Ua hana ʻia kēia ʻano pear ma ka Timiryazev Agricultural Academy e nā ʻepekema ʻo Potapov lāua ʻo Chizhov. Ke hele nei, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano Lesnaya Krasavitsa a me Olgaka mea i hāʻawi i ka ʻono a me ke kūʻē nui i nā maʻi he nui.
Ua hala ʻo Pear Chizhovskaya i nā hoʻokolohua like ʻole a ma 1933 zoned (noi ʻia no ka mahi ʻana) i ʻekolu mau ʻāina: Middle Volga, Central a me North-West. Akā ʻo ka hapanui pinepine ka mahi ʻia ʻana o kēia ʻano ma nā māla o nā wahi Samara, Moscow a me Vladimirovsk. I loko o kēia ʻatikala, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā ʻoe iho me nā ʻano a me ka wehewehe o ka Chizhovskaya pear variety - nā huaʻōlelo hōʻoluʻolu, nā hiʻohiʻona mālama, nā maʻi lāʻau a me nā ʻano hana me lākou.
Hōʻike o nā ʻano
Lei aliʻi, hoʻohālikelike ʻia e like me ka pyramid a i ʻole kahi cone, i hana ʻia e nā lālā ʻolokeʻa iki. ʻO ka lōʻihi a me ka mānoanoa o nā wana i uhi ʻia me ka ʻulaʻula a ʻeleʻele paha, he awelika. Nā lālā iwi pena ʻia i ka hina hina, a hina hina ke kumu.
Hiki ke kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau (ʻano maʻamau) mai 1.8 a 2.5 mau mika... ʻO kahi liʻiliʻi o nā lentila (nā hoʻokumu ʻana me nā puka liʻiliʻi, uhi ʻia me nā mea leʻaleʻa) aia ma ke kumu kokoke i ka pae honua. ʻO nā lau ʻeleʻele, nā pihi pihi ʻokoʻa.
Kūlike ka nui o nā lau a nani ke kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Loaʻa iā lākou ke kinona o kahi oval elongated, a ma ka lihi o nā niho liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā lau me kahi papa laumania a luna o lalo, hoʻopili ʻia i nā lālā me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻoki o ka lōʻihi waena.
ʻO nā pua keʻokeʻo o ke anawaena waena he ʻano kīʻaha. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka corolla e nā petals me ka lihi paʻa. ʻO nā ʻōpuʻu, e like me nā pua, keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Hōʻiliʻili ʻia lākou i nā inflorescences o ke ʻano o ka pale, ʻāpana 5-7.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hua, ke wā oʻo
Hāʻawi ke ʻano Chizhevsky i nā hua waena o ka obovate a i ʻole ke ʻano pir maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻololi i ke kaupaona mai 110 a 140 gram... Hoʻopili ʻia ka papa laumania o nā pears me nā kiko liʻiliʻi me kahi ʻili matte lahilahi, maloʻo a hiki i ka pā.
Pōʻale like nā hua (hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke kala mai ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ka melemele) me ka ʻole o nā wahi ʻalani ʻālohilohi. Hoʻopili lākou i nā lālā me nā wana pōkole. ʻO ka helu o nā hua ʻeleʻele me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo kikoʻī i hoʻokahi pea ʻokoʻa mai 5 a 10 mau ʻāpana.
ʻO nā hua o kēia ʻano e ʻumeʻume i ka nānā me kā lākou palupalu, nā pulp aila iki, e hoʻopuka i kahi ʻala lahilahi. Hiki i ka pulp ke keʻokeʻo melemele a i ʻole ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo māmā. Ua helu ʻia ka ʻono ʻawaʻawa-momona o kēia momi mai 4.1 a i nā helu 4.2 e nā mea inu inu. Hiki ke hoʻohana i nā hua i ka mea hou, a me ka hoʻomākaukau o nā marinades, compotes a me nā wai... ʻO ka nui o nā kō, nā mea hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a me nā mea maloʻo a me ka wikamina P i loaʻa i ka hui o nā pears.
