Nui ka poʻe e noho ana i nā kaiāulu e hana nei i ka hānau lāpaki. ʻO ka hapa nui e hoʻolako i ko lākou ʻohana i kaʻiʻo hou. Hoʻohui ʻia, he meaʻai ka ʻiola lāpaki a hōʻike ʻia ia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā maʻi he nui, a me ka meaʻai pēpē. ʻAʻole pālahalaha nui ka hānau ʻana o ka lāpaki ma ke ʻano he ʻoihana.
Akā ʻo kēia wale nō ka ʻoihana e hiki ke hoʻomaka me nā koina liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka momona holoholona, ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe o kaʻiʻo a me ka hoʻokūkū haʻahaʻa he mau mea nui ia o kahi kūlike, loaʻa kiʻekiʻe mai kēia hana. Me kahi mākaukau a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, hiki i kēia ʻoihana ke kikoʻī i ka mea e lawe iā ʻoe i kahi loaʻa paʻa a kiʻekiʻe.
I kēia ʻatikala, e nānā mākou i ka mahi ʻana o ka lāpaki ma ke ʻano he ʻoihana, kahi e hoʻomaka ai a pehea e kūleʻa ai.
ʻO ka mahiʻai lāpaki ma ke ʻano he ʻoihana maikaʻi: nā mea maikaʻi a me nā mea maikaʻi ʻole
Loaʻa nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā hōʻoluʻolu i kēlā me kēia hana ʻoihana. ʻAʻohe ʻē aʻe ka hoʻoulu lāpaki. ʻO nā mea maikaʻi o kahi mahiʻai mini me:
- Nā kumukūʻai kālā haʻahaʻa no ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kahi ʻoihana.
- ʻO ka momona kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole ia e koi i ke kūʻai ʻana o nā holoholona ʻōpio.
- Ka palena iki o nā palapala no ka hui.
- Nā kumukūʻai mālama haʻahaʻa.
- ʻO ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o kaʻiʻo.
- Kūʻai kūʻai ākea.
- Hoʻokūkū haʻahaʻa.
- ʻO ka loaʻa kālā hou aʻe mai ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā ʻili a me ka manure.
Nā mea maikaʻi ʻole:
- ʻO ka maikaʻi ʻole i ka hānau ʻana o ka lāpaki ka maʻalahi i nā maʻi maʻi a i ka manawa like o ka make ʻana.
- Nā koi hoʻomaʻemaʻe koʻikoʻi no ka mālama a me ka hānau ʻana.
- Ke kākau inoa ʻana i nā palapala pili.
Nā ʻaoʻao hoʻonohonoho a me nā loio
He aha ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻonohonoho ai - kahi mahiʻai lālā pilikino, kahi ʻoihana ʻana a i ʻole kahi mahiʻai?
Pono e hoʻokumu ʻia kekahi ʻano hana a uku ʻia ka ʻauhau. He mea maopopo inā aia he 20-30 mau lāpaki ma ka mahiʻai, a laila ʻaʻole pono kēia no ka ʻai pilikino a me ke kau inoa. Pili ka koho o ka palapala i ka helu o nā holoholona a me ka nui o nā limahana ma ka mahiʻai. E nānā pono i nā palapala hoʻopaʻa inoa:
- LPH (mahiʻai lālā pilikino).
- SP (pākahi entrepreneurship).
- KFH (mahiʻai mahiʻai).
LPH
Kūpono no kahi mea pāʻoihana novice. Ke hoʻomaka nei me kahi hoʻokele waiwai pilikino ma kou ʻāina, he nui nā manawa kūpono iā ʻoe e ulu ai. PKe mālama nei i kēia ʻano hana, ʻaʻole uku ʻia nā ʻauhau, akā no ka hana ʻana i nā hana hoʻokele waiwai, pono ʻoe e hāʻawi i kahi palapala hōʻoia no ka loaʻa o kahi kahua ʻāina. Ke kūʻai aku nei i kaʻiʻo ma o nā mākeke a i kāu mau hoaaloha.
He aha ka hāʻawi o ka hoʻopaʻa inoa IP?
Me kēia palapala, e hiki nō ke wehe i kāu hale kūʻai ponoʻī no ke kūʻai aku ʻana i ka ʻiʻo. A hoʻolako pū iā lākou i nā wahi kūʻai kūʻai ʻē aʻe. Koi aku ka mea kālepa i ka ʻauhau. Ma kēia pilikia, pono ʻoe e hoʻokaʻaʻike i kāu keʻena ʻauhau kūloko no ka wehewehe ʻana, no ka mea ke loli mau nei ke kānāwai i kēia mea.
Me ʻoe e pono ai:
- Palapala mahiʻai.
- Loaʻa i kahi ʻōlelo GOST-R.
- Hoʻopuka i kahi palapala hemtosanitary.
Inā ʻaʻohe ʻike moʻohelu kālā, a laila pono ʻoe e hoʻolimalima i kahi loea e mālama i nā moʻolelo. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka hana ʻana me nā puke hana nui.
Mahiʻai mahiʻai
Hāpai i kekahi ʻano hana mahiʻai. Ua like ia me ka ʻoihana, koe wale no kekahi mau helu:
- he mau luna hoʻomalu paha me nā kuleana like;
- ʻaʻole koi ʻia kahi palapala kū kānāwai a kūʻē hoʻi.
I ke kumumanaʻo, hana ʻia kēia ʻano hana e loaʻa nā kōkua like ʻole a me nā pōmaikaʻi mai ka mokuʻāina, ʻaʻa wau e ʻōlelo, paʻakikī e loaʻa.
E mākaukau e hoʻoponopono iā ʻoe iho i nā pilikia.
No laila ka hopena, inā ʻaʻohe ou hana ma kahi pālākiō ʻoihana, a laila ma mua he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka noho ʻana i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā kipi pilikino.
