Aia he nui loa o nā ʻano pe, akā ʻaʻole naʻe kēlā me kēia o lākou e aʻa ma loko o Rūsia. ʻO Severyanka kekahi o kēia mau lāʻau ākea.
Hiki iā ia ke kūpaʻa i nā kūlana climatic paʻakikī, no laila e ʻumeʻume i ka makemake o nā māla e noho ana i nā ʻĀkau o ka ʻāina.
Ka wehewehe o ka pear pear Severyanka Krasnoshchekaya
Ua hānai ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole i 1959 P.N. ʻO Yakovlev ma ke kumu o ka Institute of Genetics a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i kapa ʻia ma muli o I.V. ʻO Mikurin.
Laau waena, ʻo ke kalaunu o ke kaulike waena e like me ka pyramid ākea i ke ʻano. Hoʻolahalaha nā lālā mai ke kumu i kahi kihi o aneane 90 kekelē, he hina ka ʻili o ka pahu a me nā lālā iwi.
Nā kī o ka mānoanoa, ʻōmaʻomaʻo māmā, pubescent iki. Ovoid ka lau, poepoe ke kumu, a kuhi nā kihi, concave ka pā, a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kihi e ke kū ʻana o ke kālai pinepine ʻana. Pōkole ka petiole o ka lāʻau, like ka stipule me ka saber.
Hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā pua i nā inflorescences, i nā manawa he 4-6 mau ʻāpana, keʻokeʻo ke kala o nā pua, aia nā stigmas ma lalo o nā anera.
ʻO ka hua o ka ʻano he awelika, 60-70 kg o ka pears e ʻohi ʻia mai kahi kumulāʻau hoʻokahi, akā aia kekahi mau manawa ke lawe ʻo Severyanka i 100 kg o nā hua i kēlā me kēia kau.
Hāʻule ka wā kūleʻa i ka ʻumi o ʻAukake, a mau a hiki i ka waena o Kepakemapa.
He kūpaʻa hau maikaʻi kā Severyanka, no laila, zoned ia no ke komohana, Siberian a me Ural mau moku.
Nā ʻano hua
Wahi a ka wehewehe o ka pea o ka litter Severyanka Krasnoshchekaya conical i ke kinona a nānā e like me ke kukui... I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā pala, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka hua me ka poni a poni, melemele. Paʻa ka ʻili akā ʻaʻole paʻakikī.
Ma ka awelika, he 80-100 gram kaupaona o kekahi pea, kahi liʻiliʻi no kēlā me kēia hua hua. ʻOno ka pulp, momona, ʻaʻole tart, ke kala momona momona, ʻaʻohe ona ʻala i haʻi ʻia.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻanoʻano i nā keʻena, nā mea waena i ka nui a liʻiliʻi i ka hakahaka.
Māhele hoʻoulu holoholona a me ka ʻāina hoʻoulu
I ka mua ma 1959 ma ka Michurin Institute hānai ʻia ka ʻano Svetlyanka... Ua ʻike ʻia ia e ke kūpaʻa hau hau maikaʻi a me ka hanohano i hoʻomanawanui i ka hoʻoilo ʻo Siberian ʻoʻoleʻa. Ua kūʻai koke ʻia ka hale ahi ma hope o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana.
Ua loli ke ʻano i kona inoa i ʻekolu mau manawa, ma ka mua ʻo Yakovlev's Seedling Helu 103, a laila ʻo Yakovlev's Severyanka, a laila lilo ʻo ia ʻo Severyanka.
Akā ʻaʻole i pau nā hoʻokolohua o nā mea hānai ma laila, a ma hope iki ma ke kahua ma Chelyabinsk P.N. ʻO Yakovlev ua loaʻa iā Severyanka nā ʻano like e ke keʻa ʻana i nā pea ʻo Lyubimitsa Klapa a me Koperechka Helu 12.
Kaulana ia i waena o nā māla Ural, akā nunui loa, mahi kanu ʻo Severyanka he kākaʻikahi loa.
Nā mea maikaʻi a me nā mea maikaʻi ʻole
Pros:
- ʻo ke kūpaʻa hau kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻano e hōʻike maikaʻi iā ia no ka ulu ʻana ma nā wahi ʻākau me ke aniau ʻino.
