I kēia lā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ʻekolu mau ʻano o nā plum: ʻO ke kakahiaka, ʻo Yakhontovaya lāua ʻo Malakhovskaya. ʻO kēia mau ʻano, e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻano like ʻole me nā aʻa like ʻole, nā lau, ke ʻano o nā hua, a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe he nui. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi wehewehe kikoʻī ma lalo.
Mōʻaukala o nā ʻano hānau
ʻO ka mōʻaukala o ka puka ʻana mai o ke ʻano kakahiaka Hoʻomaka ma ke Keʻena Wae All-Russian o Selection a me Technology no Hortikultura a me ka Nursery ma ke kaʻe ʻana i nā ʻano SkorBookka Krasnaya a me Renklod Ullensa I kona manawa, Ua hānai ʻia ʻo Yakhontovaya e ke koho ʻana Eurasia-21 lāua ʻo Smolinka. I ka manawa 1971-2007 aia hānai ʻia ʻo Malakhovskaya plum ma Michurinsky Garden i waena o kekahi.
Ka wehewehe ʻana o nā ʻano, pono a me nā maikaʻi ʻole
E hoihoi kēlā me kēia māla i nā pono a me nā maikaʻi ʻole o nā ʻano ma mua o ke kanu ʻana.
- Loaʻa nā pōmaikaʻi o ke kakahiaka me ka hilinaʻi iā ʻoe iho. (mai hana i nā ovaries ma hope o ka pollination me ka pollen o nā pua o kā lākou ʻano ponoʻī), nā hua hua mau, ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana, ke kūʻē ʻana i nā mea ʻino a me nā maʻi. Nui aʻe nā mea maikaʻi ʻole: maʻalahi i ke anuanu.
- Manaʻo ʻo Yakhontova i ke kūʻē anuanu ma ke ʻano he maikaʻi., ka mea e ʻae iā ia e hoʻomanawanui i ka hoʻoilo i nā manawa maʻalahi (hoʻomanawanui i ka emi ʻana o iwakāluakūmāwalu a kanakolu kekelē o ka hau) ma mua o ka mea i hāʻawi ʻia, no ka laʻana, Kakahiaka, kahi hua kiʻekiʻe a me ka maikaʻi o nā hua ponoʻī, hua mau i nā hua i ka ulu makahiki, nā lālā peʻa a me nā hua, nā hua nui , maʻalahi ka iwi ma hope o ka hānau. ʻAʻohe kīnā i loaʻa.
- Polū polū Malakhovskaya, e like me nā ʻano ma mua, loaʻa ke kūpale hau maikaʻi, loaʻa nā hua kiʻekiʻe, e ʻoluʻolu pinepine i ka lāʻau o nā ona ona. ʻAʻohe maikaʻi ʻole o ke ʻano.
Nā ʻāina pae maikaʻi
Manaʻo ʻia ke Kahi Waena Central he ʻāina maikaʻi no ka pae ʻana i ka ʻāina.... Ma muli o ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma luna, ma nā wahi e like me Siberia, ʻaʻole hiki ke mahi i kēia ʻano like ʻole. I ke koena, ʻaneʻane like ia, e kūkākūkā hou ʻia. No nā ʻano ʻelua ʻē aʻe ʻāpana pae ʻāina holoʻokoʻa, ka mea hiki ʻole ke kāhea ʻia he plus.
Ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu a mālama hou i ka plum
Kakahiaka
Kanu ʻia nā ʻanoʻano i ka ulu mua o ka puna... Kanu lākou i loko o ka lua kanalima kanaonokū kenimika hohonu a ma kahi o kanawalu a kanaiwa kenekika ke anawaena. Pono ke kahua pae i ka lā pono. ʻO ka mea momona i hoʻomākaukau maʻalahi ʻia no kēia ʻano he manure.... Lawe mākou iā ia he ʻumikūmālima mau kilogram. ʻAʻole hou loa! Pono e "hana" mua ʻia ma ka pā. Maʻaneʻi mākou e hoʻohui i ka hapalua kilogram o ka superphosphate papalua a i ʻole hoʻokahi kilogram o ka maʻamau, hoʻokahi haneli karamu o ka potassium chloride a i ʻole kahi kilogram o ka lehu lāʻau.
Paipai nā māla ʻike i kēlā me kēia makahiki fertilizing plums me ka urea i ka mahele o iwakālua mau gram i kēlā me kēia mika mika. I ka hāʻule, aʻoaʻo ʻia e hoʻohana i nā mea kanu potash a me phosphate.
E hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka lepo a pulu. No ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lei aliʻi, pono nā mea nona ʻoki mau i kāu mau lāʻau... Hoʻopili kēia i ka lawe ʻana i ka make, paʻahau, a me nā lālā e ālai ana i ka ulu ʻana o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. Kūkā ʻia ka mea like e hana me nā aʻa o nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe ma kahi kokoke i ka lāʻau.
Mai poina e pili ana i ka hoʻoinu ʻana, aloha ke kakahiaka i ka ona, ma ke kauwela hoʻi... ʻO nā kumulāʻau haʻahaʻa a ʻelua paha mika i ke kiʻekiʻe e pono ai ʻekolu a ʻehā paha bākeke i kēlā me kēia pule, a koi nā lāʻau nui ʻelima a ʻeono paha bākeke. ʻO ka hoʻoilo ka manawa ʻoi loa o ka hewa no nā ʻano like ʻole. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kōkua i nā lāʻau ma ke uhi ʻana iā lākou me ka honua a hoʻoluliluli ʻia ka hau mai nā lālā, e hehi ana i nā aʻa.
ʻO Yakhontova
Kanu ʻia nō hoʻi i ka wā mua o ka pua Pono e hoʻomālamalama pono ka pae ʻāina, ʻo ka pae honua ma lalo pono ma lalo o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mika mai ka pae o ka lepo... Pono e ʻeli i kahi lua kanawalu a kanaiwa kenetimita ākea a kanalima a i kanaono kenimika ka hohonu (e like me nā ʻano ma mua). Ma hope o kēlā, kau ʻia kahi lūlū a hoʻopiha ʻia me kahi kāwili ʻia o ka ʻāina sodeta me nā meaola a me nā mea mineral. Penei ka lākiō: ʻumikūmālima mau kilogram o ka manure pala (a i ʻole compost), hoʻokahi kilokilo o ka potassium chloride (a i ʻole hoʻokahi kilokilo o ka lehu lāʻau). Ke hiamoe nei i kēia mau mea āpau, mai poina e hoʻoluliluli i ka seedling a hehi i ka honua i nā aʻa. ʻO ke kola aʻa, e like me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo, pono ma ka pae o ʻekolu a ʻelima mau kenimika ma luna o ka pae o ka lepo. E ʻeli i ka lua a puni kā mākou mea kanu a hoʻoinu iā ia.
Hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau bākeke wai e lawa no ka hoʻoinu ʻana. I mea e paʻa ai ka lepo i ka wai, mālama ʻia me kahi hopena o ka peat a humus paha. ʻO kā mākou pono e nakinaki ʻia kahi lāʻau ʻōpio i ka lāʻau lāʻau, a mākou e hoʻokau pono ai i ka ʻaoʻao aʻe, mai ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau, i ʻole e haki ka makani i ka mea kanu ʻōpio.
I kēlā me kēia makahiki pono ʻoe e hoʻomomona i ka lepo me ka urea i kahi mahele o iwakālua mau gram i kēlā me kēia mika mika, a ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka plum e hoʻohua i ka hua, e hoʻohui i ka ʻumi a i ka ʻumikūmālima kilokika o ka manure palaoa (compost), iwakāluakūmālima gram o ka urea, ʻelua haneli karamu o ka lehu lāʻau. Pono e hoʻohana i nā mea kanu Urea a me nā nitrogen i ka puna, a me nā momona phosphorus a me potassium, i ka hāʻule.
Mai poina e hoʻokuʻu i ka lepo i ka wā o ka hua ʻana o nā hua - e ʻae kēia iā ʻoe e mālama i ka makū i ka lepo, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka momona a me ka pono i nā hua.
I kekahi manawa hoʻohana ʻia ka lime slaked i kahi pākēneka o ʻehā haneli a i ʻewalu haneli mau gram i kēlā me kēia mika mika. Mālama i ka plum, hana lākou i nā ʻāpana like aʻe no ia: iwakāluakūmālima a i kanahā mau kenimika kumu a me ka lei aliʻi, nona nā lālā ʻelima a ʻehiku, kau ʻia i ke ala nani a kūlohelohe hoʻi.
Mai kēlā manawa i kēia manawa pono ke ʻoki ʻana i nā lālā, ka hemo ʻana i nā forks pono ʻole, ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ala o ka ulu ʻana e loaʻa ai ka hopena i makemake ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka lei aliʻi. ʻO kahi kiko nui e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma hope o ʻekolu a ʻehā mau makahiki paha ma hope o ke komo ʻana i ka hua, hemo i ka lālā ma luna o ka lālā mua i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia e loaʻa ai kahi lei kīʻaha.... Pono kēia e hoʻonui i ka lāʻau me ka lawa ʻana o ka lā. Ke ʻoki ʻana, hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā pona āpau.