Ke ʻano o ka ʻauhau
ʻElua ʻano ʻauhau no ka ʻāpana mahiʻai. Heʻike maʻalahi kēia, kahi e hoʻemi ai ka uku kālā a me ka mahiʻai maʻamau. ʻO wai ka mea kūpono iā ʻoe, hiki iā ʻoe ke noi no nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo mai kahi kanaka e hana nei i ka moʻohelu kālā. No ka mea pili ia i ke ʻano o ka hana, ka helu o nā limahana a me ka nui o ka hana.
Ke hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana, e hāʻawi ʻia ʻoe i kahi pāʻālua OKVED me ka pāʻālua - А.01.25.2. ʻO kēia ke ʻano: hānau lāpaki a me nā holoholona hulu i kahi mahiʻai. ʻAʻole komo kēia code i ka ʻiʻo a me nā ʻili o nā holoholona i loaʻa i ka hopu holoholona ʻana a i ʻole ka hei ʻana.
Pehea e hoʻomaka ai i nā holoholona?
Hoʻomaka kekahi ʻoihana me ke aʻo aʻo. E aʻo i nā mea āpau e pili ana i nā lāpaki hānau: ka hānau ʻana, nā kūlana hale, ka hānai ʻana, nā maʻi a me nā mea hou aku. E noi i nā mea hānai ʻike no ka ʻōlelo aʻo. E aʻo i nā ʻōkuhi no nā lāʻau, e like me Solicox.
E noʻonoʻo e pili ana i nā hale nā manu e mālama ai nā holoholona. He aha ke ʻano o ka ʻai hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou. Ma kahi o ka ʻāina hea e kūkulu ai ka paʻakikī. E heluhelu pū hoʻi e pili ana i nā ʻano lāpaki āpau a noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka mea e ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi no kāu e hana pū ai. E aʻo i ka mākeke kūʻai.
E haʻalele i nā kāne no ka haʻalele male mai kēlā mau mākua i loaʻa nā ʻōkuhi ʻoi loa.
ʻO nā hānau maikaʻi loa no ka hānau ʻana
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e koho i nā ʻano no ka hānau ʻana i nā mea hiki ke kū i ko mākou kūlana Lūkia a ʻaʻole koi nui i ka mālama ʻana i nā kūlana. I kēia hihia, e pōmaikaʻi ke komo ʻana i ka lāpaki lāpaki.
Māhele ʻia nā ʻano lāpaki no ka hānau ʻana i:
- ʻiʻo;
- ʻiʻo a me ka ʻili;
- downy
Aia kekahi mau lāpaki hoʻonaninani, akā mālama ʻia lākou e like me nā holoholona.
- Lāʻau ʻiʻo.
Nā lāpaki ulu wikiwiki. Loaʻa iā lākou ke kaupaona kiʻekiʻe ma nā mahina ʻeono. Me ka mālama kūpono e 4 mau mahina, hiki ke kupapaʻu mai 2 a 3 kg.
- ʻIli ka ʻiʻo.
Nā lāpaki kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i ka ʻili a me kaʻiʻo.
- ʻO Downy
Nā lāpaki me ka palupalu nani i hoʻohana ʻia e ka poʻe he nui e hana i nā lole.
Flanders
Pili lākou i ka lāhui iʻa. ʻO kēia mau lāpaki ka nui loa. Hiki i ka lōʻihi o ke kino i 70 cm.ʻO ke kaumaha o ke kanaka makua a hiki i 10 kg. Hoʻohana ʻia nā Flanders no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā ʻano ʻiʻo nui.
Nui nā pepeiao ākea a ākea nā lāpaki. Kino, ʻili kino. Mālie, ʻiʻo palupalu. ʻO ke kala o ka hulu e like me ke ʻano o ka kangaroo a i ʻole ka beaver. Kaulana nā Flanders me nā mea hānai ma muli o ke ʻano kaulike a me ka mālie.
Akā loaʻa kēia drawbacks i kēia laha. Pono lākou i nā pā nui, akā mālama maikaʻi ʻia i nā pā. ʻAi lākou i ka meaʻai he nui. ʻAno pala ʻo nā lāpaki. Ua paʻakikī pinepine lākou i ka hānau hānau. Akā inā ʻoe e hana i nā kūlana kūpono no lākou, a laila hiki ke hānai no ka loaʻa kālā.
Mālama i kāu moʻokāki. Hoʻopaʻa i ke kaupaona, ʻili o ka ʻili, a me nā lāpaki e ola nei. Ehia mau pēpē e lawe mai i kēlā me kēia lāpaki
Aotearoa
Pili lākou i kaʻiʻo. ʻO ke kaulike kaulike o kēia mau holoholona a hiki i 5 kg. Keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Kākoʻo kino me nā mākala hoʻomohala maikaʻi. ʻO ke poʻo liʻiliʻi me nā pepeiao kū pololei. Iwi kuamoʻo i hoʻomohala ʻia. Paʻapū ka kupapaʻu me ka momona ʻole.
ʻO nā lāpaki o kēia lāhui momona a hana waiū. He ala lākou e hānai ai i nā pēpē he 12. Piʻi wikiwiki nā lāpaki a hiki ke kau i 3 kg ma 3 mau mahina. ʻOiai aia he huluhulu paʻa ma nā kapuaʻi o ka wāwae, hiki nō ke hoʻomau ma ka ʻupena. Malie a kaulike.
ʻO Ram
Pili lākou i kaʻiʻo. Ua loaʻa ka inoa o ka lāhui mai kona mau pepeiao pepeiao loloa. Lā nui. Ka lōʻihi o ke kino a hiki i 70 knm. Ke kaupaona 7-8 kg. ʻO ka ʻili velevet i nā aka like ʻole. Iho, kino ikaika. ʻOno loa o ka ʻiʻo. ʻAno pala ʻo nā lāpaki. Lawe mai i 9 mau lāpaki. Malie Koi ʻia ka mālama pepeiao maʻamau.