ʻO ka Chizhovskaya ʻano like me nā hybrids waena o ke kau e oʻo i ke kauwela a i ʻole ke kauwela mua. (Aug. Sept). Hiki i nā hua ke noho ma nā lālā no ka manawa lōʻihi, akā ʻo ka mea hoihoi loa, pala loa, ke heleleʻi i ka lepo palupalu a mauʻu mauʻu paha, ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻino a mālama ʻia ma kahi o hoʻokahi pule. Ma ke ana wela o 0 kekelē, mālama ʻia nā hua no 2 a 4 mau mahina... Kūpono nā hua i ka halihali mamao loa.
ʻOiai ʻo Chizhovskaya pear e hoʻonoho i nā hua i ka wā o ke pollination keʻa (ʻaneʻane momona), i mea e loaʻa ai nā hua mau a me nā hua nui, ʻo kekahi mau ʻano - pollinators (Rogneda, Severyanka, Lada) kanu pono ʻia ma kona ʻaoʻao. Aia lākou ma kahi mamao o 4 a 5 mau mika mai ka ʻano nui.
Makemake nui ʻia kēia ʻano ʻē e nā māla no ka mea hoʻomaka nā lāʻau e hoʻohua i nā mea kanu i 3-4 mau makahiki o ka mahi ʻana a hana mau ia. Hiki i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mākua ke hana a 50 mau kilokika i kēlā me kēia lāʻau.
Nā mea maikaʻi a me nā mea maikaʻi ʻole
Ma waena o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, kū ka pear Chizhovskaya:
- maikaʻi loa kūpaʻa pale ai na maʻi e ae;
- kiʻekiʻe paʻakikī hoʻoilo;
- ke ahonui i nā kūlana aniau maikaʻi ʻole.
ʻO nā mea maikaʻi ʻole me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi kūpono o ke kaupaona hua me ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā makahiki o ka lāʻau. Inā loaʻa nā hua i ka pears ʻōpio ma ke kaupaona he 110-140 gram, a laila i ka makahiki 10 ua kaupaona lākou ma kahi o 80-90 gram.
Koho a me ka pae ʻana o ka noho
No ke kanu ʻana i nā pears Chizhovskaya, nā wahi hoʻomālamalama ʻia me ka permeable, ka lepo ākea a me ka nui o nā mea momona i koho ʻia. Pono ia e hōʻoia i ka wai o ka wai ma kahi hohonu.
Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Autumn i ka manawa kanu kūpono.ke pau pono ke kau ulu (ua lele loa nā lau mai ka pua lū.) Akā hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kēia i ka puna, a hiki i ka manawa i ala ai nā ʻōpuʻu (ka hoʻomaka o ke kau ulu).
Ua ʻeli ʻia kahi lua no ke kanu ʻana he 60 e 60 a 80 cm ka nui. Inā maikaʻi ʻole ka lepo ma kahi pilikino a i ʻole dacha, a laila hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka lua e 20-30 cm. Inā he lepo ka lepo, a laila pono e ninini ʻia ka wai ma lalo o ka lua, kahi o ke one a me ka ʻiliʻili. a ʻōpala liʻiliʻi paha. Hiki ke hoʻololi i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka papa mai 10 a 15 cm.
Ma hea kahi nui o ke one i ka lepo, ninini ʻia ka lepo pālolo ma lalo o ka lua me ka papa o 5 a 10 cm.... Hana ʻia kēia i ʻole e hele wikiwiki ka wai a me nā meaola i loko o nā papa o lalo o ka honua.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e kūʻai i nā mea kanu no ke kanu ʻana i ka makahiki o 1 a 3 mau makahiki. Akā ke kumu o nā lāʻau 1-2 mau makahiki ke aʻa a ulu i ka wikiwiki loa. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻanoʻano o nā ʻano Chizhovskaya mai 1.3 a 1.8 mau mika. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā aʻa ma ka liʻiliʻi 20 cm, a ʻo ka mānoanoa o ka pahu i ʻoi aku ma mua o 1-1.5 cm.
Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, pono e mālama i ka ʻōnaehana aʻa i loko o kahi hopena o ka heteroauxin a i ʻole nā mea stimulant ʻē aʻe no ka ulu ʻana o ke aʻa.... Hoʻopulu ʻia nā aʻa i 3 a 12 mau hola. Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, nānā lākou, haʻihaʻi, maloʻo a lōʻihi loa e hoʻopōkole ʻia.
ʻO nā aʻa i loko o ka lua kanu e pono ke kūʻokoʻa a kaulike. Hiamoe ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia nei kahi hui honua mai ka māla momona o ka māla, manure pala loa (humus), a me ka potassium sulfate (350 gram) a me superphosphate (350 gram). ʻO ka mea mua, ninini ʻia ka lepo māla maikaʻi ma nā aʻa (me kahi papa o 10 a 15 cm), a laila - me kahi hui me nā mea momona mineral.
E nānā pono ʻaʻole he mau hakahaka ma waena o nā aʻa. Ma hope o ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka lua i ka hapalua, e hoʻopili iki a pili pono ka honua i nā aʻa.
Ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, ninini nui i ka wai ma luna o ka kahua kanu a hoʻonui i ka lepo e iho ana. Kūpono ʻia e mulch i ka ʻili o ka honua a puni ka pahu (uhi) me ka peat, nā husks, nā ʻāpana lāʻau a i ʻeke paha. Kōkua kēia hana i ka mālama i ka wai i ka lepo, pale i ka hoʻopili ʻana a pale i ka nui o nā nāhelehele mai ka ʻike ʻana.
Mai poina e kau i kahi kui ma waena o nā aʻa ke kanu ʻana, kahi e paʻa ai ka seedling i ka wā maikaʻi ʻole.
Mālama ʻo Chizhovskaya
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i kahi momi o ka Chizhovskaya ʻano like me ka hānai ʻana, ka hoʻoinu ʻana, ka ʻoki ʻana a me nā maʻi hakakā a me nā mea ʻino.
Hoʻohinu
ʻO ka hoʻohāinu mau i ka wā holoʻokoʻa wale nō no nā pears ʻōpio i nā makahiki he 3-4 ma hope o ke kanu ʻana. Ma hea lā pono pono ia e pulu i ka lepo a hiki i ka hohonu o nā aʻa... ʻO kēlā ʻano hoʻohāinu e kōkua i ka hoʻokumu wikiwiki a me ka ulu maikaʻi ʻana o nā mea kanu.
Hoʻohinu ʻia nā kumulāʻau oʻo i nā manawa wale nō i kēlā me kēia kau (mai 3 a 7), akā ʻaʻole pono e mālama ʻia ka wai. E hoʻomaopopo pono i ka wai i nā pears ma mua o ka pua ʻana a ma hope koke o ka pau ʻana., a i ka hāʻule (i ka hopena o ke kau).
Ma hope o kēlā me kēia wai e hoʻoinu a i ʻole ka ua nui, hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka lepo a puni ka pahu i kahi hohonu o 10 a 15 cm.
Nā ʻaʻahu kiʻekiʻe
No kēia ʻano momi e ulu maikaʻi, hoʻomohala a hāʻawi i nā hua, pono ka hānai hou. Hānai ʻia nā ʻāpua i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki i ka hoʻomaka mua o ka puna... No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka pōʻai o ke kumu me ka manure pala (ke kiʻekiʻe o ka papa mai 4 a 6 cm), a hoʻohui ʻia nā mea hoʻomomona mineral (azofosk a i ʻole Kemira). Ua lawa kahi kumulāʻau mai 100 a 150 gram.