- heʻuʻuku a paʻa ka lāʻau Severyanka, kahi e hiki ai ke ulu i nā pears ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi o ka ʻāina;
- ke oʻo mua ʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomoʻi iā ʻoe iho me nā huaʻai hou i ʻAukake;
- me ka mālama pono, lawe mai hoʻokahi kumulāʻau i 100 kilokika o ka ʻohi ʻana;
- Kūpaʻa ʻo Severyanka;
- hoʻohana ʻia no nā hana like ʻole.
Minus:
- hāʻule kahi hua nui o nā hua ma mua o ka lā kūpono, no laila ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke lele i ka wā ʻohiʻohi;
- ua liʻiliʻi ka pears iā lākou iho a ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa i ka ʻono maikaʻi loa.
- pono e hoʻoinu ʻia kēia ʻano i ka manawa kūpono a me ka nui, no ka mea, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomanawanui i kahi lawa ʻole o ka māū;
- ke ola pōkole a me ka lawe hune maikaʻi ʻole e hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻo Severyanka no nā ʻoihana kalepa.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kanu ʻana i nā lūlū a me ka mālama
E kanu i kahi lāʻau i ka māla, mua pono ʻoe e hoʻoholo i kahi e ulu ai... I kēia hihia, pono e noʻonoʻo i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻano i wae ʻia.
- ʻo ka loam one a i ʻole ka lepo loamy me ka nui o ka humus e kūpono loa iā Severyanka;
- ma kahi mamao o 2 mau mika ka mamao o ka wai o ka honua ma kahi o ka honua, a i ʻole e hemo ka ʻōnaehana aʻa a make ka lāʻau;
- pono ʻoe e hoʻolako i kahi pale hilinaʻi mai ka makani a me ka lā maikaʻi.
Ke koho ʻana i kahi lūlū, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka makemake i nā mea kanu o ʻelua makahiki, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, aia iā lākou ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi i kahi hou. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu i ʻApelila a Kepakemapa paha.
Koho ʻia ka manawa ma muli o ke aniau a me ka ʻāina o ka mahi ʻana, kahi lāʻau i kanu ʻia i ka hāʻule ʻaʻole hiki ke ola i kahi hoʻoilo paʻakikī.
No kahi pea i ʻeli ʻia lua, nā ana o ia 60 kenimika ka hohonu a me 1 mika ākea... Ma ka lalo o ka lua, waiho ʻia kahi hui momona, nona nā:
- 2 mau bakeka o ka compost a i ʻole humus;
- 200 gram o ka potash fertilizer;
- 800 gram o ka superphosphate.
Pono e hoʻokomo i ka lepo i hoʻomākaukau ʻia, no laila ʻo ka ʻeli ʻana i ka lua he hoʻokahi pule ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i nā kumulāʻau:
- I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, hoʻomomo ʻia nā aʻa i loko o ka mash pālolo.
- A laila lawe ʻia nā lālā ʻino a haki, no laila e lilo ka mea kanu i ka ikehu i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻāina hou, a ʻaʻole i ka hoʻōla.
- A laila hoʻokomo ʻia ka mea kanu i loko o ka lua a uhi pono ʻia me ka honua.
- Hoʻokomo maikaʻi ʻia kahi kuʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka lāʻau, a e lilo ia i mea kākoʻo, ua nakinaki ʻia kahi mea kanu kanu hou.
- ʻO ka pae hope loa ka nui o ka hoʻoinu.
Nā kūlana ulu
Hiki i nā ʻano Severyanka ke ʻoluʻolu i ka māla me nā hua i hala i ka makahiki 4 o ke ola, akā no kēia mea pono ʻoe e mālama pono i ka lāʻau a hāʻawi iā ia i nā mea pono e pono ai.
Hoʻokiʻoki ʻia ka hua kanu ma hope koke o ke kanu ʻana. Inā ʻaʻohe lālā iwi ma luna ona, a laila ʻokiʻoki ʻia ke koʻokoʻo ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 80-90 kenimika mai ka honua.
I ka hihia inā aia kekahi mau lālā ma luna o ka kumulāʻau, hoʻopōkole ʻia lākou e ka hapakolu, ʻoiai e waiho ana i ʻekolu mau ʻōpuʻu olakino. E koi ʻia kēia kaʻina hana i loko o nā makahiki ʻekolu o ke ola o ka lāʻau.