Pili pū ka ʻiʻo:
- - pilikua keʻokeʻo;
- - pilikua hina;
- - Kaleponi.
Keʻokeʻo
He lunamakaʻāinana kaulana o ka lāhui downy. Nā kala like ʻole: keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele a me ka uliuli. ʻO 4 kg ke kaulike kaulike. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino 55 cm. Lawe ʻia nā lāpaki 7. Hoʻohui ʻia ka fluff mai 700 gr a 1000 gr.
Angora
ʻO ke kaumaha o ke kino 3 kg. Lawe ka bunny i 6 mau bunnies. Ulu lohi lākou. Mālama nui ʻia ma ka home. Koi i ka mālama nui ʻana no ka ʻili. ʻOliʻoli, ʻano pāʻani.
ʻEleʻele-ʻeleʻele
Pili lākou i ka ʻiʻo a me ka ʻili. He ʻili maikaʻi ko lākou a me ka ʻono momona a palupalu hoʻi. Lāpaki Hardy. Lawe ka bunny i 8 mau bunnies, ke ulu ikaika nei.
Hōʻalo i ka pili pili. ʻO nā keiki i loko o ia mau hihia e liʻiliʻi, hānau ʻia me nā kīnā a nāwaliwali hoʻi.
Puʻupuʻu
He kala hoihoi ko lākou. Ma kahi keʻokeʻo, ua like nā kiko me nā ʻēheu o nā butterflies. Nā kiko o nā aka like ʻole: polū, melemele, ʻeleʻele a hina. Lāpaki momona loa. Kūpono no ka mālama ʻana i ke aniau Lūkini. Ili nani a me ka ʻiʻo ʻono.
Soviet
ʻO ka mea mua, he ʻalani uliuli hina hina ko lākou. Ke ulu wikiwiki nei. Lawe mai i 8 mau lāpaki. ʻO ka nui o nā mākua mai 5-8 kg.
Hoʻonohonoho i kahi o ka paʻa
Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka mahi ʻai lāpaki.
- Pākuʻi ʻia.
- Kelepona.
- Shedovy.
- Wahi a kā Mikhailov ʻōnaehana.
A i kēia manawa e pili ana i kēlā me kēia hana i nā kikoʻī.
ʻO ka lua o ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana ka mea kahiko loa. ʻO kēia ala kokoke i nā kūlana kūlohelohe a loaʻa iā ia nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā hōʻino ʻole. ʻO nā mea maikaʻi o kēia ʻano hana:
- hoʻonohonoho o kahi lua mai nā mea i loaʻa;
- ke hoʻomaka ʻoe i mau ʻohana ma loko, loaʻa iā mākou kahi hua nui, olakino;
- mahuahua ke kakahiaka nui;
- hoʻomaʻemaʻe lua lua;
- ke kiʻi ʻana i nā holoholona olakino ma muli o ko lākou nohona ʻeleu;
- ʻaʻohe pilikia me ke olakino holoholona;
- wahi mālama, i ka lua 2 * 2, a hiki i 200 mau kānaka ke mālama ʻia.
No nā mea maikaʻi āpau, loaʻa nā maikaʻi ʻole o ka ʻike i ka lua.
- pālahalaha nā maʻi i nā holoholona āpau;
- ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka lua kahi hana paʻakikī;
- ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohua ʻana i nā ʻano nui a me ka hulu waiwai i nā lua;
- pili pili pili, liʻiliʻi nā holoholona i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa;
- he paʻakikī ka hopu ʻana i ka holoholona.
Eia nō naʻe, me ke ala kūpono i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka lua, hiki ke hoʻohana i kēia hana no ka hānai holoholona.
ʻO ka male ʻana i ka wā ʻōpio ke hoʻopōʻino i ke olakino holoholona.
Lua lua:
Koho mākou i kahi maloʻo me ka pili ʻole o ka wai o ka wai. Kūpono kahi lua o 2 * 2 m no nā holoholona 200. Ke ʻeli nei mākou ma kahi o 1.5 m ka hohonu. Loaʻa kēia i ka ʻeli ʻana o nā holoholona i nā lua ākea a hiki ke ʻeli i kahi ala i luna. I mea e pale ʻole ai i kēia, e hoʻoikaika i nā paia me ka hei, brick a papa paha. E hamama mau ana ka paia. He pūnana i loko ona. E hoʻomaka i nā mink mai lalo, e hana i kahi kaumaha 20 cm.
E ninini i kahi papa one o 20 cm ma lalo, a e hoʻolako i kahi pākaukau a i ʻole papa papa ʻia ma luna. Uhi ʻia me ka mauʻu a pulu paha a hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻokahi i ka pule.
Makemake ʻia e hana i kaupaku ma luna o ka lua. I mea e pale ai i ka wela nui, mai uhi i nā pale metala. E hana pono i ka paipu no ka holo o ka ea.
Hoʻonohonoho i nā kukui uila i ka hoʻoilo. E hoʻolako pono i nā mea inu a me nā mea hānai i lawa nā lumi o nā holoholona no kēlā me kēia. ʻO ka hope, hoʻopuni i ka wahi me ka pā.
ʻO ka hana nā hīnaʻi manu ka mea i makemake nui ʻia i waena o nā mea hoʻohua lāpaki. ʻO nā paia o ka ʻaoʻao a me nā paia i ka papa lāʻau. Ua uhi ʻia ke kaupaku, ka papahele a me nā puka i ka hei. I nā anuanu anuanu, hiki i nā hīnaʻi ke lawe ʻia. I ke anuanu o ke anuanu, hoʻoili ʻia lākou i nā lua a i ʻole kahi lumi insulated.
