ʻO ka ʻōlelo mua o ka mahi ʻana o mulard mai ka makahiki 1960 ma Palani. ʻO Mulard kahi hano o ke alakaʻi o ka ʻiʻo, i loaʻa i ke keʻa ʻana i nā drakes o ka musky duck (Indo-duck) a me nā ʻeke Peking.
Ua hana ʻia ka hybrid e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā ʻano o nā ʻano mākua i mea e loaʻa ai kahi kanaka hou i hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia. ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa ʻo Mulard i ka nāhelehele, ʻaʻole lākou e hānau i kā lākou iho a ulu wale i ka home ma ka hoʻolālā o kahi kanaka.
Ka wehewehe ʻana i nā ʻano manu
Nui nā Mulard nā manu keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo me kahi kiko ʻeleʻele ma ke poʻo, mahalo i kēia ʻano i ka maʻalahi o ka hybrid e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā ʻeke ʻē aʻe. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mākua ma mua o ko lākou mau mākua (Peking a me Muscovy duck). Kahuna lahilahi, puʻupuʻu, kūkulu maikaʻi ʻia, elongated me nā ʻēheu paʻa pono. Poʻo ka nui waena, nuku māmā, elongated, ʻeleʻele nā maka, ʻāʻī elongated. Nā wāwae pōkole melemele, huelo liʻiliʻi.
Mai hāʻawi ʻo Mulard i keiki, no laila, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia kēia peʻa no ka hānau ʻana. I kekahi manawa hana kolohe nā drakes, a hoʻomoe nā ʻūlū, akā ma muli o ka hiki ʻole ke kiʻi ʻia me ka ʻole o nā keiki momona, ua hōʻoia ʻia kēia mea e nā noiʻi a me nā hoʻokolohua. Hāpai ʻia nā Hybrids no kā lākou momona momona momona (ʻo ka pākēneka o ka momona he 3% wale nō) kaʻiʻo, e like me ka Indo-waiū, me ka ʻaʻala ʻole, a me kahi akepaʻa momona nui e hoʻomākaukau ai i kahi meaʻai momona foie gras. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻeke Peking, mālie ka mulardy, ʻaʻole walaʻau a maʻemaʻe ʻole.
Nā kūlana o ka hoʻopaʻa a me ka mālama
Kūpono nā mulard no ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻoihana a me ka home. I kahi hanana ʻoihana ulu ka hybrid i loko o nā hale moa kūikawā i hoʻolako ʻia me nā ʻano hana a me nā ʻenehana pono. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā pepeke no ka momona, a hoʻohana ʻia nā drakes e loaʻa ai ke ake. Hoʻohana nā ʻoihana i ka papahele a me ka mālama ʻana i nā moa.
Ke ulu nei i nā hoʻolālā hale ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka mulard mai ka ʻike o nā ʻāpō o nā ʻano a me nā keʻa ʻē aʻe. I ke kauwela, he waiwai waiwai ka mālama ʻana i ka manu ma nā paddock i hoʻolako ʻia me nā mea hānai kūikawā a me nā mea inu. I ka pō, hānai ʻia nā ʻāpō i loko o ka bale a pani ʻia. ʻAʻole waiho iki ʻo Mulard no ka hoʻoilo, no ka mea kūpono ʻole lākou no ka hoʻoulu ʻana, a i ka wā o ke kau hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomākaukau i kahi pālū no ka luku ʻana mai kahi ʻāpō. Ma muli o kēia ʻano o ka ulu ʻana, ʻaʻohe pono no nā kapikala a me nā hale insulated maikaʻi. No ka mālama pono o ka mulard ʻo kahi lumi maʻalahi me nā papahele maikaʻi a ʻaʻohe lua no nāʻiole a me nā mea ʻaihue ʻē aʻe e lawa ai. ʻAʻohe kikoo i ka hale ʻai. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema, hana ʻia kahi puka i loko o ka hale, ʻo ka lua ma luna o ka papahele e 5-8 cm a paʻa paʻa ʻia me ka puka. Pono e kūkulu ka hale moa ma ka helu o nā pākē no 1 sq. m 3 poʻo. I ka hele wāwae pono ka manu e manuahi, no laila ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia 1 mika mika no 1 poʻo. m āpana. No ka hānai ʻana, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hānai kūikawā me ka lōʻihi o 110 a me ka laulā o 23 knm no kahi manu makua, a no nā holoholona ʻōpio 100x14.5. ʻike Hana ʻia kahi pā ma luna o nā mea hānai i ʻole e lūlū nā manu i ka hānai. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻohana i nā mea inu nipple no ka wai.