A laila e pono wale ka lāʻau i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe., mahalo i ka mea e hoʻopau ka māla i nā maʻi, nā lālā make a ʻoi paha. Wehe mau ʻia nā pana mai ka lāʻau.
I mea e loaʻa ai nā aʻa i nā aʻa i hiki, e hoʻokuʻu i ka lepo i ka pōʻai pahu... Pono ʻoe i ka manawa kūpono hemo i ka mauʻu.
Ke noʻonoʻo nei ua aloha ʻo Severyanka i ka wai pono ʻoe e hoʻoinu iā ia i nā manawa āpau, ka pale ʻana i ka lepo mai ka maloʻo ʻana.
I ke kauwela, hoʻokahi manawa i ka manawa, hoʻopili ʻia kahi mea kanu mineral, i ka hāʻule, hoʻomomona ʻia ka lāʻau me humus a i ʻole manure.
ʻOiai ʻo Severyanka no nā ʻano kūpaʻa hau, pono ia e hoʻomākaukau pono no ka hoʻoilo... E hana i kēia, ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hau, hoʻoinu nui ʻia ka lāʻau a palu ʻia, a laila pale aku i ke aʻa aʻa.
ʻOhi a me ka mālama ʻana
Hāʻule ka wā ʻohi ma ka waena o ʻAukake a hiki ke hala a hiki i ka mua o Kepakemapa. Ma kahi kokoke i ka wā o ke kauwela, loaʻa i ka pulp o ka pea ke kala kala. Hoʻomaka e hāʻule nā hua pala a i loko o 2-3 mau lā ua nalowale ka lāʻau i ka nui o ka hua.
Inā ʻohi ʻoe i nā pears i oʻo loa, a laila e mālama lākou ma mua o 10 mau lā... I ka manawa like, pono lākou e hoʻolako i kahi mahana anuanu a me nā ipu lāʻau a wicker paha.
Paipai nā māla ʻike i ka ʻohi ʻana i nā hua i hoʻokahi pule ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka oʻo piha, a laila e hāʻule ka hapa liʻiliʻi o ka mea kanu a mālama ʻia ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi (2 mahina).
Manaʻo ʻia kahi maikaʻi loa kahi keʻena anuanu.akā e hoʻohana i ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka pahu hau.
Hiʻona:
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona nui o Severyanka ʻo ia ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻoilo. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hihia i ka wā, me nā hau hau pōkole a hiki i -50 kekelē, ua make wale nā kumulāʻau ʻōpio, a me ka hoʻololi o ka mahana a hiki i ka -42 kekelē, ʻo ka ʻāpana o ka lāʻau i luna wale nō i paʻa, ʻoiai mālama ʻia ke aʻa aʻa.
Pēlā pū kekahi hoʻi koke ka ʻano ma hope o ka hau.
I kēia manawa ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Severyanka ma kahi pālākiō ʻoihana, a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike i nā lūlū no ke kūʻai aku. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hui me Severyanka ma nā pūnaewele o nā māla ʻike.
Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hānai nā mea hānai i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe kūpaʻa hau i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me nā mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Severyanka i ka hana ʻepekema, a ua lilo i ʻano makua no nā ʻano like me Yeseninskaya a me Tyutchevskaya.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻano e pono ai ka pollination., no ka mea me kahi kaʻina hana kūʻokoʻa, 30 wale nō pākēneka o nā hua e nakinaki ʻia.
ʻO ka pollinator maikaʻi loa no Severyanka ʻo Pamyat Yakovlev, ʻōlelo ʻia ia mau lāʻau e kau aʻe ma kahi o kekahi.
Nā maʻi a me nā mea hōʻino
ʻAʻole hōʻike pinepine ʻia ʻo Severyanka i nā maʻi a me nā pest. He kūpaʻa pale maikaʻi. ʻO ka pinepine, loaʻa nā maʻi ma luna o nā kumulāʻau o kēia ʻano:
- ʻO ka maʻi Microplasma a i ʻole "broom's broom" ʻo ia ka maʻi weliweli loa no ka lāʻau hua. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ia ma o nā mea ʻino ʻino a mea kanu paha. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻōla ʻia ke kiko o ka maʻi, a i kēia hihia, pono e huki ʻia a pau ka lāʻau a puhi ʻia hoʻi.
