ʻO Tomato ka mea kanu ākea ākea i ka honua. Wahi a nā helu helu, ʻo 3 mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hōʻea ka hana honua ʻana o nā ʻōmato i 150-160 miliona mau tona a ʻaʻole ia e hāʻule ma lalo o kēia pae. ʻO nā paʻi Tomato, nā wai, nā ketchup, nā salakeke, nā meaʻai - kahi palena palena ʻole o ka hoʻohana no kēia mea kanu pono. Nui ka waiwai o Tomato i nā huaora, nā minelala, nā kumuwaiwai i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o nā huahana he ʻumi ma ka honua i hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia no ke kino o ke kanaka. I loko o kā mākou ʻatikala, e noʻonoʻo mākou i kahi ʻano Roma hoihoi a hāʻawi i kona ʻano a me ka wehewehe.
Mōʻaukala hānau
ʻO ka hana a nā mea hānai a puni ka honua e hiki ke hana i nā ʻano mea kanu o nā mea kanu like ʻole me ke ākea a i ʻole, me ka nānā kikoʻī.
ʻO nā kōmato Roma kahi hui o nā ʻano kōmato i hānai ʻia e nā mea hoʻohua ʻAmelika. Loaʻa iā lākou nā ʻano ākea āpau i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka laulā mai ka ʻōpala huaʻai āpau i ka hana ʻana i ka paʻi kōmato mānoanoa a me ka ketchup.
Ua hānai ʻia ʻo Tomato Roma F1 a me Roma VF i nā makahiki 50 a ua ākea i ka USA, Mexico, Australia, Great Britain.
Ma Rūsia, mahi mau ʻia nā ʻano Dutch, no laila ʻaʻole lākou i makemake nui ʻia ma aneʻi, akā i nā ʻano āpau, kūpono ke ʻano i ka nānā pono ʻana o nā māla.
Ka wehewehe o nā ʻano a me nā ʻano o ka Tomato Tomato
ʻO nā ulu lāʻau Tomato Roma - hoʻoholo, ikaika, waena - hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe 60-70 cm... Hiki ke hoʻokō i ka hua maikaʻi ke hoʻokumu ʻia kahi nahele o 1-2 mau koʻokoʻo.
Roma - hapalua lā kau, ka wā o ke oʻo piha ʻana o nā hua mai ka manawa o ka germination a hiki i ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka mākau ʻenehana e nā hua - 120-125 mau lā... I ke aniau mehana o nā wahi hema ma nā mahana maʻamau, loaʻa ka manawa i ka hua i ke ākea a i ʻole ma lalo o kahi uhi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, i nā wahi ʻē aʻe - i nā greenhouse.
ʻO nā hua o ka ʻano Roma he ʻano plum cylindrical (cream) me kahi kiko ʻoi loa, ʻulaʻula. Paʻa ka pulp, momona, ʻono maikaʻi. Lawe maikaʻi ʻia nā hua, mālama i kā lākou ʻono no ka manawa lōʻihi, mai haki i ka wā o ke kō, mālama i ko lākou ʻono a me ko lākou ʻano.
Wahi a nā loiloi o nā māla i ulu i kēia kōmato, kūpono ia no ke kāwili ʻana, kahi waiho wā lōʻihi, ke anu. Ma nā ʻāina ʻē, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Tomato Tomato e hana i nā mea ʻono a me nā ʻano like ʻole, nā sausa a me nā ketchup, ʻoiai kūpono kēia ʻano kikoʻī no kēia.
Hoʻololi ka nui o nā hua i ulu ma ke kula ākea mai 60 a 90g, i nā greenhouse hiki 110g... He kiʻekiʻe loa ka huahana o ka nahele, akā hāʻawi nā kumuwaiwai ʻokoʻa i nā ʻōuli ʻokoʻa: mai 6-8kg a i 13-15kg o ka mika mika.
ʻO Tomato o kēia ʻano hana maikaʻi ʻole i ka wela kiʻekiʻe: ʻaʻole kanu pono ʻia nā mea kanu pua, a piʻi nui ka hopena o nā maʻi fungal.
I ke kiʻina kiʻekiʻe, pono ia e hoʻokō i ka pollination a me prophylaxis kūʻē i nā fungi.
Nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā maikaʻi ʻole o ka ʻano
No laila, e hōʻuluʻulu i nā mea āpau i luna. ʻO nā ʻano maikaʻi kūpono o nā kōmato Roma F1 a me Roma VF e komo pū ana:
- determinant ʻano nahele;
- hua hua wā lōʻihi;
- hua kiʻekiʻe;
- versatility o ka hua;
- mālama maikaʻi no ka manawa lōʻihi;
- ke kūpaʻa ʻana i kekahi helu o nā maʻi.
No nā hemahema, wale nō:
- ke ahonui ʻole i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wai a me nā loli;
- susceptibility i fungal maʻi a me ka hope blight.
ʻOihana ʻenehana: nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻōmato Roma e ulu nei
ʻO ka papahana agrotechnical maʻamau no ka ulu ʻana i nā tōmato o kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā kōmato kau waena.
ʻO ka koho ʻoi loa ka ulu ʻana i nā lūlū a hoʻolilo iā lākou e wehe i ka honua a i nā greenhouse i kahi ulu mau o ka ulu.
ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau a me ka lūlū ʻana i nā hua no nā mea kanu ke hua i ka ʻelua mau makahiki o Malaki, ʻelua mau mahina ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i nā lūlū mākaukau i ka lepo.
Mālama ʻia nā ʻanoʻano me kahi hopena manganese, a laila ʻūlū ʻia i kahi lole ʻūpū a paʻakikī ʻia no 2-3 mau lā i loko o ka pahu hau (t + 2). Me ka ʻole o ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana, hoʻokomo ʻia lākou i loko o kahi lepo momona i hoʻomākaukau mua ʻia i kahi hohonu o 1-1.5 cm, hoʻoliʻiliʻi iki, uhi ʻia me kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni a hoʻonoho ʻia i kahi mehana a mālamalama maikaʻi a hiki i ka puka ʻana o nā wana mua.
Hoʻokumu ka luʻu a me nā puncer pincer mahope o ka hiohiona o 2 lau maoli... I ka wā o ka ulu ʻana o nā lūlū, pono ʻoe e nānā i ka mālama ʻana o ka maʻamau maʻamau, ka mālamalama maikaʻi a me ka lōʻihi (14 mau lā i ka lā). Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokō i nā lole ʻaukā he 1-2 me kahi wā mawaena o 10-15 mau lā me nā mea momona paʻakikī, ka hopena waikawa boric.
I hoʻokahi pule ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i ka ʻāina ākea, nā lūlū huhū - no kekahi mau hola i kēlā me kēia lā e lawe ʻia lākou i waho i ke alanui a i ʻole i kahi lumi anuanu.
Hoʻomākaukau mua ka lepo no nā lūlū, pono pono ke momona a komo ʻia me 50% lepo a me 50% humus a i ʻole peat.
Lawe ʻia ka transplant i loko o ka ʻāina ākea ke hiki aku nā mea kanu ʻelua mahina o ka makahiki (no nā ʻano kau waena waena), ma ka liʻiliʻi 20-25cm i ke kiʻekiʻe a me 8-10 mau pepa maoli, e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā 70x40cm. Ma hope o 10 mau lā, ke aʻa nā mea kanu, hiki ke hana i ka hānai mua.
ʻOiai he ʻano determinant nā nāhelehele, pono lākou hana i nā kumu 1-2, e hoʻopaʻa pono i nā pae kūleʻa no ka paʻa, e loaʻa ana i kahi hua kiʻekiʻe.
I ko lākou ulu ulu ʻana, hana nā nāhelehele i nā wana ʻaoʻao he nui, kahi e pono ai e pin. ʻO ka hoʻohāinu ʻana i nā ʻōmato Roma e maʻa mau, ʻaʻole nui a wai mau i ka wai mehana.
Nā maʻi a me ka pale ʻana
Kūʻē nui nā mea kanu i nā maʻi maʻamau e like me ka fusarium a me ka wilting verticillium.
Kiʻekiʻe loa maʻalahi i loaʻa i ka maʻi puʻu a, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, nā koʻohune fungal. ʻO kahi pale maikaʻi loa i kēia mau maʻi e pīpī nei i nā koʻokoʻo, nā lau a me ka ovary me kahi hopena o boric acid a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā ʻōmato o nā ʻano like ʻole ʻo Roma F1 a me Roma VF he nui nā keu maikaʻi: ʻono maikaʻi, mālama i ka maikaʻi, unpretentiousness, hua kiʻekiʻe, nani nani o nā hua. ʻO kaʻohi o ka moʻomeheu e ʻoluʻolu a uku hoʻi no ka pilikia.