Hānai ʻia nā lāʻau peʻeleka makua i ka hāʻule i ka wā o ka ʻeli ʻana... E hana ai i kēia, e hoʻohana i ka lepo o ka bipi kau hapalua a pala a i ʻole nā mea kanu ʻokanika ʻē aʻe. Pono ʻoe e hoʻohui i ka potassium sulfate a me superphosphate (250-350 gram i kēlā me kēia). I mea e hiki ai nā mea momona i nā aʻa i ka nui o ka nui, hoʻopuehu lākou ma ke anawaena o ka lei aliʻi a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka wā e ʻeli ana i kahi hohonu o 35 cm.
Paʻa pū ʻia a hānai hou ʻana, ka mea hiki ke hoʻoponopono hapa i ka nui o ka hua. Inā liʻiliʻi ka helu o nā hua ma ka lāʻau, a laila mālama ʻia ka hānai ma mua o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka ovary. A inā he nui nā hua, a laila mālama ʻia ka hānai ʻana ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o nā ovaries.
ʻOkiʻoki
ʻO nā kumulāʻau hou i kanu ʻia e ʻoki wale ʻia i ka mua o ka puna, ʻoiai inā kanu i ka hāʻule. Ke ʻoki ʻana i nā lūlū, pono e hoʻomanaʻo i nā lālā ʻaoʻao e kau ʻia ma ka pahu ma kahi o 50-70 cm mai ka honua.... ʻAʻole lōʻihi kā lākou lōʻihi ma mua o 30-40 cm. Hoʻōkole ʻia ke kī waena i piʻi aʻe i 15-30 knm ma luna o ka lālā pili kiʻekiʻe loa.
No nā pears makua, lawe ʻia ka ʻoki ʻana i ʻelua mau manawa o ka makahiki.... I ka wā o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe, hoʻopau ʻia nā lālā a pau i haʻihaʻi ʻia a maʻi hoʻi, a me nā lālā kahiko. I kekahi manawa hou, hana ʻia ka ʻoki hou ʻana, me ke kōkua o ia mea e hoʻōla ʻia a mālama ʻia ka ulu nui o ka mea kanu i kahi pae maikaʻi, a me ka helu o nā kiko pua e hoʻoponopono ʻia.
Ke hana ʻana i ka ʻokiʻohi anti-kūnewa e ʻoki pono i nā lālā perennial a i 3-5 mau makahiki a me nā wā kahiko. He mea nui ka nānā ʻana i ka ulu makahiki. Inā he emi ma mua o 15-20 cm, a laila lawe ʻia ka palai i nāwaliwali (no nā lālā he 2-3 mau makahiki). Inā ʻo ka nui o ka ulu ʻana ma lalo o 15 cm, a laila ʻokiʻoki ʻia nā pua i nā lālā kahiko. I mea e pale ʻole ai i ka lei aliʻi i mānoanoa, e hemo ʻia kahi ʻāpana o nā lālā hua i loko.
ʻO nā mea ʻino a me ke kaua kūʻē iā lākou
Hiki ke hoʻouka ʻia ʻo Pear Chizhovskaya e nā mea ʻino aʻe: ʻōmole ʻōpelu ʻōmaʻomaʻo, beetle pear (meli), ʻelima unahi o Kaleponi, peʻa peʻa, momi momi momi, ʻāʻī melemele a me bukarka.
ʻArkpala Bukarka hānai i nāʻiʻo o ka lau a me nā ovaries o nā hua, ma muli o ka hopena o nā lau a me nā ovaries. I mea e luku ai i kēia pest, hoʻomākaukau hoʻomake insecticidal me ka laulā ākea o ka hana e hoʻohana ai, e laʻa me Engio.
Mele pua ʻōpala i ke kakahiaka nui, ʻōpala lākou i nā ʻōpuʻu pehu a ʻai i ko lākou ʻaoʻao o loko. Ma muli o kēia hoʻouka kaua ʻana, lilo ka puʻupaʻa i ka wai momona. ʻO nā larvae beetle pua, hoʻomoe ʻia i nā ʻōpuʻu, hānai i ka pistil a me nā stamens. Huli ʻeleʻele nā pua a laila maloʻo. ʻO nā lāʻau aʻe e kūpono e hakakā iā ia: Iskra, Fufanol, Karate, Fastak a me Sherpa. ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau hoʻokahi ka mālama ʻana.
