ʻO nā moemoeā māla āpau o ka ulu ʻana i nā hua waina ma kāna wahi, ʻaʻole ia e loaʻa i kahi ʻano pua nani, ʻono i nā hua maikaʻi, akā ʻaʻole pū nā ʻanoʻano. ʻOiai he nui nā hua nui hiki ke hōʻino nui i ka manaʻo holoʻokoʻa o nā hua waina. Hoʻopili kēia mau ʻano i ka hua waina hua ʻole ʻo Jupiter, kahi hōʻike i hōʻike ʻia ma lalo.
ʻO ka wehewehe biological o ka hua waina Jupiter
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano hua waina i makemake ʻole ʻia a maikaʻi loa - ʻO Jupiter, ka mea, ma muli o ke kūpale ʻana o ka hau, he punahele punahele ʻole ia i nā latitude mahana. ʻO nā mea nāna i hana nā hua waina nā mea hoʻohua ʻo John R. Clark, James N. Moore mai ke Kulanui o Arkansas, USA. No ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hybrid, hoʻohana ʻia nā hua waina e like me V. Vinifera a me V. Labrusca.
Hoʻomaka ka hua waina i ka hua i ke kolu o ka makahiki mai ka manawa o ke kanu ʻana, a me ka mālama kūpono, i ka lua. ʻO ka wā ulu e ulu ana mai 105 a 120 mau lā. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻohi i ka hua i ka hopena o Iulai.
ʻO ka ulu lāʻau Jupiter me kahi ʻōnaehana i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia e kahi ikaika awelika. ʻO ke kumu waina, ʻeleʻele māmā. Hoʻonani ʻia ka mea kanu me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻekolu-lobed, nā lau i nāwaliwali nāwaliwali. ʻO nā pua he bisexual a ʻaʻole koi i kahi pollination hou. ʻO nā puʻupuʻu o ka nui o ke kaulike i kahi ʻano cylindrical a i ʻole conical a me kahi ʻano like. Hoʻololi ka paona Bunch mai 200 a 500 g. Ma nā wana, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia he 3-5 mau inflorescence, no laila ʻaʻohe mea e pono ai ka rationing, ʻoiai me ka mālama pono ʻana e hiki ai i ka mea kanu ke maʻalahi i ka ukana. E waiho a 40 mau maka ma ke kumu waina.
Nā ʻano o nā hua
Aia nā hua hua oval i loko o ka palaki paʻa i kekahi i kekahi, no laila paʻa ka pūpū a maʻemaʻe. ʻO ke kaupaona o hoʻokahi hua he 4-5 g, i manaʻo ʻia he mea hōʻike kiʻekiʻe no nā huaʻi. ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hua ʻana i nā hua. i ke ʻano ʻenehana, he ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha ko lākou ʻili, a i ka manawa o ke ʻano o ke olaola e uliuli polū. Kōkua kēia i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka manawa ohi pono.
Pale ka ʻili o ka ʻili i nā ʻohana ʻūpā mai ka luku ʻana i nā hua o nā hua ʻono. ʻAʻohe hua o ka hua, akā loaʻa paha i kahi ʻano rudiment. Loaʻa i ka ʻiʻo momona kahi ʻano kino, kahi ʻono momona me kahi ʻano lahilahi o ka nutmeg a me kahi leo hiki ke ʻike ʻia.
ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kō ma mua o 21%, a ʻo ka acidity o ka wai momona he 6 g / l.
Nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā maikaʻi ʻole o kishmish
ʻO nā mea nui i koi ʻia ai ka ʻano no ka mahi ʻana:
- lā mua komo i loko o ka hua ʻana;
- kiʻekiʻe nā hōʻailona hua, mai hoʻokahi hectare hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa 200-250 keneta;
- maikaʻi loa ʻoki kua a me ka oʻo ʻana o nā wana, ʻoiai ma nā ʻāina me ke aniau ʻino.
