ʻO nā moemoeā o kēlā me kēia kauwela o ka hoʻonaninani ʻana i kāna pūnaewele me nā pua ʻōlinolino, nā lau nahele like ʻole, nā conifers, nā ferns hanohano. Hiki i kēia ke hana i nā ʻano he nui. ʻOi loa ka hoihoi i ka hiki ke ʻohi ʻana i nā huaʻono ma kahi pūnaewele nani, mana, ikaika e lawelawe ma ke ʻano he pā ʻōmaʻomaʻo. I waena o lākou, i kēia manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka ribelaria (yoshta) - i ka poʻe maʻamau i kapa ʻia he hybrid o nā currants a me nā gooseberry, a mākou e kamaʻilio ai.
Ka wehewehe o kahi hybrid o ka currant ʻeleʻele a me ka gooseberry
ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa ka mea kanu ma waena o nā ululāʻau ululāʻau, kokoke i nā kapa o nā kahawai, nā loko, a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o nā ʻano hihiu. E like me, laʻana, Karelian gula currant, nāhelehele ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa iā ia ma ke ʻano he hopena o ka hana paʻakikī a nā mea hānai mai nā ʻāina like ʻole. ʻO nā hopena mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hua yoshta hua i ʻike ʻia i 1959 mai nā hana a nā mea hana Kelemania... No laila ka inoa, me nā huaʻōlelo Kelemania o nā huaʻōlelo currant, gooseberry.
ʻO nā hoʻāʻo e loaʻa kahi hybrid i loaʻa ʻole nā kākalaioa, e like me ka gooseberry, i mea kūpaʻa i ke ʻano o nā maʻi currant maʻamau, i lawe ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi. Hōʻike kikoʻī ʻia ke ʻano o ke kaʻina hana i nā hana a Michurin. Akā ʻo nā loea wale nō mai ka Max Planck Institute ma Kelemania, e hoʻohana ana i nā ʻano hana o ka pāhawewe, nā hopena kemika o ka hybridization mamao, ma hope o ke kanahā mau makahiki o ka hana ʻoi loa, mālama i nā gooseberry a me nā currants a kiʻi i nā ʻano mua o yoshta me ka hua paʻa, haʻi ʻia nā hōʻailona o kahi mea kanu hou. Hoʻomaka ka wā o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā hua mua i ka makahiki ʻelua o ka hoʻomohala.... ʻO ka hua nui ka mea maʻamau no nā ʻano nui i ka makahiki ʻehā o ka ulu ʻana. I Lūkia, ʻike ʻia ka hui ʻana o nā gooseberry a me nā currants i nā 1980 mua.
ʻO ka lāʻau, uhi ʻia me nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele e like me ka lau gooseberry, hiki i ʻelua mau mika ke kiʻekiʻe. Ua nele lākou i kahi honi kika ikaika. Hāʻule nā lau mai ka nāhelehele i ka hopena o ke kau. Loihi nā kumu, ʻaʻohe kakalaioa. ʻO ka helu maʻamau o nā kumu kanu mākua he 12... Hiki i nā aʻa i kahi hohonu o 50 knm. ʻO ke anawaena o ka lei aliʻi i ʻelua mau mika. Mua pua me nā ʻōpuʻu melemele ʻōlinolino. Ma waho aʻe o ka pollination ponoʻī, paipai ʻia e kanu i nā lāʻau ʻohe a me nā gooseberry ma kahi kokoke. Pōkole nā hua Fruiting, kāhiko ʻia me nā hua ʻeleʻele nui, e hoʻomālamalama ana i ka lā, me kahi aniani poni. ʻO ka hoʻomaka o ka hōʻea ʻana o nā hua mua i Iulai.
ʻAʻole oʻo nā hua i ka manawa like, kahi e koi ai i ka ʻohiʻohi ʻana he nui, kahi e hoʻolōʻihi ai i ke ola pono.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola hana o ka ululāʻau yoshta a i 30 mau makahiki ma ka kahua kanu i koho ʻia. ʻAʻole nui ka nui o nā wana e ulu ana mai nā aʻa. Hiki ke hoʻonui i kā lākou helu ma o ka hilling maʻamau. Loaʻa ka palekana o Ribelaria i nā pests he nui, nā maʻi maʻamau o nā mea kanu makua... Kūpono ʻole nā ʻano Yoshta.