Hiki ke hoʻouka i nā lālani he nui ma luna o kekahi me kekahi. Aia kekahi mahele a me ʻelua ʻāpana. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻelua no nā lāpaki, kahi e pūnana ai kahi keʻena, ʻo ka lua ka ʻai.
Ka nui o nā ʻāpana ʻāpana hoʻokahi:
- lōʻihi - 110 knm;
- laula - 60 cm;
- kiʻekiʻe - 60 cm.
ʻĀpana ʻelua:
- lōʻihi - 150 cm;
- laula - 60 cm;
- kiʻekiʻe - 60 cm.
Mālama ʻia nā ʻōpio no ka momona momona i nā hīnaʻi a i ka lōʻihi o 3 m. ʻAʻole koi ʻia ka kanu ʻana i ka mānoanoa. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o nā holoholona i loko o ka pā, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe ke kaupaona.
ʻImi i loko o nā hale hoʻoluhi ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻike pūnaewele. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā hīnaʻi i ka lālani a hoʻolako ʻia me nā hāmeʻa e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana o nā holoholona. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā lua i hoʻokahi, ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau ʻāpana ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka aisle.
Hoʻoikaika i nā pā huki no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wikiwiki ʻana o nā pā. Lawe ʻia ka manure ma ke alaloa ma nā trolleys a i ʻole wehe ʻia ka mīkini. Ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia nei nā mea inu aʻa. Nā Mea Hana Hou.
No laila, mai nā ʻumi a i kekahi mau tausani mau holoholona i mālama ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻia ka mea i ninini ʻia i ka hapanui o nā hihia e nā mahiʻai a me nā mahiʻai nui. Kaukaʻi ʻia i nā aniau, hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā lua ma lalo o nā kahe a i ʻole nā lumi paʻa me ka ea.
Wahi a kā Mikhailov ʻōnaehana. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka ʻōnaehana e Academician Mikhailov. ʻAe kēia hana iā ʻoe e hānai i nā lāpaki i nā pāmu mini kūikawā. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ia no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā lāpaki ma kahi pae hana. Hiki ke mālama i kahi holoholona nui i loko o lākou. I ka manawa like, lawelawe ʻia lākou e ʻekolu a ʻehā mau kānaka.
Wahi a kēia ʻano hana, mālama ʻia nā holoholona i waho ma nā mahina ʻai lāpaki. Aia nā mea āpau āu e pono ai i ka mahiʻai mini. Mahana ia i ke anuanu, anuanu i ka wela. Hāʻawi ʻia nā holoholona i ka wai a me nā meaʻai a puni ka uaki.
ʻAʻole makemake nā lāpaki e hoʻopilikia hou ʻia, a ʻo ka mahiʻai mini hoʻomohala ʻia no nā lāpaki a Mikhailov e ʻae iā lākou e hānai a hoʻoinu me ka hopohopo ʻole
Loaʻa wikiwiki nā holoholona i ke kaumaha a olakino holoʻokoʻa. Kāhea ʻia lākou he poʻe holo wikiwiki ʻo Mikhailov. Mai kānalua - ʻaʻole kahi hoʻoulu wikiwiki kahi ʻano, akā he lāpaki i hānai ʻia e kahi hana kūikawā. ʻO kahi ʻōnaehana pipiʻi, no ka mea kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai o nā hunaola, akā inā ʻoe e hana iā ʻoe iho, hoʻemi ʻia nā kumukūʻai. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana e ʻae iā ʻoe e pakolu i ka wikiwiki. A laila, e nānā pehea e hana ai i nā hīnaʻi no nā lāpaki me kā mākou mau lima iho e like me kā Mikhailov.
Pehea e hana ai i kahi hīnaʻi e like me ka hana a Mikhailov me kou mau lima ponoʻī e like me ke kiʻi me nā ana?
Aia ka mahiʻai i nā lumi ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa iā ia:
- - keʻena pūnana;
- - no nā holoholona ʻōpio;
- - kaupaku;
- - hoʻomehana no ka pūnana;
- - nā mea hānai;
- - mea inu.
Kūkulu ʻia ka pūnaewele i nā ʻanuʻu he nui:
Kū ka pae mua. Kau ia ma nā pou ʻehā. Hana ʻia nā mea i luna o nā kaola paʻa. Hana ʻia nā kākoʻo o ka papa kiʻekiʻe i nā kaola.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi papa kū e kākoʻo i ke ʻano. Loaʻa iā ia nā compartments no ka pono uila a me ka mālama pono ʻana i nā pono hana. Loaʻa iā ia kahi alapiʻi a me kahi barela feces. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e hōʻiliʻili iā ia mai nā mea pono ʻole. Ma lalo nā kiʻi o kahi hīnaʻi no nā lāpaki me nā ana e like me ka hana Mikhailov.
Aia ka papa waena ma ke kū. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia no ka hele wāwae holoholona a me ka hale hānau makuahine. Me ke kōkua o nā racks, kau ka pae i kahi kākoʻo. ʻO nā ana o nā ʻūlū he 2 * 10 cm. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina, uhi ʻia ka lua me ka ʻupena. Loaʻa i ka makai ka puka aniani 250 * 250 mm. Ma kēia papa aia kahi hei no ka kaohi a me ka jigging, a me kahi puʻuhonua.
Māhele ʻia ka mahiʻai i nā ʻāpana he nui. Aia ka lua o ka bunker a me ka mea inu ma ka ʻāpana hele. Hana ʻia kahi mahele 20 * 30 cm mai lalo. Alakaʻi ia i nā mines pitch. Tilted 100 mm i ka akau. I kēia ua hoʻohui ʻia me ka ʻāpana haʻahaʻa ma ka papahele mua. Huli ʻia ka papapa i 45 °. Hana ʻia ka pale ʻana mai nā ʻiole i nā kaha hao.
