Ke koho ʻana i nā hua kukama, alakaʻi ʻia nā māla he nui e nā ʻano o nā ʻano like ʻole, e hāʻawi ana i ka makemake i nā ʻano paakiki a koi ʻole hoʻi e mālama. Ua hoʻokō ʻo Paratunka i kēia pae hoʻohālikelike.
ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā ʻano o ka ʻano kūkamo Paratunka
I ke kakahiaka nui ke kūkō hybrid, no nā lā he 40-43 ma hope o ka puka ʻana, hoʻomaka ka ʻohi ʻana. ʻO ka wā hua, ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi a me ka mālama kūpono, mau a hiki i ke anuanu loa.
He awelika ka nui o ka mea kanu me kahi lālā lōkahi. ʻO nā lau e ʻōmaʻomaʻo hohonu ana. Ma hoʻokahi lau lau, 2-3 mau hua paʻi a me kahi ʻili lahilahi i hoʻokumu ʻia, kahi e ʻike ʻia ai nā kaha melemele (hoʻokahi hapakolu o ka lōʻihi).
Hiki i ka lōʻihi o ka lau nahele 7-10 knm, ke kaumaha ka 80-100 gr... 12-16 kg hiki ke hemo mai kahi mika mika o nā moena. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻano like ʻole ka nele o ka pono o ka pollination o nā pua.
ʻO Paratunka kahi ʻano laulā kūpono kūpono no ka mahi ʻana i waho. Kūpono nā huaʻai i ka ʻai hou a me ka hoʻomākaukau no ka hoʻoilo.
Ua hānai ʻia kēia ʻano Paratunka - i ka makahiki 2006 e ka hui mahiʻai ʻo Moscow ʻo Semko-Junior.
Nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā maikaʻi ʻole o ka ʻano
ʻO ka pahuhopu o nā mea hānai ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi mea kanu me ka ikaika palekana a me kahi wā hua hua lōʻihi... ʻAʻole i hoʻokō wale nā hopena i nā mea i manaʻo ʻia, akā ua hoʻoikaika ʻia e nā ʻano maikaʻi ʻē aʻe o ka hybrid Paratunka.
Nā pono nui:
- versatility;
- ʻono leʻaleʻa me kahi leka momona (ʻaʻohe ʻawaʻawa);
- ke kūpaʻa i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole a me nā mea ʻino (bacteriosis, brown spot, powdery mildew, a pēlā aku);
- hana kiʻekiʻe;
- mālama maikaʻi i kāna hōʻike i ka wā o ka halihali;
- ka hiki ke ulu i nā wahi he nui o ka ʻāina.
Paipai ʻia ka ʻano Paratunka no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā wahi aʻe: Volgo-Vyatka, Middle Volzhsky, North, North-West, North Caucasian, Central, Central black honua.
Nā mea maikaʻi ʻole o ka hybrid ʻaʻohe pili pono, koe wale nō ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o nā hua a me nā kākalaioa ʻoi loa ma ka ʻili o nā hua.
Nā koi lepo no ke kanu ʻana
Kūkulu ʻia nā kukama ma kekahi ʻano o ka lepo, akā e loaʻa ana kahi hua kiʻekiʻe ma luna o nā momona momona (loam, loam one), i loaʻa kūlohelohe a i ʻole wahi ʻakika iki.
Ma ka lepo lepo, paʻakikī ka hiki ʻana o ka ona a me nā mea momona i ka mea kanu, no laila koi ʻia ia e hoʻowīwī iā lākou me ke one, ka peat a me ka humus (hana ʻia ka hui ʻana i nā kaulike like o nā ʻāpana). Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka waikawa ma ka hoʻolauna ʻana i ka palaoa dolomite (tuff, ʻāpala limestone) i ka wā e ʻeli ana ke kauwela.
Ke koho ʻana i kahi, e hāʻawi i ka makemake i nā pūnaewele ma kahi puʻu. Hiki i ka hanana kokoke o ka wai honua i ka ʻili o ka honua ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka pala o ka ʻōnaehana aʻa, nā hua.
Lawe nā kukama i nā mea momona mai ka lepo, no laila he ʻāpana hoʻohui o ka mālama ʻana i nā hua.