- mālama o ka ʻono a me ka hōʻike i ka wā o ka halihali ma kahi mamao aku;
- ke kūpale hau, ka hiki ke kū i ka -26̊С, a no laila ʻaʻole e koi i kahi hale hou;
- maikaʻi loa ke kūpaʻa i ka hua ʻana o nā hua me nā lele lele i ke ana wela a me ka momona;
- maʻalahi o nā hua, Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea ʻelua a hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i ka waina homemade a me nā hua puaʻa kiʻekiʻe, ʻike ʻia e ka ʻono a me ke ola lōʻihi;
- uʻi nā ʻano kūwaho o nā kumu waina a me nā hua e hoʻohana i ka māla waina no nā hana hoʻonaninani.
Ma waho o nā mea maikaʻi, he mea nui e ʻike i nā mea maikaʻi ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi:
- wāwahi ʻana i nā hua ke hele a ʻō, no laila, he mea pono e nānā i ke kaʻina ulu, ʻohi ʻana, ke lilo nā hua i uliuli polū a hoʻopiha ʻia me ka wai momona;
- ke kuea waena i ka paila, paukū palū a me ka pala pala, ʻo ia ke kumu e pono ai i nā nāhelehele ke hana maʻamau e hoʻopau i ka nalo ʻana o ka hopena o ka hua.
ʻEnehana ʻenehana
Kanu maikaʻi nā kanu ʻōpio i ka wā puna. I ke kau kau, aʻa ke kanu i ka lepo a acclimatize i nā ʻano kūwaho kūwaho. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ke kanu ʻana i ka hāʻule, e hoʻokō wale i nā ana āpau e pale ai i nā kumu hua waina mai nā mahana haʻahaʻa.
ʻO ke kūlana nui e hoʻoholo pololei i ka wahi no ke kanu ʻana i nā lāʻau ulu. Ke koho ʻana i kahi pūnaewele, e hāʻawi i ka makemake i nā wahi sunlit a me nā wahi hoʻomalu.
Nā pae o ke kanu ʻana:
- E hoʻomākaukau i ka pūnaewele, ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā nāhelehele āpau a ʻeli loa i ka lepo.
- No 2-3 mau pule pono ia hoʻomākaukau i nā lua, ke mālama nei i ka mamao ma waena o lākou mai 2 a 4 m.
- E kau i ka pōhaku i haki ʻia ma lalo o ka lua me kahi papa o 10 cm, ninini i kahi hui o humus a me ka lepo momona ma luna a uhi me ka honua, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai i nā aʻa o ka seedling mai nā papa momona.
- Hoʻokomo i kahi kui mai ka ʻaoʻao kūkulu ʻākau, ka mea i ke kaʻina o ka ulu e lilo i kākoʻo paʻa.
- Ma mua o ke kau ʻana kau i nā lūlū i ka wai a i ʻole ka hopena, paipai i ka ulu wikiwiki a me ke aʻa.
- Hoʻonoho ʻāpana no laila ke kuhi divergence o nā wana ma ka seedling i ka pae honua. E uhi pono me ka honua, e hoʻohui i ka wai no ka nui o ka lepo.
- A laila wai, hoʻopaʻa ma nā kuʻina kākoʻo a me ka mulch me ka lepo i momona me nā mea momona.
ʻO ka ulu ʻana i nā hua waina i ka makahiki mua kahi pae nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea kanu ʻōpio. No laila, pono ʻoe e mālama i ka māla waina mai ka manawa o ke kanu ʻana, e hana ana i nā kūlana ʻoluʻolu nona.
Mālama i nā kumu waina ʻōpio a makua
ʻAʻole manaʻo ʻia ka ʻano hua waina ʻo Jupiter i capricious e mālama, akā e hana i kahi hua piha piha piha, pono ia i ka mālama ʻana me kekahi mau lula mālama.
