ʻO ka cherry momona, ma ke ʻano he kumu lāʻau, ua ʻike ʻia mai ka wā kahiko. ʻO nā hua momona a momona hoʻi kahi punahele punahele no nā keiki a me nā mākua. Ma waena o nā ʻano hema o nā ʻano cherry momona Valery Chkalov - kahi lunamakaʻāinana me ke kūpaʻa kūpale. Hiki ke loaʻa kahi wehewehe o kēia ʻano ma lalo.
Ka wehewehe o ka ʻano cherry Valery Chkalov
ʻO ka cherry momona o kahi ʻano ʻano mua, i loaʻa i ka 1953 e nā mea hoʻohua M.T. ʻO Oratovsky lāua ʻo S.V. Zhukov. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ke koho e ka hana hui o ke kahua o ka Melitopol Experimental Gardening i kapa ʻia ma hope o I. M.F. ʻO Sidorenko a me ka Central Genetic Laboratory. ʻO I.V. ʻO Mikurin. Pollinator - Caucasian Pink cherry.
Ua kapa ʻia ka inoa ma hope o ka hoʻomanaʻo o ka pailaka hoʻāʻo Soviet ʻo Valery Chkalov.
Ulu ka laulā i kahi ʻano pae ʻaʻano mehana a me subtropical. I nā ʻāina ʻāinapuniʻole a me nā monsoon, ʻaʻole kūpono ke ʻano no ka mahi ʻana. Mai ka 1974, ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻano like ʻole ma ka North Caucasus:
- ʻĀina ʻo Rostov;
- ʻĀina ʻo Stavropol;
- Repubalika o Chechen;
- Ka Lepupalika ʻo Ingushetia;
- Lepupalika Karachay-Cherkess.
Hiki i nā pua meli hina-brown o nā cherry momona a 5 mm i ka ʻāpana keʻa. Hoʻoikaika ka ulu pana ikaika e ka ʻoki ʻana formative... I nā lūlū makahiki, waiho ʻia nā wana haʻahaʻa, a ma hope lilo nā lālā iwi.
ʻO ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka hau i nā ʻano like ʻole, hiki ke hiki, ma nā mahana sub-zero a hiki i 24 ° C, e lilo a 2/3 o nā pua pua. Kōkua kēia i ka mālama ʻana i ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu. I ka nui nui, kiʻekiʻe ka hua o nā ʻano. Nā hōʻailona o ka loaʻa o nā ʻano like ʻole ma nā wahi hema, i nā makahiki he 10 o ka hua ʻana:
- Crimea: awelika - 62 kg, pae kiʻekiʻe - 174 kg;
- Māhele ʻo Krasnodar: waena - 24 - 32 kg.
Nā ʻano hua
ʻO nā hua burgundy nui, ʻano puʻuwai. Pulupulu ʻulaʻula momona a momona hoʻi, me ka iwi nui... ʻO ke kaumaha o ka hua mai 7 a 9 gram. Hoʻopili kahi koʻokoʻo liʻiliʻi i ka hua.
ʻO ka ʻike o nā mea i loko o nā hua i kēia ʻano:
- 13.5% - mea maloʻo;
- 0.6% - nā waikawa manuahi;
- 10.7% kō;
- 0.21 mg - ascorbic acid.
Pili nā ʻano like ʻole i nā ʻano mea ʻono, kūpono no ka ʻomo ʻana.
Nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā maikaʻi ʻole o ka ʻano
ʻO nā mea maikaʻi o nā ʻano like ʻole nā ʻano aʻe:
- ʻohi ʻaʻano palaoa;
- nā hua nui;
- pulp hua momona a ʻono hoʻi;
- hana kiʻekiʻe;
- kūpono no ke kō ʻana;
- ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo a me ke kūpaʻa hau.
ʻO nā mea maikaʻi ʻole o ke ʻano he hoʻokahi wale nō waiwai. - ke kaulike awelika i nā maʻi fungal.
Ke kanu nei a haʻalele
No ke kanu ʻana, koho ʻia nā lāʻau cherry me ka hana maikaʻi.