Nā maʻi
Ma waena o nā maʻi weliweli loa no kēia ʻano pear ka cytosporosis, ke aʻa aʻa a me nā hau.
Cytosporosis ʻike pinepine ʻia ma ka ʻili o ke kumu a me nā lālā perennial e hana i ke kumu lāʻau. ʻIke ʻia he wahi ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, kaumaha iki i loko. Koke, ʻike ʻia nā māwae nui ma nā kihi o ka stain a ma ka lāʻau olakino, a palupalu ka ʻili ma ka stain. Inā hele mai kēia maʻi i kēia manawa, a laila hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi ʻia ka stain, mālama ʻia me ka sulfate keleawe a me kahi varnish māla kūikawā.
Nā haʻihaʻi hau ʻike ʻia me ka hōʻemi ikaika o ka mahana, ke hoʻomaʻalili ʻia nā papa waho o ka lāʻau ma mua o nā mea o loko. Hoʻopulu ʻia nā hakahaka o ka hau i ka lāʻau olakino, a laila mālama ʻia me ka wai Bordeaux a i ʻole ke keleawe sulfate a uhi ʻia me ka pitch.
Maʻi ʻaʻai kumu ʻike ʻia i nā pears i ke ʻano o ka ulu ʻana ma nā wahi grafting, kokoke i ke kola aʻa a ma nā aʻa. I ka mua, hoʻonui nā ulu palupalu i ka nui a paʻakikī i ka manawa. ʻO ka puka ʻana o ka maʻi ʻaʻai aʻa ke alakaʻi i kahi hoʻomaha o ka ulu a me ka ulu ʻana o nā lāʻau ʻōpio. ʻAʻohe ona hopena maikaʻi ʻole i nā pears makua.
I mea e pale ʻole ai i kēia maʻi i kāu māla, pono ʻoe e kūʻai i nā lūlū olakino mai nā nursery ʻenehana... A mai kanu iā lākou i kahi i ulu nā lāʻau hua i pā.
Loiloi
Borovchanka: Ua kanu mākou i ka lāʻau Chizhovskaya pear i kahi hale kuaʻāina kokoke i Borovsk ma 1998 ma ke ʻano he hua makahiki hoʻokahi makahiki. Ua ulu ka lāʻau me ka ʻole o kekahi pilikia. ʻOiai aia ka pūnaewele ma kahi puʻu a puhi nui ʻia e ka makani, ʻaʻole paʻa. I kēlā me kēia makahiki ke nānā nei mākou i mua i hoʻokahi hua e ʻono iā ia. I kekahi mau manawa he nui nā hua, akā ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā mākou. ʻOiai mākou i hele hou mai, ua hoʻokele nā manu iā lākou, a hāʻule lākou. Akā ua uku ʻia kā mākou ahonui! Loaʻa iā mākou kahi hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi loa i ka makahiki i hala! Ua nani loa ka nani o kā mākou uʻi me nā huaʻai e kala mai mākou e hoʻonele iā ia i kahi kapa komo! Olioli ke kāne e like me ke kamaliʻi, a kaomi pono i nā pears iā ia. Kupaianaha ka ʻono o kēia ʻano. ʻOi aku ka momona o ka pulp, ʻono. A he ʻaʻala !!! Hiki iā ʻoe ke ulu palekana i kēia ʻano i kā mākou kūlana. Kūkākūkā ʻāina
Syoma: Hoʻomaka ʻo Pear Chizhovskaya e hua i 2 mau makahiki ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i kahi lūlū, hua i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻAno ka hau i ka hoʻoilo a me ka maloʻo me ka ʻole o nā hopena i ʻike ʻia. Hōkū māla