Mahana hale pono he 16-18 ° C, me kahi onaona o 60-70%. Hana ʻia ka uhi papahele i ka wahie, ʻāpana a i ʻole mauʻu. Pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka ea maʻamau o ka hale.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mākua: ke kaupaona o nā drakes a me nā ʻāpala
Kaumaha mulard - 4-7 kg. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa o ke kaupaona ma waena o nā drakes a me nā ʻāiki he 500 g wale nō. I nā mahina 3 loaʻa ka manu i 4 kg. Me ka mahi wā lōʻihi, hiki ka nui i 7 kg, ʻaneʻane like me ke kaupaona o ke gose. Paʻa ate mulard 500-550 g. ʻAi hānai i kēlā me kēia lā 340 g.
No ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mulele, hiki iā ʻoe keʻaʻe i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole. Ua hui pū nā Drakes o nā pēpē musk me nā ʻeke Peking, nā peke Rouen, nā peke ʻo Orgpington a me nā Allies. Ma ke ʻano he hopena o kēa mau keʻa, loaʻa nā ʻāpō i nā waihoʻoluʻu like ʻole a me nā aka.
Ka hānai ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana
Mai ka mulard hiki ʻole ke hānau, a laila hoʻohana ʻia nā musk a me nā pēpē Peking e loaʻa ai nā ʻāpō. No ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mulele, hana ʻia nā ʻohana mai kahi 1 musky drake a me 4-6 Peking duck. ʻO ka makahiki ʻoi loa no ka male ʻana he 7-10 mau mahina. Hoʻomaka nā pākū e waiho i kahi hua manua i nā lā 180-210. Ma kahi o 15-20 mau hua e waiho ʻia ma lalo o ka hen.
Mea nui! ʻO ka hatchability o nā moa ma lalo o ka moa moa he 60%, a i ka incubator ua aneane 100%, kahi e pono ai a me ka waiwai e hoʻohana ai i ka incubator.
ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻano o ke ʻano ka ʻokoʻa e kona unpretentiousness a me ke oʻo mua, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia kekahi mau ʻano i ka wā e hānau ai. Ke hoʻomaka ka puka ʻana mai o nā nalo, hoʻomākaukau lākou wahi noho... Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka nui o nā moa, hiki i kēia ke lilo i pahu a i ʻole kahi lumi holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻomoe ʻia kahi ʻōpala mauʻu a mauʻu paha i ka papahele. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, loaʻa i nā ʻāpua nā wela mai kā lākou mau makuahine, a i nā ʻano hana, hoʻonoho ʻia nā kumu hou. MA nā lā mua o ke ola pono e hoʻolako ʻia ka hale me ka wela, mahana i loko o ka hale 28-30 ° С, ma hope o kekahi mau lā ua hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻia i 23 ° С. Uila hana i nā kuleana nui i nā lā mua a kōkua i nā ʻanakū e hoʻomaʻa i nā kūlana kūwaho. ʻO nā lā mua, pono ka uila i ka uaki. Ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o nā pēpē liʻiliʻi iki, hoʻemi ʻia ke kukui i nā hola he 15-17 i ka lā.
I ka lā mua ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻāpō ke ʻai i kā lākou iho, hoʻohana ʻia lākou e hānai iā lākou pahu hopu kūikawākūʻai ʻia ma nā hale kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau. Hoʻomaka ka mulards iā lākou iho e ʻai no 2-3 mau lā. Ma hope o ka pā ʻana o nā ʻūlū a hoʻomaloʻo, ua soldered lākou kahi hopena nāwaliwali o ka potassium permanganate... ʻO ka hānai mua kahi hua moa paʻakikī a wīwī ʻia hoʻi. Mai ka lā 10, hoʻohui ʻia ka palaoa palaʻai maikaʻi i ka papaʻai. Mai nā lā he 10 o ka makahiki hānai ʻia nā mulele i 2 manawa i ka lā. Mai 2 mau pule he pono e hāʻawi iā duckweed. ʻO kahi mea nui i ka hānai ʻana i nā ʻāpō ʻo ia kaʻiʻo a me ka iwi iwi a me ka bran. I mea e normalize ai i ka puna i loko o ke kino, hoʻohui ʻia nā pūpū ʻānai i ka papaʻai. Pono nā ʻāpō hānai me nā minamina i hoʻohui ʻia: kapelu, limestone a me ka pōhaku pūpū. I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i nā hana digestive, hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻāpō i nā ʻiliahi. He wai maʻemaʻe mau nā Ducklings. Inā hiki, ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui, ʻae ʻia e hāʻawi i ka tī hale ma ka nui o 1 gram ma ke poʻo.