ʻO nā ʻano Yoshta kaulana
Yohini
Kāhea ʻia ʻo Yohini kekahi o nā ʻano mua o ka hybrid i kali ʻia. ʻOi aku ka nānā o ka nahele kiʻekiʻe i kahi currant. ʻAʻohe ona ala o nā lau, ʻaʻole hāʻule lākou no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻO nā ʻano hua he momona nui loa. ʻO ka hua mai hoʻokahi ulu lāʻau hiki i 10 kg... Ua manaʻo ʻia kiʻekiʻe kēia i waena o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
EMB
ʻO nā ʻano mea kanu Pelekane. Kaha hohola. Piʻi ia a i ʻelua mau mika ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻAno nā hua e like me ka gooseberry. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke ʻano e kahi ʻano lōʻihi, ʻokoʻa o ka berry oʻo.hiki i ʻelua mahina.
Kalaunu
Kū i ka ʻokoʻa Swiss Yoshta. ʻO nā hua he liʻiliʻi, ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele, hoʻomanaʻo i nā currants. ʻAno hoʻolōʻihi haʻahaʻa... ʻO kona pōmaikaʻi ke kū lōʻihi o nā hua ma nā kumu me ka ʻole o ka hoʻokahe ʻana.
Rext
ʻO nā ʻano i loaʻa e nā mea hānai kūloko kūʻē nui i ka infestation tick a me nā hau hau ʻino. He awelika ka hua hua. Paipai ʻia e nā loea no ke kanu ʻana i nā wahi anuanu o Lūkia.
ʻO Moreau
Hāʻawi kahi ulu kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole ulu nui i kahi hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi o nā hua i ka nui o kahi cherry... I kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻike ʻia nā ʻano mea kanu hou ma ka mākeke seedling, e loli ana ke koho ʻana.
Ke koho ʻana i kahi ʻano yoshta no nā ʻano kanu kikoʻī, e hoʻomanaʻo i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka lā i ka mea kanu, ʻoi aku ka momona, ʻono, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻohi.
Pae ʻĀina
Kanu ʻia ka mea kanu i ka wā mua o ke kau, i ka puna. I kekahi hihia, aʻa pono ka yoshta, ulu koke ia. Pono e loaʻa i nā mea kanu kahi aʻa aʻa i hoʻomohala ʻia. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia e hoʻohana i nā lūlū maloʻo me ka ʻili shriveled, nā aʻa nāwaliwali maloʻo... E ulu lohi a ʻaʻole hāʻawi.
Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, paipai ʻia e pulu i nā aʻa ma kahi o 2 mau hola i kahi hopena i hoʻomākaukau ʻia o ka lepo momona, e hoʻopulu pono iā lākou, a pololei hoʻi. I ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana iā lākou i loko o ka lua, pololei pololei, hoʻoinu ʻia. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka compost, humus, mineral fertilizers i loko o ka lua kanu. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa i ke kanu kanu ʻana mai nā currants kahi kiʻekiʻe e pono ai ka potassium, i hoʻolauna ʻia ma mua o ke kanu ʻana. ʻO ka papa aʻe o nā mea momona no hoʻokahi mea kanu i manaʻo ʻia he ʻoi loa, kahi e pono ai i ka wā mua o ka ulu ʻana: ma kahi o 5 kg o nā meaola, 40 g potassium sulfate, 60 g o superphosphate. Aia ka lepo i loko o ka lua kanu, a puni ka mea kanu i hoʻoinu maikaʻi ʻia, palu ʻia. Hoʻolālā ka mamao ma waena o nā mea kanu ma kahi o 1.5 m. Ma waena o nā lālani e hoʻonui ʻia i 2 m.