Ke hoʻomākaukau nei i ka lepo no ka lūlū ʻana pono e hoʻomaka i ke kauwela... Hoʻokomo ʻia ka manure hou i nā moena i hoʻolālā ʻia, a ma hope e ʻeli ʻia ka honua. Ma ka hoʻoilo mullein popopo, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻolālā o ka lepo, hoʻonui iā ia me nā mea waiwai waiwai (nitrogen, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, a pēlā aku.). ʻO ka nui o ka manure ma 1 m2 ma muli o ke kēkelē o ka momona o ka lepo, ma ka awelika 6-9 kg / m2 e hoʻohana ʻia.
Inā ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia ka hana hoʻomākaukau lepo kauwela, hiki ke hana i kēia i ka puna 30-50 mau lā ma mua o ka lūlū ʻana i nā hua. Ma mua koke o ke kanu ʻana, paipai ʻia e hoʻolauna humus (4 kg / m2).
Ma waho o nā mea kūlohelohe, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea momona mineral:
- superphosphate (40 g no 1 m2);
- amoniuma nitrate (15 g no 1 m2);
- ka paʻakai potash (25 g no 1 m2);
- lehu wahie (200 gr.per 1 m2).
Pono lākou e lawe ʻia i ka wā e ʻeli ana ka puna o ka honua, e hoʻonui ana 20-30 cm... Ma kēia hohonu e ulu ai ke aʻa o nā kukama.
Lula lūlū
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka mahi ʻana o nā ʻano Paratunka i nā lula maʻamau no ka mahi ʻana i nā kukama.
Hoʻohana nā māla i nā ʻano lūlū hua ʻelua:
- i ka honua ākea;
- no na mea kanu.
Hoʻomaka ka lulu pinepine ʻana ma ka waena o Mei, akā ʻoi aku ka alakaʻi o nā māla ʻaʻole ma ka manawa, akā ma nā ʻano kau.
Hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu i ka mahana o ka ea mau 22-24 kekelē, ke anakuhi ma nā lepo ʻaʻole ma lalo o 14-15 kekelē.
Ke kanu ʻana i nā lālani Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana puka aʻe:
- ʻo ka manawa ma waena o nā ululāʻau he 15-18 cm;
- ʻo ka mamao ma waena o nā lālani he 60-70 cm;
- ʻo ka hohonu o nā lua he 3 cm.
Āhea pūnana hoʻohana ke ʻano hana lūlū i ke kumumanaʻo: 50 x 30 cm.
No ka ʻohi ʻana i ka wā ma mua a pale aku i nā lūlū mai nā hau hau, ua lūlū ʻia nā ʻanoʻano i nā ipu kaʻawale (nā ipu liʻiliʻi, nā kīʻaha) i nā hale kōmahana a i ʻole ma loko o ka hale.
Hāʻawi kēia ʻenehana i nā manaʻo nui aʻe:
- kanu ʻia nā ʻanoʻano no nā mea kanu no ka mahina ma mua o ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā lūlū e wehe i ka honua;
- hoʻohana ka lepo no nā kīʻaha i ka mālamalama (ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻia e disinfected a hoʻomehana ʻia);
- pono e pulu a hoʻomehana i nā ʻanoʻano (ʻaʻole koi ʻia kēia hana no nā hybrids);
- pono e kanu i nā hua i ka lepo e 1.5-2 cm;
- ma mua o ka puka ʻana, pono ka ʻili o nā ipu uhi ʻia me ke aniani a pepa paha;
- koi ʻia ka wai i ka manawa maʻamau, akā kaulike;
- ma hope o ka puka ʻana o nā wana ʻōpio, hāʻule ke ana wela, a me 2 mau pule ma mua o ka hoʻoili ʻia ʻana i nā moena, e ʻoʻoleʻa ana nā mea kanu (pono e lawe ʻia nā ipu i waho no 2-3 mau hola).
Hoʻomohala ʻia ke aʻa aʻa o nā mea kanu, no laila pono ʻoe e hoʻolilo i ka seedling i ka lua me ke akahele me ka lepo.
Mālama
ʻO ka ʻano Paratunka no unpretentious, akā pono pono ka mālama pono ʻana i nā mea kanu.