Ma ka lalo he mau slats 2 * 45 cm. Hāʻule ʻo Poop i nā āpau a maʻemaʻe mau ka pā.
Aia i loko o ka hoʻolālā kahi paipu no ka ea. Pale kēia i nā ʻenekini mai ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i loko.
I loko o ka ʻāpana pūnana, hana ʻia kahi puka e pelu i hope. Ke hāmama ia, hana ia i pākaukau no ka hana pū ʻana me nā pēpē. He papahele paʻa ko kēia keʻena. Ua haʻahaʻa iki i ka pae. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā paia o waho. Ua pani ʻia ka manhole e kahi ʻike mai ka ʻaoʻao hema.
Ma muli o ka hemo ʻana o ka rama a ka makuahine, aia nā hemahema ma nā ʻaoʻao. I mea e pale ai i nā holoholona mai ke komo ʻana i kēia lua, ua uhi ʻia lākou me nā papa. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana i kahi mea hoʻowali kope e ālai i ka pūnana. Hana ʻia ka puka i ka lāʻau.
Ma ka papa kiʻekiʻe e ulu ana nā lāpaki. Hana ʻia kahi ʻāpana ʻokoʻa no ke kāne. Kū ʻo ia i ke kino.
Aia ka pahu wai ma waena o nā keʻena ma ka paia o mua. Komo pono ka hamo iā ia mai nā ipu ʻē aʻe, aia ma waho ma ka paia o ka lumi hele.I mea e mahana ai ka wai i ke anuanu, hoʻomehana ʻia e kahi paila.
Aia kekahi waihona hopper e pili ana i ka mea inu. Ua hoʻohui ʻia kahi mea hoʻohana iā ia. Ke ʻākoakoa nā lāpaki i ka mauʻu, ninini ʻia nā ʻūpā i loko. Hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia nā ʻōpala. E pelu ana ka luna o ka ipu. Ke pono ʻoe e hoʻokomo i ka ʻāpana aʻe o ka hānai, wehe ʻia.
No ka mauʻu a me nā mea kanu aʻa, aia nā mea hānai ma waena o nā papahele. Hoʻokomo ka poʻi kaumaha i ka hānai i lalo.
ʻO kahi hoʻolālā paʻakikī, akā ke kūkulu nei i hoʻokahi me kou mau lima ponoʻī, e maʻalahi ke koena. Ma hope o kou hoʻāʻo ʻana ma ka hana, hoʻoili i ke koena o nā holoholona i ia mau hīnaʻi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i loko o ia mau hīnaʻi maʻalahi ka hana ʻana me nā holoholona, a ʻo lākou, ʻoluʻolu.
E kamaʻilio hou aʻe e pili ana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kahi mahi lāpaki.
Hui hoʻonohonoho mahiʻai
ʻAʻole koi ʻia kahi ʻae kūikawā no kāna kūkulu ʻana. ʻO ka mea nui ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi pālaha ʻāina a me kahi hoʻolālā ʻoihana mākaukau me nā helu. He mea nui ia aia kēia pūnaewele ma kahi mamao mai nā hale noho, e nīnau i nā luna kūloko e pili ana i kēia. Eia kekahi, pili kēia i nā mahiʻai, ʻaʻole kahi home o 10-20 poʻo.
Koho i kahi no kahi mahiʻai ma kahi puʻu a i ʻole me kahi pali. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka wahi holoʻokoʻa, pono e asphalted a i concreted paha. Hana pū i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokahe wai.
Ma ke ala, pono e hoʻomanaʻo e hiki i nā lāpaki ke maʻi. A pono ʻoe e ʻike i nā kumu o ka bloating i nā lāpaki, nā ʻōuli o ka myxomatosis a me ka coccidiosis.
I mea e loaʻa ai ma kahi o 1000 mau kupapaʻu o kaʻiʻo i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻo ka wahi mahiʻai ma kahi o 1000 mau mika kūlike o ka ʻāina. He aha e kau ai ma ka pūnaewele:
- Kahe - 3 mau ʻāpana (360 sq.m.).
- Pono e kiʻi ʻia i ka hale kūʻai hope e ke kaʻa (200 sq.m.).
- Kahe i kahi e mālama ʻia ai nā pono hana a me nā pono hana (50 sq.).
- ʻO ka lumi Slaughterhouse a me nā pahu hau (50 sq.m.).
- Tahu manure (30 sq.m.).
- Nā ala no ka hele ʻana o nā kaʻa kauō.
Nā Kūkulu
Mālama ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hale hoʻolei i ka manawa no ka mālama a me nā mea kūkulu. Hoʻokomo mākou i ʻelua mau papa o nā pūnaewele. Hana i nā puka aniani 20 * 100 cm ma nā paia hope.
- loa 20 m;
- kiʻekiʻe 2 m 40 knm;
- hele ākea 1 m 40 cm.
Nā Kelepona
Pili nā pūnaewele i nā nui i hāʻawi ʻia ma lalo, a laila hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou no nā kāne, wahine a me nā holoholona ʻōpio.
- lōʻihi 1m 30 cm;
- laula 70 knm;
- ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paia i mua 55 cm;
- kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka paia 40 cm.
Hana ʻia ka pali o ka hale no ka hemo maʻalahi o ka manure. Hana i nā pale e like me nā papa.
Ke hana nei i nā pā, e hoʻohana i kahi hei galvanized me ka nui o 18 * 18, 20 * 20, 16 * 48 mm.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kahu hānai hei ma waena o nā hīnaʻi. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea inu a me nā mea hānai ma lalo o ka hānai manu. No nā wahine, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pā i nā pūnana pūnana a me nā ʻāpana hānai.
Kūpono kēia lua i 60 mau huna. I loko o ka makahiki, hiki ke ulu 400 a ʻoi paha nā poʻo ʻōpio.
Hale kūʻai hānai
Ma ka mahiʻai, pono ʻoe i kahi hale kūʻai hānai. Mālama kēia lumi i ka hānai pūhui, palaoa a me ka palaoa crusher. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kau i ka granulator a hoʻomākaukau i kāu hānai ponoʻī.
E hoʻokaʻawale ʻokoʻa i kahi lua no ka mālama ʻana i nā pono hana a me nā pono kūkulu.
Hale pepehi a me nā pahu hau
ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hana luku ʻana i nā lumi kūikawā. No laila, kau i kahi hale luku i ka mahiʻai. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi inā hoʻopili ʻoe iā ia i kahi lumi me nā pahu hau. Pono e hoʻolako ʻia ka hale make me kahi kahe o ke koko a me ka umu. E koi ʻia ka umu e hoʻā i nā ʻōpala (kapuaʻi, nā poʻo, nā ʻōpū, a me nā ʻili ʻōpala). No laila, aia kahi hana hoʻomau: ka luku, ʻoki, hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka hau. E heluhelu pehea e luku ai i ka lāpaki i kahi ʻatikala ʻokoʻa.
Luna ʻohi manure
ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e poina e pili ana i ka manure. E hoʻonohonoho i kahi lua manure ma kāu mahiʻai. E loaʻa ia i ke kihi loa. Ma kahi mamao loa mai nā lāpaki a hiki i ka luku ke hiki. Pono e hoʻopili ʻia nā paia o ka lua. ʻAʻole emi ka hohonu o ka lua ma mua o 3 m. He ākea ka lōʻihi.
ʻO Flandra a me Soviet chinchilla i hele aʻe. Me ka mālama pono o ka wahine, kaupaona hoʻokahi mahina kaupaona he 1-1.2 kg o ke kaupaona ola.
I kēia manawa e nānā i ke kaʻina ʻoihana hānau hānau lāpaki piha.
ʻOiai hānai mākou i nā lāpaki no kaʻiʻo, a laila koho mākou i ka ʻano no kaʻiʻo. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ʻole, a hānai maikaʻi ʻia a uku aku i nā ʻanoʻano: keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, pilikua hina, kālā a ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, flanders, Soviet chinchilla, Kaleponi, pēpē, hipa kāne a aia kekahi mau ʻano hou aku.
Me ka mālama kūpono, e 3-4 mau mahina ke kaumaha o ke kupapau mai 2-3 kg. ʻO ka hānau mua a me ka hoʻohua hānau. He makuahine kupaianaha ʻo Soviet chinchilla. He mālie ke ʻano a hiki ke ʻae i nā malihini.
Ua hānai ʻelua mau wahine Soviet chinchillas i nā 40 creepers, ma ke ala, he mau makahiki like ʻole lākou. Aia i ka hoʻoilo.
Kūʻai i nā holoholona mahiʻai mai nā mahiʻai kaulana. Inā hiki, e kipa i kahi hōʻike mahiʻai kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke koho i kahi mea hoʻolako.
Ke kūʻai ʻia ʻana, pono e lāʻau i nā holoholona ʻōpio i nā maʻi infectious. Ma muli o nā lāpaki nā holoholona koʻikoʻi, i mea e lawe aku ai iā lākou me ka pilikia ʻole, pono lākou e hāʻawi ʻia i nā antidepressants a i ʻole ka drip vitamin B6 ke inu nei, kahi hana antidepressant.
Pono e kanu kaʻawale nā holoholona ʻōpio i hōʻea hou mai nā mea i koe. Pono lākou e quarantined no hoʻokahi mahina. Inā maikaʻi nā mea āpau me nā holoholona, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui me ke koena.
Pehea e hoʻonohonoho ai i ka hānai ʻana i ka mahiʻai?
Inā manaʻo kekahi he hiki ke hānai i nā lāpaki me ka mauʻu a me ka mauʻu wale nō, kuhi hewa ʻo ia. No ka kūleʻa i ka ʻoihana, pono lākou i kahi hānai piha a me ka hānai ʻole ʻana me ka hānai palaoa-palaoa ʻaʻohe mea e holo.
ʻO ka ʻai Rabbit, ka mahele lāʻau i kēlā me kēia lā i ka gram
Nā holoholona nui:
- Mauʻu mauʻu - 1500;
- Nā legum - 1200;
- Nā lālā - 600;
- ʻO nā beet top 200;
- Lau lau (e hāʻawi ʻia me ke akahele) 600;
- Kāloti 600;
- Nā Beets Fodder 200;
- ʻO ka beet kōpaʻa 600;
- Turnips 400;
- ʻUala i hoʻolapalapa ʻia 400;
- Uala maka 150;
- Silo 300;
- ʻAno 300;
- ʻO ka palaoa palaoa 150;
- Nā hua lepe 50;
- Hua pala ʻaila 20;
- Bran 100;
- Nā ʻAila ʻAila 100;
- ʻAi a me ka iwi 15;
- Paakai 2.5;
- Mokuna 2.
E hoʻāʻo e pili pono i kēia mau loina. Mai hoʻonui i nā holoholona.
I mea e maʻalahi ai ka hoʻokele ʻana i ka nui o ka hānai āu e pono ai i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e ʻike i nā kiʻi aʻe, kg.
No nā wahine a me nā kāne i ka wā hoʻomaha:
- noʻonoʻo 3.50;
- mauʻu 1.20;
- nā aʻa aʻa 3.25;
- hānai ʻōmaʻomaʻo 4.50.
Nā wahine a me nā kāne i ka wā hānau:
- noʻonoʻo 4.20;
- mauʻu 1.50;
- nā aʻa aʻa 3.8;
- hānai ʻōmaʻomaʻo 5.6.