ʻO ka lua kanu no ka yoshta e ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā currants, nā gooseberry. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka mea momona i kau ʻia i ka wā kanu. Hoʻoholo ʻia kēia e ka pono e hoʻonui i ka wahi hānai, kahi e hoʻoholo ai i ka hōʻiliʻili o ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Hana hou a mālama
ʻOkoʻa iki ke kumu o ka ulu ʻana i kahi lāʻau liʻiliʻi mai nā hana o ka mālama ʻana i nā currants a me nā barberry. Pono ʻoe e ʻike i kēlā Koi aku ʻo yoshta i ka mulching mandatory o ka pahu ma lalo o ka lei aliʻi... Pale kēia i ka mahu o ka hou, kahi e pono ai no ka ulu ʻana o ka nahele. Pono e hoʻoinu i ka mea kanu i ka nui.
ʻO kahi puʻu o ka honua i hana ʻia i ka peat, humus, lepo momona ma lalo o ka ululāʻau e kōkua i ka puka ʻana o nā wana, i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻohua.
ʻAʻole koi ka laʻalāʻau i ka ʻoki ʻana kūikawā, i lawelawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he mahi mahiʻai no ka hoʻokumu kalaunu. Ua lawa ia e hana ai i ke kūlana o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā ʻōpala maloʻo, nā mea i hōʻino ʻia.
Pane ka mea kanu i ka momona, e hoʻomaka ana mai nā lā puna i ke ʻano o nā haʻina mai ka moa moa, mullein.
ʻOki ʻoki
Kūpono no ke ʻokiʻoki i nā pana o ka makahiki i ka hoʻoilo. Ma hope koke o ka ʻohi ʻana, hoʻokomo ʻia lākou i loko o ka wai no ʻekolu mau hola. A laila hahao lākou iā lākou i loko o kahi ʻeke, pahu hau a hiki i ka hiki ʻana mai o ka puna, ke kanu ʻia lākou i ka hale kōmaʻomaʻo. Hoʻololi ʻia ka mea kanu i kahi i ka hāʻule. Hoʻohui ʻia ka laulima o ka hana hoʻolaha e nā ʻoki me ka hiki ke komo i ke kaʻina hana i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka makahiki.... ʻO kahi laʻana, i ka pūnāwai, i ʻAukake, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻoki i nā piko o nā lālā ʻaoʻao e pili ana i 20 cm ka lōʻihi. Haehae i nā lau o lalo, e mālama ana i nā mea kiʻekiʻe ma hope o ka hoʻopokole ʻana iā lākou i ka hapakolu o ka lōʻihi. Hana i kahi ʻokiʻoki liʻiliʻi ma luna o kēlā me kēia puʻupaʻa. Ma ka lalo o ka ʻoki ʻana, e hana i kekahi mau ʻoki e hoʻoulu i ka helu o ka ulu ʻana o ke aʻa. Ma hope o ka hana ʻana i ka ʻauamo me kahi mea hoʻoulu ulu, e kanu i ka obliquely i loko o ka hale kōmahana a i ʻole ma lalo o kahi leki uila. Wai nui. Inā hana ʻia ka hana i ka wā mua o ka puna, e mākaukau kahi seedling ikaika i ka hāʻule.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā ʻoki kua lignified mai nā kumu pala no ka hoʻolaha ʻana. Aia ma ka liʻiliʻi he ʻeono mau ʻōpuʻu ikaika ma nā ʻāpana 20 cm... Kanu obliquely, waiho i nā ʻōpuʻu ma luna o ka lepo. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ʻia kahi moena me nā ʻokiʻoki i hiki i kahi ʻōnaehana aʻa ikaika ke hana i hoʻokahi kau wale nō.
Papa,
Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia kēia ʻano hoʻolaha me ke kau ākea, a me ke kau ākea o nā koʻokoʻo. I ka hihia mua, i ka punawai, ʻokiʻoki ʻia ka nāhelehele kahiko āpau., mau ʻōpala a 25 cm ke kiʻekiʻe. Me ka wai mau, mālama, e like me ka nahele maoli, ʻike ʻia nā ʻōpio ʻōpio ma luna o lākou, kahi e hoʻohana ai no ka hoʻohua.
ʻO ke ʻano hana hana maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi. No ke kūkulu wikiwiki ʻana o nā mea kanu i ka wā puna, ʻelua mau makahiki, ʻo nā wana makahiki ikaika e ulu ana i ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka nahele e kaomi ʻia i ka lepo, uhi ʻia me ka lepo momona. ʻO ka luna o ka lālā e hoʻopōkole iki ʻia. Ulu ka nui o nā wana mai nā ʻōpuʻu ma lalo o ka papa luna o ka lepo momona... Hoʻomaʻu ʻia lākou i nā manawa he nui i ke kau, hānai, hoʻoinu ʻia, a hemo nā mauʻu. Mākaukau nā mea kanu ikaika no ke kanu ʻana i kahi paʻa i ka hāʻule, i ka puna aʻe.
Ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka nāhelehele
Kūpono ke ʻano mai ke kuhi o ka loaʻa wikiwiki ʻana o nā mea kanu. Paipai ʻia e hoʻohana inā pono ʻoe e hoʻololi i ka mea kanu i kahi ʻē aʻe, inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻonui i ka nui o nā yoshta bushes. No kēia, hoʻohana ʻia nā nāhelehele, ma ka liʻiliʻi ʻeono mau makahiki. I ka puna, i ka hāʻule, ʻeli ʻia ka nahele i waho loa, hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ka honua, nā aʻa nāwaliwali. Me kahi koʻi, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i nā ʻāpana i loaʻa i ʻekolu aʻa ikaika, a he mau mau lālā me nā ʻōpuʻu maikaʻi. Uhi ʻia nā wahi ʻino i ka lānahu. Kanu koke aku i kahi paʻa.
Pono kēlā me kēia ʻano hana hoʻoulu holoholona i ka mālama akahele, i ka manawa kūpono e hoʻoinu nui ai, e ʻai ana no ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi aʻa aʻa ikaika. ʻO kēia ke kī o ka ulu wikiwiki o ka nāhelehele, ke kūkulu ʻana o kahi ʻohi yoshta waiwai.
Hoʻolilo
ʻO ke kumu kūpono no ke kanu ʻana i kahi nāhelehele yoshta hua ʻo ia nā kumu aʻe:
- Kahiko ka nahele.
- Koho maikaʻi ʻole o kahiʻo kahi laʻana, ka nele o ka wela o ka lā, kahi e hōʻemi ai i ka hōʻiliʻili makahiki.
- Ka nui o Bushkeʻakeʻa ʻana i nā mea kanu, nā hale ʻē aʻe.
- Ikaika lepo hoʻopau ma kahi e ulu mau ana.
ʻO ke kauoha, ka papa inoa o nā ʻenehana agrotechnical i ka wā o ke transplantation e kūlike i ka hālāwai ʻana me nā pono o ka ulu ʻana o ka lāʻau. ʻO ka lepo momona, ka nui o ka lua kanu, kahi nui o ka mālamalama, ka hiki o ka hoʻoinu mau ʻana, pono ke mālama ʻia ke kapa luna e like me ka kanu mua ʻana. E hoʻomākaukau pono i ka nahele kanu no ka neʻe ʻana i kahi hou... Wehe ʻia nā lālā kahiko, hoʻopōkole ʻia nā ʻōpio. Ma hope o ka hemo pono ʻana mai ka honua mai, pono e mahele i ka nahele i nā ʻāpana, e kanu ana iā lākou i nā lua kaʻawale, me ka poina ʻole i ka hānai ʻana, ka wai nui.
Ma nā wahi ʻākau o ka noho ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kanu ʻana i ka puna ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka mahana maʻamau o ka mahana. Ke hoʻoulu i ka hāʻule, he mea nui e nānā i ka ulu ʻana o ka nahele, insulate ia no ka hoʻoilo.
Panina hopena
Minamina, Hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻole ka mahi ʻana ʻoihana ʻo yoshta... ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻāʻo, ʻike pinepine i nā hua maikaʻi. ʻO ka ʻenehana ulu ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana e lilo ia i kumu kūʻai a koi ʻia e like me nā currants.
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hua yoshta kahi waihona o nā wikamina a me nā mea pono e pono ai i kēlā me kēia makahiki. A hiki i nā keiki ke ʻoluʻolu, me ka makaʻu ʻole i ke kui ʻana iā lākou iho me ke kākalaioa, ʻohi i nā hua pala mai ka nahele i nā mahina kau wela.