No ke aha e pua ʻole ai ka momi a hua ʻole? Aia nā kumu like ʻole e hua ʻole ai ka momi. E noʻonoʻo pono iā lākou ma ke ʻano.
I ka botany, pea ho'ākāka ʻia e like me ka papa dicotyledonous, pua keʻena, pua ʻākala, genus pear (Latin Pyrus). ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pahu i 20-25 m, ke anawaena o ka lei aliʻi a i 5 m.Aia ma kahi o ʻelima kaukani mau ʻano pears... Hiki i nā lāʻau kū hoʻokahi ke ola i ʻelua haneli mau makahiki. ʻO ka hua awelika o ka ʻohi ʻana i nā hua ma kahi o ʻelima tone ma ka hectare, ʻo ka nui o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana mai kahi lāʻau a hiki i hoʻokahi tone.Aia he 33 ʻano pears... Wahi a ka palekana a me ka manawa o ka ʻohi ʻana, mahele ʻia nā ʻano pears i ke kauwela, ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo.
ʻO nā kumu nui ke kumu e pua ʻole a hua ai i ka hua
ʻO ka pear kahi mea kanu unpretentious a ʻaʻole koi i kekahi kūlana kūikawā no kona ulu ʻana.
Akā, ʻoiaʻiʻo, he hopena maikaʻi ka lepo maikaʻi, nā kukui kūpono a me ka wehe ʻana o ka lepo iā ia. No laila hiki i nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole ke hoʻopili i kāna pua a me ka hua ʻana.
ʻIke ʻia e ʻaneʻane ʻo nā ʻano like o ka pears he momona ponoʻī. ʻO wau no nā pears, koi ʻia ka pollination keʻa, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ko lākou pollen ponoʻī e hoʻokumu i kahi ovary. No laila, pono ia he mau ʻano pears i ka māla.
He mea nui e noʻonoʻo i ke kūlike o ka manawa o ko lākou oʻo. Hiki ke hoʻonā ʻia ka pilikia like ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i kahi lālā o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe ma ka pea o hoʻokahi ʻano.
ʻO Frost ke kumu ʻelua, e hoʻopili ana i ka pua a me ka hua ʻana o ka pears. I kēia hihia, pono e hoʻolako i ka hopena o ke anuanu ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka mea kanu:
- i ke kakahiaka nui, ʻaʻole ʻae nā pua, nā ʻōpuʻu a me nā ovaries i ka hau, no laila, ke koho ʻana i nā lūlū, ʻaʻole pono e kūʻai i nā ʻano hema (ke ʻole, ʻoiaʻiʻo, noho ʻoe ma ka waena waena a ʻākau paha). Pono nā ʻano aloha wela i kēia mau kūlana i ka mālama hou aʻe no kā lākou pale ʻana, no ka laʻana, me nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni;
- i ka hoʻomaka o ka hoʻoilo, aia nō ka hau liʻiliʻi ma ke ʻano he insulated kūlohelohe. A ua hāʻule mua ka mahana e lawa ai nā aʻa o ka mea kanu a luku a hoʻonāwaliwali paha iā ia. I kēia mau hihia, pono ʻoe e mālama i ka pale o nā aʻa, e uhi ana iā lākou a puni ke anapuni me kekahi ʻano hoʻoluʻu (nā lau, nā lālā, nā nila);
- mai ka hau hoʻi i ka hoʻoilo hiki ke pohā ka ʻili lāʻau. I kēia hihia, ʻo ka uhi ʻana i ka poino me ka pālolo, pitch pitch, a ukali ʻia e ka wahī ʻana me kahi lole e kōkua ia;
- ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka makani ʻākau i ke kūkulu ʻākau no ka momi. No laila, ke kanu ʻana, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i kēia a loaʻa kahi wahi kūpono e pale ai no ka mea kanu (e laʻa me ka pā, ka paia, a pēlā aku.).
Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia kēlā a lawa ʻole ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana hiki iā ia ke hoʻopilikia i nā hua o ka pear. No laila, ʻoiai e pale ana i ka lāʻau mai ka makani, pono ʻoe e mālama i kāna mālamalama lawa.
Hiki ke kumu ʻia ka hua maikaʻi ʻole e ke kanu ʻana i nā kumulāʻau inept. Ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, ma kahi o ka pae o ka lepo ke kola aʻa o ka pea.
Inā ʻole, inā kiʻekiʻe ka ʻāʻī ma luna o ka honua, a laila pono e lū ʻia i ka lāʻau. A inā, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē, haʻahaʻa ia, a laila pono e ʻoki ʻia a hoʻolei ʻia ka ʻāina i oi aku.
ʻAʻole makemake ʻo Pear i ke transplant... He ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia no nā mea kanu nunui. E hōʻalo kēia i nā manawa hiki. A inā naʻe, ʻaʻole holo pono kēia, a laila pono ʻoe e mālama hou i ka pua ʻōpio, e hoʻoinu ana i ka wai lawa.
