o nā lālā nui, i keʻokeʻo.
Pest kaohi
I mea e hōʻalo ai i ka hōʻino ʻia o nā lāʻau apple, i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka wā o ke kau, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono i ka māla o nā lau kahiko, nā mea manawaleʻa. He mea nui ia e ʻeli i ka ʻili holoʻokoʻa o ka pōʻai kumu, a mālama pū i nā hōʻeha āpau me nā ala kūikawā, e laʻa me ka varnish māla.
Inā loaʻa nā liona scab i nā lāʻau, a laila pono lākou e mālama ʻia me kahi hui Bordeaux me kahi hopena 1-3%. Ke hoʻomākaukau nei i kēia hui, pono ia e kāwili i kahi hopena o ke keleawe sulfate a me ka lime.
I ka wā o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o 1 solution, pono e ninini ʻia he 100 mau keleawe keleawe sulfate a me 120 mau huna o ka quicklime i 10 liters o ka wai. ʻO ka mea mua, pono e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke keleawe sulfate i 1 lita o ka wai e hoʻolapalapa ana... A laila ninini mālie i 5 liters o ka wai anuanu i loko o kēia hui.
Pono e hoʻowīwī i ka lime i 1 lita o ka wai e hoʻolapalapa ana. A laila ninini ʻia 5 liters o ka wai anuanu i kēia hopena. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe pākahi ʻia nā hopena ʻelua ma o kahi mea ana. ʻO ka mea aʻe, ninini ʻia kahi hopena o ke keleawe sulfate i loko o ka hopena lime. Huikau nā mea āpau. Pono e mālama ʻia nā kumulāʻau me kēia hui ʻana ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua.
Pono e hana i nā lāʻauʻawaʻawa i ka wā o ka haʻi. Hiki ke hana i ka lua o ka lāʻau ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o nā pua āpau.
E kōkua nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe i ka hemo ʻana i nā lehelehe scab. ʻO "Strobi" a me "Speed" ka mea ʻoi loa. Pono e mālama ʻia nā lāʻau Apple me Strobi i ka hoʻomaka mua o ka puna, a ʻo Skor i ka wā o ka lau. Hoʻomaʻu ʻia nā lāʻau ʻelua i ke ala like - 1 ampoule i 10 liters o ka wai.
Nānā māla
Olga: "Ke ulu nei kahi kumulāʻau o nā ʻano Grushovka i kaʻu māla no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻO kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa. Koho wau i nā hua pala i ka mua o ʻAukake. ʻOiai heʻuʻuku nā ʻoma, nui ka ʻono. Ke oʻo loa, lilo lākou i lepo ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka melemele me ka nui o nā ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula hoʻi. Keʻokeʻo ke ʻano o ka pulp. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole lōʻihi lākou. "
Elena: "He mau lāʻau ʻapelika Grushovka kaʻu e ulu nei ma kaʻu pūnaewele. Ma kahi o 15 ko lākou mau makahiki. Loaʻa iaʻu kahi ʻohi nui, ʻohiʻohi au i 3 mau ʻāpala mai kēlā me kēia lāʻau. Hoʻomaka ka wā oʻo i ka mua o ʻAukake. ʻAno maikaʻi nā ʻōpala palaʻai a me ka juiciness kiʻekiʻe. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole lōʻihi ke ola papa, 3 mau pule wale nō. "
Alexander: "Hoʻokahi a mākou lāʻau ʻāpala o ka Grushovka ʻano e ulu nei i kā mākou māla. ʻAneʻane ʻo ia i 20 mau makahiki. ʻAno kakahiaka ʻo ka wā kuʻi. Ua ʻohi mākou i nā ʻōle pala i ka hoʻomaka o ʻAukake. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke kala o nā hua pala me ka nui o nā blotches ʻulaʻula. ʻOno maikaʻi lākou - momona, ʻono a me ka mea ala. "
ʻO ka lāʻau apple apple Grushovka kahi ʻano kahiko i waiwai nui. Hoʻokomo aʻa nā kumu lāʻau ma kahi ʻāina me ke aniau, a ʻae pū kekahi i nā hau hau ʻino. ʻAno maikaʻi nā ʻoma āpau a me nā pono olakino. Eia kekahi, ʻaneʻane i kēlā me kēia makahiki hiki ke kiʻi i kahi pae kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻohi.