ʻAʻohe mea pale i ke ʻano o nā pest a me nā maʻi ma nā lāʻau hua. nolaila he mea nui ia e ʻike i nā hana pale a pehea e hana ai i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole... I kēia ʻatikala, e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i nā kumu o ke kū ʻana o nā ʻelepulu wormy a pehea e hana ai i kēia maʻi.
No ke aha e puka mai ai nā ʻeloma wormy, he aha kaʻu e hana ai?
Hana pinepine ka lāʻau ʻāpala i kahi hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi, akā i waena o nā ʻumi kilokika, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia kahi hua olakino. No ke aha mai? Hōʻike ka hapa nui o lākou i nā wormholes. Hōʻike kēlā ʻano hōʻailona i ke ʻano o nā mea pests, ka mea weliweli loa ʻo ia ka moth codling, e waiho nei ma hope o nā meheu maikaʻi ʻole.
ʻO ka pulelehua ʻōpelu kahi butterfly, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 millimeter ka lōʻihi, ʻo ka weliweli nui nā ʻenuhe o ia ʻano ʻino... Hoʻomaka nā makahiki butterfly i ka waena o Iune a hala iki ma mua o hoʻokahi mahina. I loko o kēia wā, hoʻomoe lākou i nā hua ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma nā lau a me nā hua o ka lāʻau, hoʻopaʻa paʻa iā lākou i ke kākoʻo.
I ke kau, hoʻopōʻino kekahi moth a i 5 mau ʻelala, a inā hāʻule ka hua, hoʻi hou ka ʻenekia i ka lāʻau.
Komo ka ilo ma loko o ka ʻāpala ma o ka petalole a i ʻole nā ʻino mechanical i ka ʻili.
Pehea e pakele ai i nā ilo i nā ʻāpala, pehea e mālama ai i kahi lāʻau?
Nui nā ala e hana ai me nā ilo ʻāpala. Hoʻohana ʻia nā huahana he nui e like me ka prophylaxis a me ka hakakā ʻana i nā kolo i ʻike mua ʻia.
- Nā kemika - ua hōʻoia nā organophosphates iā lākou iho i ke ala maikaʻi loa. ʻO kahi manawa kūpono e hoʻohana ai ka wā e puka mai ai nā ʻenuhe mai nā hua manu. He mea nui e mahalo i nā kaulike, maʻa mau nā ana a pau i nā lepili, inā ʻaʻole e hōʻino ʻia ka lāʻau. ʻO nā laʻana o ia mau kālā ʻo Calypso, Tod, Zolon, Atom, Binom, Coragen. Eia nā akahele aʻe:
- ʻAʻole kūpono kēia ala o ka paio no nā manawa pua a me nā hua o nā lāʻau.
- Inā hoʻolālā ʻia kekahi mau hōʻailona i hoʻokahi kau, lawe ʻia lākou i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau ʻokoʻa.
- ʻAʻole pono mākou e poina e hoʻokō ʻia ka hana me nā mea ʻona, no laila pono e hoʻohana i nā mīkina lima, kahi mea hanu a me nā pono hana pale pilikino ʻē aʻe.
- Nā mea ola biological - me ka hoʻohui i nā kemika, pinepine nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā meaola. Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano o nā ʻānena hana:
- ʻO Fitoverm - ka mea makemake nui ʻia ma waena o nā māla ʻike, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i kēlā me kēia manawa a ʻaʻole ia e pōʻino i nā kānaka a me nā mea kanu.
- Lepidocide - maikaʻi i nā wā o ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana i nā lāʻau ʻōpala me nā ʻenuhe.
- ʻO Bitoxibacillin - ʻae ʻia ka hoʻohana wale ʻia i ka wā ulu.
- Ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ke kumu mai ka ʻili kahiko - pinepine pinepine nā mea kolo i ka lāʻau exfoliated o kahi kumulāʻau, no laila, i mea e pale aku ai i kā lākou hana hou ʻana, hana lākou i kēia mau hana i ka puna.
- Ke ʻeli nei i ka lepo a puni ka lāʻau ʻāpala lawelawe pū kekahi ma ke ʻano he hoʻomalu pepeke.
- Hana ʻia o nā pahele kūikawā ma nā kumu lāʻaue pale ana i ka moth e hoʻi i ka kalaunu. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, lawe ʻia kahi ʻeke, ma kahi o 20-30 mau kenimika ākea a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka māhoe ma ka pahu, ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 40-50 mau kenimika mai ka honua.