- hoʻolako i ka mea kanu me ka wai i ka manawa o ka haki ʻana o ka ʻōpuʻu, ma hope o ka pua ʻana a i ka wā o ka ulu ʻana o nā huaʻai, e ka ʻauwai kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻohana ana i ka wai ma kahi mahana o ka lumi;
- teritori maopopo ke ulu nei nā mea kanu mai ka mauʻu;
- palu i ka lepo e mālama i ke ʻano o ka lepo, ka hana pololei o kāna microflora, ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai a me ka pale ʻana i nā mea kanu nāhelehele;
- ʻike ke kumu a me ka hānai ʻana i nā lau nā mea pono kūpono;
- ʻoki i nā kumu waina, e ka hoʻopōkole ʻana i nā wana e 6-8 mau maka, kahi e kōkua ai i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā mea kanu e hoʻonui i nā hua.
- e hoʻoneʻe i nā wana palupalu i ka wā puna, i huki ʻole ai lākou i ka waiwai o nā mea kanu;
- hana i nā hana ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻo ia hoʻi nā ʻōpala, ka ʻūlū ʻana i nā kiko ulu a me ka ʻuwī ʻana;
- hoʻolilo kālā pale ʻāpala e pale aku i ka hoʻohaumia ʻia o ka māla waina me nā maʻi a me nā mea make;
- pale i nā nāhele ʻōpio mai ka hau i ka hoʻoilo, ma ka uhi ʻana iā lākou i nā mea kūikawā e ʻae ai i ka māū a me ka ea e hāʻawi ai i kahi microclimate maʻamau.
He hopena maikaʻi ka mālama kūpono i ka ulu ʻana o ka hua a me ka ulu ʻana o ka māla waina ma ke ʻano he nui.
Nā hana hana hou
Maʻa ke aʻa a ulu aʻa ke aʻa. Hiki ke hoʻolaha ʻia ʻo Jupiter:
ʻO nā ʻoki aʻa a i ʻole nā mea ulu i hoʻopili ʻia
Maikaʻi kēia ʻano hānau no ka mea hoʻoili loa nā nahele i nā ʻano ʻenehana o nā ʻano like ʻole. A ʻike ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona i hoʻopili ʻia e ka ikaika ulu ikaika.
E ke kahakaha ʻana i ke kumu kumu
Wahi a nā manaʻo o nā mea inu waina ʻike, ka hoʻokaulike maikaʻi loa o nā ʻano Jupiter me nā aʻa hua waina Kober 5BB, C04 a me Berlandieri HRiparia.
Nā papa mai ka ululāʻau makuahine
I kēia hihia, pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i kahi hua nā kumu waina me nā kumu waina ikaika, oʻo maikaʻi, ka mea e lilo i mea no ka mahi ʻana i nā hua waina.
Nā maʻi a me nā mea hōʻino
Ke kūpaʻa awelika o Jupiter i ka maʻi. No laila, pono e hakakā mau ka palu a me ka momona, ʻo ia hoʻi, mālama mau ʻia me nā ʻākena kūikawā no nā maʻi fungal. Pono e hoʻomaka i ka pale ʻana i ka wā mua o ka puna, ke hoʻokumu ʻia nā lau ʻōpio, ma ka awelika o ka mahana wela o 12̊C, a hoʻomau a hiki i ka oʻo ʻana o nā hua.
Hiki ke hoʻouka ʻia ka mea kanu e nā mea pests he nui, ʻo ia hoʻi nā aphids hua waina, nā weevils, nā ticks, nā midges. I mea e lilo ʻole ai ka māla waina i ke kikowaena o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā pepelu weliweli, pono e mālama ʻia nā kaʻina hana pale i ka manawa. I ka wā puna a me ka lau, e hemo a puhi i nā lau i hāʻule. E nānā pū i nā nahele, a inā ʻike ʻia kahi pilikia, e huli i nā ʻano mechanical a me nā kemika.
ʻO ka hua waina Jupiter kahi mea hoihoi i nā mea inu waina, ma muli o ke ʻano pala mua, ka helehelena uʻi o nā hua, ko lākou ʻono lōkahi, a me ke kūʻē ʻana i nā mea kūpilikiʻi a me nā ʻano pae.