Hoʻohinu
Paipai ʻia ka irrigation i kēlā me kēia lā 3-5 me ka wai mehana, i ka wā wela, lawe ʻia ka wai i kēlā me kēia lā. I ka manawa like, pono e kiaʻi ʻia no laila hoʻomulu ʻia ka lepo i 20-25 cm ka hohonu. I mea e pale ai i ka stagnation o ka wai, koi ʻia e hoʻohana i ka pīpī ʻana, i ka ʻōwai hoʻohehehe drip.
Weeding a hoʻokuʻu
No ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka oxygen i ke aʻa aʻa, lawe ʻia ka wehe ʻana i ka lepo i kēlā me kēia manawa. Kēia kaʻina hui ʻia me ka nāhelehele, ʻoiai ka mea e kokoke ana i ka mauʻu e hoʻonāukiuki i ke aʻa pala, ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā mea kolo i loko o nā mānoanoa. I ka hōʻuluʻuluʻana, mālama ʻia nā ʻano lapaʻau he 4-6 i ka wā ulu.
ʻO ka hānai komplementary no nā kukama
Hoʻokomo ka mea kanu i nā mea momona āpau mai ka lepo, no laila, mai ka manawa o ke kanu ʻana a hiki i ka hopena o ka manawa hua, ma ka liʻiliʻi he 3-4 mau maunu i hoʻolauna ʻia.
Ka mua e hana ma hope o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o 2-3 mau lau ma nā mea kanu. ʻO nā minelala, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kahi hui o ka urea (15 g), potassium sulfate (15 g) a me superphosphate (50 g). Hiki nō hoʻi iā ʻoe ke dilute i ka mullein i ka wai (1 lita o ka hopena mānoanoa ma ka bākeke wai) a i ʻole nā kulu manu (1.5 kīʻaha no ka bākeke wai).
Ka lua maunu, waiwai i nā mea nitrogen-potassium, hoʻolauna ʻia i ka manawa mua o ka hua ʻana, ke kolu - i ka waena o Iulai.
Hewa mālama
Hana pinepine nā māla ʻike ʻole i nā hewa e hōʻemi ai i nā hua.
- nānā ʻole ʻana i ka momona;
- ke koho hewa o kahi no nā moena;
- e lulu hua ana i ka wanaao;
- ka uhaki i ke aupuni hoʻoinu;
- hoʻopaneʻe i ka mālama ʻana ke ʻike ʻia ka poino ma nā mea kanu.
Nā maʻi a me kā lākou pale ʻana
ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o nā kukama Paratunka:
- aʻa pala;
- anthracnose;
- peronosporosis;
- pala keʻokeʻo;
- aphid;
- spider mite.
I nā hōʻailona mua o ka hōʻino ʻana i ka mea kanu, pono e hana a Wehe i nā lāʻau maʻi mai ka māla i mea e pale aku ai i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi.
Manaʻo ʻia ka pale manawa kūpono i ke ala kūpono loa e hōʻalo ai i nā pilikia, ʻo ia nā ʻano aʻe:
- ka mālama ʻana i nā wā i ke kanu ʻana (pale i ka mānoanoa);
- ka mālama i ka pae o ka momona o ka lepo;
- nānā i kēlā me kēia lā o nā mea kanu;
- ka nāhelehele a me ka wehe ʻana o ka lepo;
- disinfection o nā hua a me kahi papa no nā wahi moe.
Na kanawai ohi a me na rula
Paratunka kukama e oʻo ma kahi o 42 mau lā ma hope o ka germination.
I mea e pale ʻole ai i nā hua ke ulu, koi ʻia e ʻohiʻohi 1 manawa i nā lā 2... Hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama i nā mea iʻohi ʻia no 10 mau lā inā kau ʻoe i nā pahu i ka hale haʻahaʻa (ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka mahana ma mua o +8 kekelē. Inā ʻoi aku ka hōʻailona ma + 10 kekelē, a laila hoʻemi ʻia ke ola papa i 4 mau lā.
Ua ʻae ʻia ka hybrid Paratunka e nā māla e noho ana i nā wahi like ʻole o ka ʻāina. He mea hoihoi e ulu ia, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokolohua me ka mahi ʻana i nā greenhouse, e like me ka hana a nā mea hoʻolana wiwo ʻole.