- ʻO Nowemapa Late a me ʻApelila mua pono ke keʻokeʻo ʻia ka lāʻau.
- ʻO nā ʻōpala āpau e hoʻopau maikaʻi ʻia, pili ka lula like i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā mea manawaleʻa.
- Hāʻawi ʻia i nā pechelarity o nā butterflies, makemake ʻole e pulu i kā lākou mau wāwae, i ke kauwela o nā pepeke i ke ahiahi. pono e pīpī i nā lau me ka wai.
No ka hopena maikaʻi loa i ke kaua ʻana i ka worminess ʻāpala a i ʻole no ka pale ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana i ka manawa like. E kōkua kēia ala i ka pale ʻana i ka lāʻau mai ka infestation pest.
He aha ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻeleʻele ma ka lāʻau ʻāpala, pehea e hakakā ai?
Maʻi ʻaʻai ʻeleʻele - kekahi o nā maʻi weliweli loa o nā mea kanu fungal, no ka mea inā ʻike ʻia ia i kahi pae hope loa, a laila aneane hiki ʻole ke mālama i ka lāʻau. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻike ʻia nā ʻōuli ma ke kumu lāʻau a ma nā lālā iwi ona, akā aia kekahi mau manawa ke ʻike ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻeleʻele i nā lau, nā pua, nā hua. Eia nā hōʻailona aʻe e ʻike ai i ka maʻi.
- ʻO ka pae hope loa a weliweli hoʻi e ʻeleʻele lāʻau.... ʻO ka mea mua, e ʻike ʻia nā kiko kala-ʻulaʻula ma ka ʻili, kahi e hoʻomaka ai e wāwahi i ka manawa, a laila hāʻule loa. Inā loaʻa kēlā mau hōʻailona, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻōla ʻia ka lāʻau ʻāpala.
Hoʻolahalaha iki ka maʻi i loko o ka lāʻau, a i loko o 3-4 mau makahiki e make ia.
- Nā kiko ma nā lau - ʻike mua ʻia lākou ma hope koke o ka wehe ʻana o nā lau a ʻano like me nā kiko liʻiliʻi poni ma ka piko o ka lau. Ma hope o ka manawa, ulu lākou, a ʻeleʻele ka waena, a laila ma hope o kekahi mau pule e hoʻomaka ke kino o ka fungus.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻo Pycnidia (formal fungal) i nā pōʻai concentric.
- Hoʻomaka ka lāʻau e hoʻokahe i nā lau maʻi a hiki i ka oʻo ʻana o ka hua, no laila, hoʻemi nui ʻia ka hua a hiki i nā makahiki mua o ka hōʻike ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻeleʻele.
- ʻO ka hua o ka lāʻau loli i brownish mua, ka mea i ka wā e hiki mai ana hiki ke lilo i ʻeleʻele, a ʻo nā kiko ʻeleʻele a me nā hanana fungal e hōʻike ʻia i nā lau.
- Pāleʻa ʻia nā ʻoma āpau ma nā lālā ʻoiai ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o nā lau... Ua pena ʻia lākou i ka ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ka brown.
Nā kumu o ka helehelena
- Māla kahiko - pili iki ka maʻi i nā kumulāʻau ʻōpio me ka ʻili maikaʻi. ʻO nā lāʻau ʻōpelu nāwaliwali ka mea e hoʻomohala i nā hana fungal ma luna o lākou.
- Mālama maikaʻi ʻole - pono e hoʻoinu nui i nā kumulāʻau a hānai ʻia me nā mea momona like ʻole, a i ʻole ʻaʻole lawa ka momona o ka lāʻau e pale ai iā lākou iho i ka maʻi.
ʻO ka wā weliweli loa i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ke kau i hiki mai ma hope o ka hua nui ʻana, ke ikaika nā lāʻau ʻāpala.
- ʻBurnʻula lā - hiki i ka wanaʻao puna. Inā ʻaʻole i keʻokeʻo ke kumu, a laila nalo ka uhi hau a pau, i nā lā ke aniani a hoʻomālamalama i ke kakahiaka a haʻahaʻa ka mahana o ka pō. A i ka lā, hiki i ka ʻokoʻa ka ʻokoʻa o 30 kekelē, puhi ʻia ka ʻili o nā kumulāʻau, kahi mea e hoʻonui ai i ka fungus i ka ʻāpana i poino.
- Hewa a i ʻole ʻoki mau manawa.