Akā i kekahi manawa, ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, ʻaʻole hua ka pear. He maʻalahi paha ke kumu o kēia - ʻo julienne.
Aia kekahi mauʻano pear e mōhala no ka manawa mua a hoʻomaka e hua i ka makahiki 10 a 15 paha o ke ola. ʻAʻohe mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana e pili ana ia mea, koe wale no ka wī ʻana iā ia i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa.
ʻO kahi pōʻino ʻē aʻe no ka pears nā mea make, ʻo kahi laʻana, keleawe keleawe. ʻOiai i ke kakahiaka nui, hiki iā ia ke hōʻino i nā ʻōpuʻu, ʻoiai me ka ʻole o lākou e mōhala.
He ʻenemi ʻē aʻe kā ka pea, no ka laʻana, ʻōpala pua ʻōpala, moth. Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki i kēia mau mea hoʻomake ke lawe mai i nā fungi me lākou ma luna o ka lāʻau, a laila hana i kahi uhi ʻeleʻele ma nā lau.
Palapala Hoʻoiho Nutrient, hiki i ke kumu o ka nele i ka hua ʻana. Hiki i ka nele o ka nitrogen ke hoʻololi i ka manure. He ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo pū kekahi e kūʻai a hoʻonui i ka lepo me nā momona phosphorus-potassium.
E like me ka pale ʻana i ka lāʻau mai ka makani, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻonui loa. Inā hoʻonui ʻia ka lepo me ka manure a me nā mea momona, hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka ulu ʻole o nā hua, akā i ka hoʻonui ʻia o nā lālā a me nā lau.
ʻO kēlā hoʻonui e hoʻonui i ka mānoanoa o ka lei o ka momi. Hoʻopilikia kēia ʻōpala hana ʻole o ka ikaika o ka lāʻau i ka ʻohi. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā hua mai kēia a hoʻemi ʻia kā lākou helu. nolaila pono ka lei o ka lāʻau i ka ʻoki mau ʻana.
I kēia hihia, ukali pinepine ia e hoʻoneʻe i nā lālā ʻōpio e ulu ana i loko o ka lei aliʻi... A ʻo nā lālā e ulu ana i kahi kihi nui e kūlou i lalo a hoʻopaʻa paʻa.
Akā ma aneʻi hoʻi, pono kahi ala kūpono a me ke ana. Hiki i ke ʻoki ʻoi loa ʻana ke hoʻopau i kahi lāʻau nāwaliwali i ʻoi aku. No laila, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i hoʻomaka nā hua kanu e hua i ka hua, pono e hoʻāʻo e liʻiliʻi.
ʻAʻole makemake ʻo Pear i ka acidity kiʻekiʻe o ka lepo, a me ka waterlogging ia. No laila, i ka hoʻoinu ʻana, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i kēia.
Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i wai papakū kiʻekiʻe loakahi e hoʻomaka ai ke pala o nā aʻa o ka lāʻau. He ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e hōʻalo i kēia pilikia ʻoiai ke kanu ʻana i kahi lūlū ma ka pūnaewele.
I ka makahiki hea ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i ka lāʻau e hua: nā ʻano varietal
ʻAʻohe o ko ka momi mau makahiki i ka hoʻomaka o ka hua ʻana. ʻO kēia mau makahiki no nā ʻano like ʻole o ka pears e loli nui - mai 10-15 mau makahiki, i nā ʻano ultra-wikiwiki o hoʻokahi makahiki.
Ma lalo iho nei ka makahiki e hoʻomaka ai kekahi mau ʻano momi kaulana e hua i ka hua, ma ka papa pīʻāpā.
- Annushka - 1-2 mau makahiki ma hope o ke kanu ʻana;
- Bergamot - no nā makahiki 7-8;
- ʻO Bere Bosc - no nā makahiki he 6-7;
- ʻO Bessemyanka - e 8-9;
- Nā Veles - no 5-7 mau makahiki;
- Victoria - no nā makahiki he 6-7;
- Williams - no nā makahiki 5-6;
- Nā keiki - no 4-5 mau makahiki;
- Duchess - no nā makahiki 5-6;
- Nani ka nahele - no nā makahiki he 6-7;
- Lemon - no nā makahiki 7-8;
- Mele - no 3 mau makahiki;
- ʻO Moʻomaka mua - no 3-4 mau makahiki;
- Nika - no nā makahiki 5-6;
- Nowemapa - no 3-4 mau makahiki;
- I ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana iā Yakovlev - no 3-4 mau makahiki;
- Petrovskaya - no 3-4 mau makahiki;
- ʻO Pushkinskaya - no 4-5 mau makahiki;
- Rogneda - no 3-4 mau makahiki;
- Lohi ʻo Rossoshanskaya - no nā makahiki 5-6;
- Siberian - no 4-5 mau makahiki;
- Kupanaha - no 5-7 mau makahiki;
- ʻ Early pala pala mua - no 5 mau makahiki;
- Waihona - no 5-7 mau makahiki;
- Nani Talgar - no 4-5 mau makahiki;
- Punahele - no nā makahiki 7-8;
- ʻO Chizhovskaya - no 3-4 mau makahiki.