- Pā pala - pili i nā pears, ʻo ka pae mua ke ʻano o nā kiko ʻeleʻele, e ulu nei i ka manawa a luku i ka mea kanu, hoʻohana ʻia ke keleawe chlorine a i ʻole wai brodsky e like me nā ʻano kaohi.
- Puhi kino - ʻike ʻia ma hope o ka paʻa ʻana o nā lau. Inā ʻike ʻia kahi maʻi, kāpīpī ʻia ka lāʻau me nā lāʻau antibiotic i kēlā me kēia 5 mau lā. I mea e hōʻalo ai i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā koʻohune, mālama ʻia nā mea pono āpau i ka waikawa boric.
ʻAʻole hoʻouka kaua ʻia ʻo Severyanka e ka moth a me ka momi momi pear. Weliweli ka pepe hawthorn.
E like me ke kaua iā ia ke hōʻiliʻili kahi nui nui o nā ʻenuhe ma luna o kahi kumulāʻau, mālama ʻia me Karbofos, Iskra a i ʻole nā insecticides ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ke ʻano nui o ka hana ʻana me nā maʻi a i ʻole nā meaola a pau paha ka lawe ʻia ʻana o nā koina āpau o ko lākou wahi noho, nā ʻāpana maʻi o ka lāʻau, nā hua i heleleʻi a i ʻole nā lau, i pono e puhi koke ʻia.
Ma ke ʻano he pale pale aku i nā maʻi pono ke nānā pono ʻia nā kumulāʻau, pono e hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻoinu ʻana, ka hānai ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka manawa. I ke kauwela a me ka puna, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e pīpī i ka mea kanu me ka wai Brodsky.
Ke hana nei me nā hoʻomākaukau kemika, pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i nā pono hana pale pilikino.
Nānā māla
Galina: "ʻO Severyanka ka mea kahiko o koʻu māla. Hāʻawi ka ʻohi i kahi nui nui, i nā makahiki mua a lākou e ʻai nui ai, ke koe nei nō ia. Hoʻohana wau i kēia ʻano e hana i ka wai momona, i kēia mau lā ua hoʻomaka wau e hoʻomaloʻo i nā pears. ʻO kaʻono o nā ʻano ʻoluʻolu loa, ʻono a ʻono hoʻi me ka astringency māmā, liʻiliʻi ka pears me kahi pahu ʻulaʻula. ʻAʻole paʻakikī ka mālama ʻana i kahi kumulāʻau, keu hoʻi i kēia manawa ua oʻo a ʻae ʻia i kā mākou aniau. "
ʻO Olga: "Ua hoʻomaka koʻu makuakāne e ulu iā Severyanka, aia ko mākou dacha i loko o nā Ural, no laila paʻakikī loa e loaʻa kahi ʻano pears maikaʻi. I kēia manawa he nui nā lāʻau hua ma ka pūnaewele, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kekahi mau manawa ma mua o Severyanka, akā ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke ʻaʻa e huki iā ia. Hāpai mau ia i ka hua mai kēlā makahiki a kēia makahiki, hoʻomanawanui i nā mahana haʻahaʻa, a he ʻono ʻoluʻolu hoʻi. ʻO ka Compote mai kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa ka ʻono o koʻu wā kamaliʻi a naʻu nō e hoʻomau e hana no kaʻu mau keiki. "
ʻO Vladimir: "Nui nā lāʻau ʻokoʻa ma kaʻu pūnaewele, a he mea nui kā Severyanka ma aneʻi. He pollinator maikaʻi loa ia no nā ʻano he nui, eia hou, ke hoʻohana nei i ka waihona me ke kōkua, hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i nā hua ʻē aʻe o ka maikaʻi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka ʻono a me ke ʻano. Kūpilikiʻi kā mākou hoʻoilo a hoʻomanawanui ka lāʻau makua iā lākou. "
Ua hala lōʻihi ʻo Severyanka i kāna pilina a ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa ma kahi pae hana.
Akā ʻaʻole makemake nā māla aloha i kēia lāʻau., ke loaʻa i loko o ia mea he nui aku a me nā plus, i kekahi manawa me ka ʻike ʻole i nā mea maikaʻi ʻole o ka ʻano.