Malakhovskaya
No ke kanu ʻana i kēia ʻano ʻeli i kahi lua kanaono e kanaono e kanaono kenimika... E ninini i hoʻokahi kilogram o superphosphate ma laila, kahi kīʻaha o ka limu slaked, ʻelua mau bake a humus (ʻekolu a ʻehā mau makahiki o ke kūkā kamaʻilio ʻana) pāpā ʻia ka hoʻonāukiuki.
ʻAʻole pono e hoʻopili i ka lehu a me ka manure hou. Hiki i kēia ke hōʻino i ka ʻōnaehana aʻa ʻōpio, a hiki i ka make ʻana o ka mea kanu.
Kanu ʻia ka mea kanu i mea e like ai ka pūʻulu a kā mākou meakanu i ka pae honua ma ka pūnaewele. Ma ke ala like me, a ʻo Yakhontova nakinaki mākou i ka lūlū i ka lāʻau. No ka mālama, aʻoaʻo ʻia e mālama me ka hom, Bordeaux hui, chorus, koke, alatar, kinimix, inta-vir, hānai i ʻekolu mau makahiki ma hope o ke kanu ʻana me ka momona, Azofosky, uniflor a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. I kēlā me kēia makahiki mākou e hana ai i ʻelua a i ʻehā haneli mau gram o ka lime slaked, ʻokiʻoki i nā lāʻau i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Hoʻonui hoʻolaha
ʻO ke kaʻina hānau ma plums i kekahi mau ʻano:
- ma ke kanu ʻana i nā ʻanoʻano (no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea kanu);
- hoʻouluulu: kūʻai ʻia a ʻoki ʻia nā pana no ka hoʻopili ʻana;
- ʻōpuʻu aʻa: ʻoki i ke aʻa i ka lau a kanu ʻokoʻa ia;
- ʻoki aʻa: ʻeli mākou i nā aʻa ma kahi mamao o hoʻokahi a hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika, i loko o ʻApelila kanu lākou ma lalo o kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, hoʻoinu ʻia, a i ka hoʻoilo aʻe kanu ʻia lākou i ka māla.
Nā maʻi a me nā mea hōʻino
E hoʻomaka kākou me kakahiaka... Kūpaʻa ke ʻano i ka pala pala, maʻi clasterosp hall. ʻOi aku kēia ʻokoʻa hiki ke hoʻouka ʻia e nā mea make e like me aphids a me nā mu... Paipai ʻia e ʻeli i ka lepo ma lalo o nā kalaunu ma mua o ka pua ʻana o nā ʻōpuʻu, ʻoki a puhi i nā lālā i hoʻopili ʻia e nā mea ʻino. Inā kū ka mea like me nā hua, pono ʻoe e luku iā lākou, a laila mālama i nā lāʻau me hoʻokahi pākēneka wai Bordeaux a i ʻole nitrafen.
ʻO Yakhontovoy, moniliosis, clestosp hall weliweli... ʻO nā mea ʻino o nā aphids, moths, sawflies. Ua like nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo. Inā ʻike ʻoe i nā pua "puhi ʻia", hoʻopau i ke kī. Paipai wau iā ʻoe e hoʻohana i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻo Iskra Bio a me Inta-vir.
Panina hopena
Mai nā ʻike āpau i hāʻawi ʻia ma aneʻi, hiki ke huki i kahi hopena pōkole. ʻO nā ʻano ʻekolu, paʻakikī e koho i kahi i kūpono loa ma nā kiko āpau: ʻAʻole hoʻomanawanui ke kakahiaka i ke anuanu anuanu, ʻo Yakhontovaya lāua ʻo Malakhovskaya ka mea maʻalahi i nā mea ʻino like ʻole. Aia wale nō ia i kāu mau makemake e pili ana i nā ʻano o nā hua, ke kumu kūʻai a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a mākou i hōʻike ʻole ai ma aneʻi. Mai poina e pili ana i ka manawa o ke kanu ʻana. Ke koho ʻana i kahi ʻano, e noʻonoʻo i nā kikoʻī o kou ʻāina, no ka mea hiki ke lilo i hoʻoholo i ka hopena. Makemake wau e kūleʻa ʻoe a me kahi ʻohiʻohi manawaleʻa.