Mea nui! ʻAʻole palena ka Mulard i ka meaʻai, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou e makaʻu i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka momona, a i ke kaʻina o ka hānai nui ʻana, ulu wale ka nui o nā mākala
ʻAiʻai Ducklings pono i loko o 20% protein, 1 kg o ka hānai ʻaiʻē no 2800 kcal o ka ikehu. Ma hope o 3 mau pule, koho ʻia ka papahana hānai: ikaika, laulā a me ka hapa nui.
ʻO ka ʻenehana ikaika ka hānai pellets, i loaʻa ma kahi o 17% protein. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻenehana semi-intensive ma ka hānai ʻana me ka granular, pulu a me ka hānai nui. I ke ʻano nui, hānai ʻia ka palaoa a me ka palaoa i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui meaʻai. Mai nā hebedoma 5-6 e hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā manu i loko o ka pā. Lawe ʻia ka luku ma 3-4 mau mahina, ke hōʻea nā mulele i ke kaupaona ola kūpono.
Foie gras hanai mulard
Fakesening drakes e kiʻi i ke ake momona momona o nā ʻanuʻu he 3. I nā pule he 3 o ke ola, hānai ʻia nā moa i ke ala maʻamau. A laila kanu ʻia ka manu i loko o nā hīnaʻi liʻiliʻi a liʻiliʻi i hiki ʻole ke neʻe nui. No nā pule he 4 e hiki mai ana, hānai ʻia nā ʻāpō i kahi papaʻai kiʻekiʻe i ka starch a me ka protein, e hāʻawi i ka ulu wikiwiki o ka manu. Mai ka 8-10 mau pule o ka makahiki, hoʻomaka ka pae hānai ikaika. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka meaʻai i ka ʻāʻī e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻāʻī me kahi paipu, ma kēia ʻano e loaʻa ai i ka manu he 1.8 kg o ka palaoa i kēlā me kēia lā. Hanai ikaika hala 12-21 mau lā.
MAKAHI E IKE: ʻo ke akepaʻa o nā mulards i hānai ʻia ma foie gras ulu he 10 mau manawa i kona nui maʻamau.
Nā maʻi o nā ʻāpō i ka wā e hānai ana
Ikaika loa nā Mulard a nā hybrids kūpaʻa maʻi... ʻAe hoʻomanawanui lākou i ke anuanu a me ka mahana keu. Me ka papaʻai kaulike maʻamau, ulu wikiwiki ka manu a ʻaʻole ʻeha i nā hemahema o ka huaora. Akā, ʻoiai nā kūlana hoʻololi maikaʻi, hiki mau i nā muled i kekahi mau maʻi, ke hōʻike ʻia nei ka hōʻike ma lalo nei.
Aspergillosis
Ua hele a maʻi ka manu i kēia maʻi e ka ʻume ʻana i nā pahiolo, kahi i loko o kahi fungus e ulu ana i ka mauʻu momona a me ka hānai kahiko. Ma 50% o nā hihia, make ka make. Nā Hōʻailona: lethargy, ʻai maikaʻi ʻole, luaʻi, hanu wikiwiki, hoʻokuʻu nasal a me ka lōlō o nā wāwae a me nā ʻeheu i nā pae hope loa. No ka mālama ʻana i ka aspergillosis, hoʻohui ʻia kahi hopena paʻa ʻole o ka sulfate keleawe i ka wai, akā hoʻohui ʻia ka nystatin i ka hānai.
ʻ .hulu huki
ʻO kekahi o nā pilikia koʻikoʻi o ka mulard ka huki ʻana i ka hulu. Kū ka maʻi ma muli o ka nui ka nele o ka protein i ke kino aiʻole nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana. I kahi wahi liʻiliʻi, lepo a maikaʻi ʻole hoʻi, e lilo ka hulu manu i mea lepo, kahi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine ai nā ʻāpō iā lākou iho. I mea e pale aku ai i ka pecking, pono ia e kaulike i nā wā no nā macro a me nā microelement a pili i nā kūlana hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me nā maʻemaʻe ma ka hale manu.
ʻO Cloacite
Kū kēia maʻi ma muli o ka nele o nā wikamina. ʻIke ʻia kahi membrane mucous ma ka cloaca o ka ʻāpala, a ʻike ʻia ka pā ma kahi pae holomua. No ka lapaʻau, ʻo ka mea mua, hoʻomaʻemaʻe lākou i ka cloaca, lubricate i ka membrane mucous me ka hopena iodine a hoʻopili i ka hamo zinc. Inā ʻike ʻia ka maʻi i ka pae mua, a laila ʻaʻole e ʻeha ka ʻūpī a hōʻeha ʻole ʻia kāu mahiʻai.