Pono nā hua me nā ʻōkuhi aʻe:
- makahiki - 1 - 2 makahiki;
- anawaena barela - 17 mm aʻoi aku paha;
- ka nele o ka huehue;
- ke kūʻana o nā lālā 3 - 4, a 40 cm i ka nui;
- ʻokoʻa i ke kala o ka scion a me ka roottock ma ka pūnaewele hoʻopili;
- nā aʻa me ka hōʻino ʻole a me ka ulu ʻana;
- ʻaʻohe lālā haki.
ʻO ka maikaʻi maikaʻi o nā lūlū e hōʻoia ʻia e nā nursery hana kūikawā o ia wahi.
ʻO ka manawa i koi ʻia no ke kanu ʻana i nā cherry ma mua o ʻApelila, ma mua o ka pehu ʻana o nā ʻōpuʻu... I kēia manawa, aʻa wikiwiki ka mea kanu ma muli o ka wā mahana o ka makahiki. ʻAʻole ia e koi ʻia e kanu i nā cherry i ka hāʻule. ʻAʻole hiki i ka lūlū ke aʻa me ka wikiwiki a hiki i ka hoʻoilo.
ʻAʻole pono ia e uhaʻi i nā ʻōpuʻu i ka wahi kalaunu, a laila e ulu aʻe i nā lālā hou.
Pale aku ka pae pae ʻāina mai nā kiʻi kikoʻī. Koho i kahi ʻaoʻao lā ma ka pūnaewele. Koi ʻia kahi kiʻekiʻena a i ʻole koi ʻia kahi kiʻekiʻe hana no ka kanu ʻana i nā cherry... Kanu nā lāʻau Pollinator o nā ʻano like ʻole no ka hua maikaʻi. ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā kumulāʻau e waiho ʻia a 4 mau mika i hiki i nā lāʻau ke hohola mālie i ka lei aliʻi.
ʻO ka hanana o ka wai kai ma ka pūnaewele a i 3 mau mika ka hohonu i mea e pale ai i ka pala pala.
Hoʻomākaukau ka lua kanu i ka hāʻule. Ua ʻeli ʻia ka honua a lawe ʻia mai i ʻelua mau bakeke o humus i kāwili ʻia me ka lepo momona. Hoʻomākaukau ka lepo no ke kanu ʻana i nā lūlū, i ka wā e hiki mai ana e hoʻolako i nā aʻa me ka meaʻai kūpono.
ʻO nā lepo maikaʻi no nā ʻano like ʻole he loamy a me ka loam one, kahi e ʻae ai i ka ea a me ka wai e hele i waena.
Kū ke kanu lūlū ʻana i kahi lūlū me nā pae holomua:
- Ke ʻeli ʻia nei ka honua mai kahi lua i hoʻomākaukau ʻia, a 70 cm ka hohonu, 80 cm ke anawaena.
- Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi kui i waenakonu o ka lua, no ke kākoʻo a me ke kūpaʻa o ka seedling.
- Lawe ʻia i lalo o ka lua mea hoʻomomona ke aloha i ke ʻano o ka compost a manure paha.
- Waiho:
- potassium sulfate - 100 gram;
- superphosphate - 300 gram;
- lehu - 1 kg.
- Hoʻohui i nā mea momona honua.
- Hoʻolahalaha i nā aʻa, me ka mālie komo i loko o kahi lua i loko o kahi lua.
- Ka paʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau uhi me ka honua, e noʻonoʻo nei i kahi o ke kola aʻa ma luna o ka pae honua e 5 cm.
- No ka hoʻoinu hana i ka pōʻai pahu i kahi hohonu o 5 cm. Ma nā kihi o ka pōʻai, e hana i ka honua i ke ʻano o ka lāʻau.
- E hoʻopaʻa i kahi lūlū i ke kui.
- E hoʻoinu i ka lūlū wai - 2 bākeke.
- E palu peat near-trunk pōʻai.
Nā kūlana ulu
No nā makahiki 3 mua, hoʻomaʻemaʻe mau nā lūlū a wehe i ka lepo. I kēia hihia, pono ke komo ʻana o ka wai i ka hohonu i kahi mamao a 40 cm, e pili ana i nā aʻa.
Pono e hoʻokō me ka papa manawa hoʻoinu wai cherry:
- ma mua o ka pua ʻana;
- ma hope o ka pua ʻana;
- ma mua o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i 3 mau pule;
- i ʻOkakopa.
ʻAʻole ia e koi ʻia e hoʻohāinu i nā kumulāʻau i ka wā o ka hua o ka hua, ma muli o ka haki ʻana o nā hua.