- Pests lāʻau ʻāpala he mau mea lawe i nā maʻi like ʻole, e like me ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻeleʻele, no laila he mea pono e pale pono i ko lākou hanana.
Pono e hoʻopili maʻalahi i nā ʻano ʻāpala i ka ʻāina, no laila ʻaʻole e lawe mai ka mahana a me ka mahana i kaʻoluʻolu i nā lāʻau.
Nā hana pale
- ʻOki ʻoki pololei - i mea e pale aku ai i ka ulu ʻana o nā maʻi fungal, pono pono e hōʻoia i ka ea maikaʻi o ka lei aliʻi ma o ka hemo ʻana i nā lālā pono ʻole. Eia kekahi, ke kāohi i kēia ʻano hana i ka ʻelemakule lāʻau a hoʻoulu i ka hua. Pono e hoʻokō ʻia i ka manawa kūpono i ʻole ʻoe e hemo i nā lālā mānoanoa. ʻO ke ʻano o nā ʻeha nui e hoʻolōʻihi ana i ka manawa e hoʻōla ai ke hoʻomaka pū i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻeleʻele.
- Disinfection o nā pono kīhāpai - i mea e lilo ʻole ai i mea lawe i kahi maʻi weliweli, holoi ʻia nā pahi a me nā mea ʻokiʻoki me kahi ʻano wai ʻona i loaʻa i ka waiʻona ma hope o kēlā me kēia hoʻohana.
- E kāpae i ka hiki o ka wai nui a i ʻole, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē, ʻā ʻana ka lā ma kahi kumu lāʻau pono keokeo i ke kakahiaka nui (ʻApelila) a me ka hopena o ke kau (Nowemapa).
- ʻOiai e hoʻomākaukau ana i ka māla no ka hoʻoilo Wehe ʻia nā lau a me nā hua i koehiki ke lilo i kumu o ka maʻi.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana olakino o nā kumulāʻau i compost a i ʻole mulch, akā ua puhi koke ʻia nā mea maʻi.
- Ma hope o ka hāʻule lau pono e mālama ʻia nā kumu lāʻau me fugnicides... Hoʻopili ʻia lākou i ke kumu a me nā lālā o ka lāʻau ʻāpala, a me nā pōʻai kumu. ʻO ka lāʻau Hom, Brodsky wai a i ʻole keleawe sulfate i hōʻoia iā lākou iho ʻoi loa.
- Mau noi o nā mea momona paʻakikī hana i ka iʻa hou resilient a oʻo.
Inā loaʻa nā hōʻailona maopopo o kahi maʻi, pono e huki ʻia nā lāʻau ʻāpel i hoʻopili ʻia a puhi ʻia i mea e pale ʻole ai i nā kumulāʻau olakino.
Ke hakakā nei i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ʻeleʻele
ʻO ka pinepine pinepine ia hiki ʻole ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia nā kumulāʻau i hoʻopili ʻia a lawe ʻia lākou, akā aia kahi ala e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻāʻo e hoʻōla i ka lāʻau ʻōpela.
He mea maikaʻi e hoʻokō i kēia hana ke loaʻa kahi wahi liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻili o kahi kumulāʻau. Hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia ka wahi maʻi me kahi pahi kīhāpai., i ka manawa like, hopu ʻia he 1-2 mau kenimika o ke kino olakino, a laila mālama ʻia kēia wahi me ka 3 pakeneka keleawe sulfate a i ʻole 5 pākēneka hao sulfate. Ke maloʻo ka ʻeha hopena, pono ia e uhi ʻia me ka varnish māla i mea e hōʻalo ai i ke ʻano o nā fungi hou i loko.
Wehe ʻia nā lālā i hoʻopili ʻia, nā hua a me nā lau ma hope koke o ka ʻike ʻanaa i ʻole e pāhola ka maʻi i nā ʻāpana olakino.
ʻO kekahi o nā mea hōʻino nui loa i ka māla hiki i ka moth apple a i ʻole crayfish ʻeleʻele. ʻO kēia mau maʻi ʻelua e hōʻemi nui i ka hua a i ʻole alakaʻi i ka make o ka lāʻau. ʻO ke ana nui no ka mālama ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i nā liona ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā wahi maʻi. a me ko lākou luku koke ʻia.
Inā mālama pono ʻoe i ka lāʻau ʻōpala a hāhai i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo āpau, a laila hiki ke pale ʻia ke ʻano o nā mea ʻino a me nā maʻi.