Hoʻopiʻi wahine:
- noʻonoʻo 17;
- mauʻu 6;
- nā aʻa aʻa 16;
- ʻai ʻōmaʻomaʻo 23.
Lactating wahine:
- noʻonoʻo 62;
- mauʻu 21;
- nā lau aʻa 57;
- ʻai ʻōmaʻomaʻo 83.
ʻO ka ulu ʻōpio 45-120:
- noʻonoʻo 10;
- mauʻu 3.20;
- nā lau aʻa 12.
I ke kakahiaka, hāʻawi ʻia nā holoholona i nā meaʻai momona a me nā mea ʻōmaʻomaʻo. I ka wā ʻaina awakea a me ke ahiahi - noʻonoʻo. ʻO ka inu ʻana, pono mau ka wai hou.
Lāpaki hānau
He mea nui ka hana hou ʻana i ka lāpaki i ka hānau hānau lāpaki. E hāhai iā ia e like me ka hoʻolālā. I loko o nā hale kūʻai, noho ʻia ka papa kiʻekiʻe e nā wahine a hoʻokahi kāne. Noho nā holoholona ʻōpio i nā keena i koe.
Hāʻawi kēlā me kēia lāpaki i 3 e pili ana: i ka puna, ke kauwela a me ke kauwela. Hana kēia ma kahi o 25 pēpē. Noho nā lāpaki ma lalo o ka wahine i ʻelua mau makahiki o ka makahiki. I ka hōʻuluʻulu, waiho ʻia nā poʻo 300 no ka momona. E hoʻomanaʻo i ka ʻōpala i hiki ʻole ke pale ʻia no kekahi kumu a i ʻole ʻē aʻe. Kau manuahi ʻia lākou ma nā koena o nā keena.
3 mau kahe o 60 mau huna, no ka hopena, 3 * 300 = 900 poʻo i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻAʻohe kumu o ka mālama ʻana i ka waihona puaʻa no ka hānau pono ʻana. ʻO ka hopena he waiwai nui. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi ke kūʻai aku i mau poʻo o nā waihona ʻōpio no ka hoʻoponopono holoholona ʻana.
Mālama hānai
ʻO ka hānai ʻana i nā lāpaki me nā meaʻai kalepa, e like me kou ʻike, pipiʻi. ʻAʻole hiki ke kanu i ka palaoa. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻemi i ka helu ʻai. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana i ka mea hānai pūhui iā ʻoe iho.
No kēia, e pono kahi crusher palaoa a me ka granulator. ʻAi ka lāpaki i nā palaʻai me ka makemake.
Nā kuhikuhi he nui no nā granula. Koho no kēlā me kēia:
- ʻoka, palaoa 30;
- bale, kulina 45;
- palaoa palaoa 12;
- kaka 12;
- kapelu 0.5;
- paʻakai 0.5.
Koho no nā holoholona ʻōpio:
- ʻoka, palaoa 40;
- bale, kulina 45;
- kaka 8;
- ʻai a me ka iwi iwi 6;
- ʻai iʻa 6;
- kapelu 0.5;
- paʻakai 0.5.
Koho no kēlā me kēia:
- ʻoka, palaoa 31;
- bale, kulina 32;
- palaoa palaoa 15;
- kaka 15;
- ʻai a me ka iwi iwi 3;
- ʻai iʻa 3;
- hū hydrolytic 2;
- ʻai iwi 1;
- paʻakai 1.
ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka mauʻu e lawe pū mai i nā mālama nui. Akā ʻo ka silage a me ka ulu ʻana i nā mea kanu aʻa ʻaʻole kūpono. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūʻai ʻana iā lākou.
E hoʻāʻo e mīkini i ka hana lima. ʻO ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi kaʻa kauō e kōkua nui i ka hana lima. Ma luna o ia mea hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe i ka hānai i nā Suedena, a hemo pū me ka manure. E hoʻonohonoho i kahi lako wai aunoa.
Nā kūlana Rabbit a me nā lāʻau āpau
I mea e hōʻalo ai i nā maʻi like ʻole, pono i nā lāpaki ke hāʻawi i nā kūlana hale maikaʻi.
Pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe a maloʻo nā pā. Inā lāʻau nā hīnaʻi, pono e whitewash me ka lime i kēlā me kēia ʻeono mau mahina. Ma mua o ke komo ʻana i ka malumalu, e hana i kahi kaumaha kaumaha a ninini i ka lime i loko o laila, i hiki ai i ka poʻe e hele i loko o kēia lime. I kēia ala, e desinfected nā kāmaʻa.
I mea e hōʻalo ai i ka luku nui ʻana o nā holoholona mai nā maʻi lele, koi ʻia ka lāʻau āpau. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi lāʻau ākea e kūʻē iā VGBK a me myxomatosis. Hāʻawi ʻia kēlā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau i ka puna i ka poʻe mākua, a pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā holoholona ʻōpio i kēlā me kēia ʻekolu mahina.
ʻIke o ka ʻiʻo lāpaki home
ʻOiai, hoihoi ka poʻe āpau i ke kūʻai aku i ka ʻiʻo. ʻO ka mea mua, mālama a hāʻawi i ka ʻai lāpaki i kāu mau hoaaloha, hoaloha a ʻohana hoʻi. Inā makemake lākou iā ia, mai kānalua i kekahi o ka ʻiʻo lāpaki e hele aku me kahi hū. ʻO ka barbecue maikaʻi loa mai ka ʻiola lāpaki a me ka lāpaki i hoʻomoʻa ʻia me nā champignons. No laila, hana ʻia kā mākou mea kūʻai aku ponoʻī.
He aha ka hana hou? He maʻalahi ia: nā ʻano hoʻolaha āpau. He mea nui ʻaʻole kapua ke kumukūʻai a ʻae ʻia no ka poʻe.