Lawe ʻia ka ʻoki ʻana o nā lūlū makahiki i ka puna, a pili i nā hana aʻe:
- hoʻopōkole ʻana i nā lūlū i ke kiʻekiʻe o 50 knm, me 4 - 5 mau puʻupaʻa i ulu;
- hoʻopōkole ʻana o nā wana ʻaoʻao 1/3;
- ka loaʻa ʻana lala waena kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ke koena o nā lālā e 20 cm.
Me ka pōkole ikaika o nā lālā makahiki a hiki i 40 cm, hiki ke hoʻonui i ka ulu ʻana o nā kumu lāʻau, me ka pāpā o ka hua ʻana.
Pau ka noho aliʻi ʻana ma nā kumulāʻau ʻelima mau makahiki, a hiki ke ʻoki ʻana i:
- kiʻekiʻe lāʻau a i 3.5 mika;
- lala waena a me nā lālā e pili ana, a i kahi pae i ʻoi aku i nā lālā ākea kokoke e 20 cm;
- wana ikaikakuhikuhi ʻia i ka lei aliʻi;
- luna e ulu ana i nā lālā iwi iwi e ulu pono ana;
- nā lālā ʻaoʻao kalaunu.
Hoʻopili ka ʻoki ʻana i ka ulu hou ʻana o ka lei aliʻi a pale aku i nā mea ʻino a me nā maʻi.
Pono kēlā me kēia makahiki e hoʻonui i ka pōʻai pahu i 1 cm. Pono e hoʻonui hou i kahi o ka pōʻai me kahi uhi mulch... Hana pū hoʻi i ka wehe ʻana a me ka nāhelehele ʻana. I ke kauwela a me ke kauwela mua, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻomomona nitrogen, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka wā ulu ma nā kumu lāʻau. Hoʻopili ʻia nā mea hoʻomomona me ka phosphorus a me ka potassium i ka hāʻule. ʻO nā mea momona aʻe e koi ʻia:
- urea maloʻo - 120 g;
- ʻO ka hopena urea - 30 gram no 1 bākeke wai: Mei - Iune - 3 mau manawa, a ukali ʻia e ka hoʻokuʻu a me ka hoʻoinu.
No nā kumulāʻau makahiki ʻehā, hoʻonui ʻia ka furrow pōʻai i 40 cm. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o nā aʻa.
I kēia makahiki, koi nā lāʻau i ka momona:
- punawai mua hoʻohui i ka urea maloʻo - 150 gram a ninini;
- i ka hāʻule e hoʻohui i ka potassium sulfate - 100 gram, superphosphate granular - 300 gram.
ʻAi ʻia nā kumulāʻau o ka makahiki ʻelima o ke ola:
- i ka puna –Nā 1 bākeke wai - 30 gram o nā ammophos; urea - 200 gram - i ka ʻaihue;
- i ka hāʻule - no ka lāʻau 1 - 20 kg o humus.
Pono e hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻomomona ʻana e like me ka manawa a me nā hana i mea e hoʻopaneʻe ai i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o nā wana lāʻau.
ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o nā cheri no ka wā hoʻoilo i loko o nā lāʻau keʻokeʻo... Pale kēia i nā lāʻau mai nā mea ʻino a me nā maʻi.
Lawe ʻia kēia hanana me ka dilution o ka haku mele no ka keʻokeʻo, i nā koho 2 e koho ai:
- Pākuʻi PVA - 2 tbsp. nā puna, ka lime - 300 gram;
- wai - 2 l, waiū - 100 gram, keleawe sulfate a me ka lepo - 1 tbsp. puna.
E uhi pono i nā lāʻau me nā lāʻau spruce no ka hoʻoilo. E wahī i ke kumu a me nā lālā iwi me ka lole ʻaʻai. Hoʻohou hou ka pōʻai pahu me ka peat hou. Me ka mālama pono a hoʻomau mau, loaʻa ka ʻohi o nā ʻano ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i nā lūlū ma hope o ʻelima mau makahiki, a laila ka makahiki.... Kū ka hua i ka mua o Iune. ʻO ka hua maʻamau o nā kumulāʻau 10 - 15 mau makahiki he 62 kg.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻano
- ʻO ke ʻano kahi kumu o kahi multivitamin complex, i loaʻa nā flavonoids, carotene, pectins, kō, ua waiwai pū ʻia me nā mea micro a me macro.