Ehia mau makahiki ma ka awelika e hua ana i ka hua?
ʻAʻole hiki ke pane pane ʻole i kēia nīnau. Wahi a kēia anakahi, ʻokoʻa loa nā ʻano pear. Hiki ke hala kēia mau makahiki he 10 a 50 mau makahiki. Ma hope o ka palaho o ka hua ʻana, make koke ka lāʻau.
Heluhelu ʻo ka ʻoi loa o nā hua hua o nā lāʻau pear i manaʻo ʻia he 60-70 mau makahiki... Akā nā helu helu, ʻoiaʻiʻo, loaʻa nā hoʻokoe. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hihia i ka wā i hōʻea ai nā pears i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi haneli a me 150 mau makahiki.
I kēia manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ma aneʻi 100 mau makahiki Lemon pear ʻano like ʻole... ʻO kona lōʻihi, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻokoʻa nō hoʻi Momi maʻamau... ʻO kona lōʻihi o ke ola a hiki i 120 mau makahiki, a ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, hua ʻia a hiki i ʻelua haneli mau makahiki.
E hua anei ka momi inā ʻo ia wale nō?
Ua pane hapa ʻia kēia nīnau ma luna. Akā e ʻōlelo hou i kekahi mau huaʻōlelo e pili ana i kēia.
ʻO nā pears ka mea kanu i polline pollinated. No laila, ʻaʻole alakaʻi ke pollination ponoʻī i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi ovary. A no laila, he liʻiliʻi ka likelihood o ka hānau ʻana o nā hua i hoʻokahi pea i ka māla.
Maikaʻi i kēia hihia inā ulu ka pears ma nā hoalauna ma ka pūnaewele. Akā hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoponopono i kēia pilikia iā ʻoe ihoke kanu pū ʻana (ma kahi mamao o 3-4 mau mika) nā ʻano like ʻole o ka pears.
A inā ʻaʻole e ʻae ka nele o ka hakahaka i kēia, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i nā lālā he 1-2 o kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe ma nā ʻano like ʻole o hoʻokahi pea.
Eia nō naʻe hiki i nā ʻano momi ke hiki i ka pollination ponoʻī... He kākaʻikahi loa kēia hanana, a no laila waiwai nui. No laila, eia kekahi o lākou.
Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea: Pāʻina, Bere hoʻoilo Michurina, No ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana iā Yakovlev, Chizhovskaya, Iubilee Korneeva.
Pehea e hana ai i ka hua, ka mea e hana ai
Ma luna, i ka ʻāpana e pili ana i ke kālailai ʻana i nā kumu no ka infertility o nā pears, ua uhi nui ʻia kēia pilikia. I kēia manawa ke koe nei e hoʻohui i kēlā e hāʻawi ka hua mau o ka pears nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo aʻe:
- No ke kiʻi ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana mole no ka nui o ka oxygen, pono ʻoe e hoʻokuʻu i ka lepo ma lalo o ka lāʻau i kekahi manawa. Aloha ʻo ka peʻa iā ia a e pane me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka momona.
- I ke kauwela maloʻo, ʻaʻole e ʻeha ka hoʻoinu hou ʻana o ka pea, ʻoiai he mea kanu maloʻo ʻole ia.
- Pono nō hoʻi e hoʻoulu me ka manure, compost a me nā mea momona mineral. He maʻalahi ia e hoʻohui i kēia me ka ʻeli ʻana i ka ʻeli ʻana. No kahi kumulāʻau, ʻelima mau kilogram o ka manure i lawa i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 2 mau makahiki, a 50 gram o superphosphate.
ʻO ke koena o nā ana e hoʻonui ai i ka hua ʻana (pale ʻia mai ka hau, hilling a ʻeli ʻana, ka hakakā ʻana me nā pest pear, ka ʻoki kūpono ʻana o ka mānoanoa o ka lei aliʻi, ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻano hua kiʻekiʻe) i kūkākūkā ʻia ma luna.
He kumulāʻau hua nui a aloha ʻia ʻo Pear.
ʻO Jams, jams, compotes, jam a me nā pears maloʻo wale nō e ʻae iā ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo i ke kauwela i hala a mahalo i kēia kumulāʻau unpretentious.
Pono ʻoe e mālama iki aʻe, a mahalo ia e pane i kāu mālama me kahi hōʻiliʻili nui.