ʻO ke kūʻai aku ʻana i ka ʻiʻo mai ka pā ʻaʻole koi i nā ʻae. Akā inā ʻoe e hāʻawi i nā mea kūʻai aku, a laila pono ʻoe i kahi palapala veterinary.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻāʻo e ʻōlelo i nā hale ʻāina. Akā ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou e kuke i ka ʻiola lāpaki i nā hale ʻaina Rūkia, hōʻole paha lākou iā ʻoe. A laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hana pēlā, e kono i ka mea kuke e kuke i kahi ipu lāpaki a hāʻawi iā ia i kekahi o lākou. Inā holo pono ia, e loaʻa i kahi kahawai hoʻoili hoʻokumu maikaʻi. Akā, a laila e koi ʻia kahi mau ʻae.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke wehe i kāu mākeke ponoʻī a hāʻawi paha i kāu waiwai i nā hale kūʻai, mea kūʻai nui a i ʻole nā supermarkets. Akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he 1000 poʻo i kēlā me kēia makahiki a i ʻole 2000 kg o kaʻiʻo he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. ʻO ke kau inoa ʻana i kēlā me kēia makahiki e ʻai i ka hapa nui o nā loaʻa kālā.
E hoʻonā i kēia pilikia, e kāhea pololei i nā kiko o ke kūʻai aku a hoʻoponopono pākahi ʻia. Hāʻawi nā mea hoʻolako nui i kēlā mau helu i kā lākou huahana ma nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa loa... Akā he nui ko lākou nui. A hiki iā ʻoe ke hopena e haki.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hānai hou i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a me ka lohi. Ke kiʻi ʻana i nā lāpaki, e nīnau pono i nā mea i hānai ʻia ai lākou. He hopena maikaʻi ʻole nā loli hānai abrupt i ke olakino holoholona.
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻoihana ʻoihana me kahi hoʻolālā ʻoihana
ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻopukapuka mua e ʻokoʻa no kēlā me kēia. No ka mea ʻokoʻa ke kumukūʻai o nā mea kūkulu hale i nā wahi āpau. A laila, loaʻa paha iā ʻoe, e, he kaʻa kauō, a i ʻole kekahi ʻano pono. A e hoʻomaka kekahi mai ka ʻole.
Ka papa inoa o ka pono no ka hānau holoholona lāpaki:
- Nā pono hale:
- pili pili pono galvanized;
- galvanized hei;
- nā mea kaupaku;
- lāʻau.
- Kaha ʻāina:
- ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻolimalima ʻana, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi.
- Loaʻa:
- humuhumuʻinoʻino;
- ka hoʻokahe wai;
- aspphalt a paʻa paha;
- Nā koina kūkulu:
- kime kūkulu;
- Pono pono pono:
- kaʻa kauō liʻiliʻi;
- palaʻai palaoa;
- granulator;
- nā pahu hau.
- Nā lāpaki:
- ʻaʻole ma lalo o 50 poʻo.
- Inventory:
- nā mea hānai;
- mea inu.
ʻO ke kumukūʻai makahiki o ka hānai ʻana i kahi lāpaki ma kahi mahi liʻiliʻi
ʻO ka nui o ka hānai i hoʻopau ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki e ka anakahi hana i hoʻonui ʻia e ke kumukūʻai o ka hānai pūhui. E hoʻohui i kēia kālā i ka nui o nā lilo ʻē aʻe: nā pepa, nā wahie, a pēlā aku. Loaʻa iā mākou ke kumukūʻai makahiki no kēlā me kēia anakahi o ka hana.
ʻO ka mahiʻai, nona nā hale kahe he 3, he 42 nā ʻāpana hana. ʻO ia, aia he 14 mau wahine i kēlā me kēia hale kūʻai. I kēia manawa e hoʻonui i ka 42 ma ka huina o ka uku makahiki (e ʻōlelo mākou 2000 rubles). ʻO ka lilo o ka lilo makahiki i 84,000 rubles. Akā e like me kou ʻike, ʻaʻohe mea e like me nā kumukūʻai hou aʻe, no laila e hoʻohui iki i kēia nui. Loaʻa iā mākou 100,000 rubles.
Hoʻomaulia helu
ʻO ka anakahi hana he 50 kg o ka ʻiʻo (25 mau lāpaki ulu * 2 kg). No ka hapanui o ka poʻe, ʻaʻole ka ʻono o ka huahana ka mea nui, akā ʻo kāna kumu kūʻai, no laila kau mākou ma kahi o 200 rubles. I kēia manawa 200 * 50 = 10,000 rubles. Loaʻa iā ia mai hoʻokahi anakuhi hana.
I kēia manawa pono e unuhi ʻia ʻo 10,000 mai 2,000 a loaʻa iā mākou kahi loaʻa net. ʻO ia, 8,000 rubles. Pono e hoʻonui ʻia kēia nui e 42 a loaʻa iā ʻoe i 336,000 rubles o ka loaʻa kālā i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hoʻokaʻawale mākou i 12 mau mahina a loaʻa iā mākou kēlā me kēlā me kēia mahina 30,000 rubles. Lunakanawai no ʻoe iho - kahi uku maikaʻi.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kēlā uku uku ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i 4-5 mau hola wale nō o ka manawa i kahi mahiʻai mini. ʻAelike he mea maikaʻi ka mālama ʻana i nā lāpaki a me ka hana ʻana i kahi mahiʻai mai ka wana ʻaʻole paʻakikī loa. Eia kekahi, inā makemake ʻoe i mea hou, pono ʻoe e hoʻonui i nā holoholona. Ke holo ka ʻōnaehana, hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻoihana.
E like me kāu e ʻike ai, he ʻoihana waiwai nui ka ʻoihana hānau hānau lāpaki. Wikiwiki ka hāpai ʻana i nā lāpaki a uku ʻia nā kumukūʻai āpau i hoʻokahi makahiki.