- ʻO ka cherry momona kahi lāʻau maikaʻi loa no ka beriberi puna... Hoʻohana ka lāʻau lapaʻau kuʻuna i nā cheri ma ke ʻano he diuretic no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi puʻupaʻa. Nānā i ke kino, kōkua i ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ke kaumaha a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano o ke kino.
- Mahalo i nā hua cherry, hoʻoikaika i nā paia o nā capillaries, kōkua me nā maʻi hypertensive. Ma muli o ka ʻike o ka coumarin i nā cherry, hoʻemi ʻia ka palena o ke kō ʻana o ke kō. Kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka anemia a me ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā clots koko a me nā pā.
- Hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka motika gastric nāwaliwali e ka wai momona... Hoʻoulu ia i ke kaʻina hana digestion a kōkua me ka ʻeha o ka ʻōpū. Hana pū kekahi ia ma ke ʻano he regulator ma ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā pae kolesterol.
- Hāpai nā hua hua o nā ʻano like ʻole i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hana naʻau... He hopena maikaʻi kā lākou i ke kino me ka huhū a me ka neurosis.
Nā maʻi a me nā mea hōʻino
ʻO ka nani o nā cherry kahi mea hoihoi loa i ka poʻe a me nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole me kāna hua. Pono ka kanu ʻana i nā lūlū i ka mālama kūikawā no lākou. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i ka mālama ʻana i nā cherry ke hōʻoia piha i ka pale ʻana o nā kumulāʻau mai nā pōʻino āpau. I mea e hōʻalo ai i nā maʻi nui a me nā mea ʻino e kū ai nā cherry, e kōkua ka ʻike kūpono mai nā papa i ke kaua kūʻē iā lākou.
Ka inoa o ka maʻi | Wā maʻi lele | ʻO ka hōʻike o ka maʻi | Nā hana kāohi |
---|---|---|---|
ʻO Coccomycosis | Mid Iulai - hopena o ʻAukake | ʻO ke ʻano o nā kiko ma nā lau. Lau heleleʻi. | ʻEhu: 2 ml o "Skor" i kahi bakeke o ka wai; 3 g "Horus" no ka bākeke wai (i ke kauwela); |
Moniliosis (hua pala) | ʻO ke kauwela holoʻokoʻa, i ka wā pua. | Hōʻike ia iā ia iho ma nā wahi kukui a hoʻomaka i ka pala. | 2 ml "Topaz" i kahi bākeke wai; 3 g o Horus no kēlā bākeke wai. |
Maʻi ʻo Clasterosp hall (kiko perforated) | Ke kauwela holoʻokoʻa | ʻO ke ʻano o nā kiko ma nā lau, e lilo ana i mau lua. | 25 g "Ridomila" no ka bākeke wai. Ka hana ʻana i nā pūnaewele ʻoki me vitriol. |
Inoa Pest | Manawa helehelena | Hōʻikeʻike pest | Nā hana kāohi |
---|---|---|---|
Lele Cherry | Mei a Iune | Nā ilo liʻiliʻi ma nā hua. | 10 ml "Fufanon" i kahi bakeke o ka wai; 2.5 ml "Kinmix" no ka bākeke wai. |
Weevil Cherry | Mei a Iune | ʻO ke ʻano o nā mākia ma nā pua. | 8 g "Aktara" no kahi bākeke wai; 50 ml "Lepidocide" i kahi bākeke wai. Ke puhi nei i nā lau i hōʻino ʻia. |
Pulelehua kī ʻo Cherry | I Mei | ʻO ka helehelena ma nā pua. | 1.5 g "Confidor" no kahi bākeke wai. |
Cherry aphid | Mei a Iulai | Ke loaʻa nei nā aphids ma nā lau a me nā pedicels. | 10 ml "Fufanon" i kahi bakeke o ka wai; Noi: e mālama i 200 g o ka wai kālika i ka wai no 20 mau minuke. |
He kūleʻa maikaʻi loa kahi ʻano maikaʻi loa me ka hapanui o nā mea aloha lāʻau hua, ma muli o kona ʻano kupaianaha... ʻO ka mālama kūpono ʻana i nā cheri e hāʻawi i nā hua ono i nā mea aloha āpau o ka ʻano me kahi makana kūpono.