Nā mea maikaʻi a me nā mea maikaʻi ʻole o ka lāhui
Nā mea maikaʻi
Ka maʻemaʻe. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka hybrid e kona maʻemaʻe a me kona helehelena maikaʻi, mahalo i kēia waiwai, hoʻohana ākea ʻia kā lākou fluff i ka ʻoihana.
Kūlana mālie. ʻAʻole like me nā ʻeke Peking, leo nui ʻole nā mulele, e hana me ka mālie a mai hoʻonāukiuki i nā mea hoʻohua me ka walaʻau mau.
Oʻo oʻo. Loaʻa wikiwiki ʻo Mulard i ke kaupaona me ka hānai maʻamau, e like me nā pēpē ʻē aʻe, a ma 3-4 mau mahina e hele lākou i ka luku.
Nā ʻano ʻiʻo kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā wahine no ka momona. Māmā kaʻiʻo Mulard, no ka mea i ke kaʻina o ka ulu ulu ʻana ka manu i ka nui o nā mākala wale nō. ʻAʻohe kiko o ka ʻiʻo, palupalu a ʻono hoʻi.
ʻO Foie gras ʻO ia ka ake mulard e hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomākaukau i kahi ipu foie gras maikaʻi. E loaʻa ai nā foie gras, hoʻohana wale ʻia nā drakes; i ka manawa momona, hiki i ke ake 500-550 g.
Unpretentiousness. ʻAʻole koi nā mulards i kahi mālama kūikawā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kā lākou mālama ʻana ma mua o nā ʻāpō maʻamau. Hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻo Hybrids i nā anuanu a me nā anuanu.
Nā mea maikaʻi ʻole
ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā keiki. No ka mea he hybrids nā mulele, ʻaʻole hiki ke kiʻi ʻia nā holoholona ʻōpio mai iā lākou, no laila, no ka hoʻoulu ʻana, pono e hele i ka musky a me kahi ʻeke Peking i kēlā me kēia manawa.
ʻAʻole lākou i hoʻomanawanui i ka pulu. He huki kūpono ʻole kēia, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka mulard i nā peni maloʻo e pale aku ai i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole.
Mulard hānau ma ka home ʻoi aku ka maʻalahima mua o kahi pēpē maʻamau. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i nā hua manu a hoʻokomo iā lākou i loko o ka incubator a i ʻole kūʻai mai i nā ʻāpō koke. Maʻalahi no ke kau ulu aʻe kahi ʻā pepeke piha, ka mea hiki keʻoki ʻia i ka hāʻule. Nui ka ʻiʻo a he haʻahaʻa-momona hoʻi ia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻoki ʻana iā ia i 4 mau mahina, ʻaʻohe mea e mālama hou ʻia ai, a paʻakikī ka ʻāʻī. ʻAʻole ʻai ʻo Mulard hānai ma mua o kā Peking duck, akā ulu ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kino. ʻAʻole pono e kūkulu i nā hale kapena no ka hoʻoilo: Kūʻai wau i nā ʻalalā i ka puna, a pepehi iā lākou i ka hāʻule aʻaʻohe pilikia. ʻO ka hoʻohui nui ka ʻo ke kaupaona like o nā ʻāpō a me nā drakes, ʻaʻole ma nā ʻano ʻē aʻe he nui ka kāne, akā i ka wahine ʻaʻohe mea e ʻike ai. Kūpono ʻo Mulard no ka ulu ʻana o ka home: wikiwiki, kumukūʻai a ʻono.
ʻO Mulardy paha, ʻoi loa ka hānai pālolo. ʻIke ka poʻe āpau i ko lākou ʻano momona a me ka loaʻa wikiwiki i ka manawa pōkole. Kūpono ʻole kēia mau ʻāʻī a noho mālie i ka pā. Nā pepelu ma ke kaupaona ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa mai drakes... Hoʻohana ʻia kēia hybrid e hana i ka ake nui foie gras. ʻAʻole lākou i hānau iā lākou iho, akā he pilikia liʻiliʻi kēia, hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai mau i nā moa a i ʻole nā hua manu no ka hoʻokomo ʻana. A inā he manawa kūpono a me ka manawa, a laila i nā māla kōkua, hana ʻia nā ʻohana o Peking musk duck a me kā lākou kōkua hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā keiki mulard i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Mulard - he koho maikaʻi loa kēia na ka poʻe makemake e loaʻa kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me kaʻiʻo momona.