ʻO ka nitrogen mea kanu ke kumu nui i ka papaʻai. I mea no nā mea kanu - i loko, nā māla, a me nā cereala i ke kula - e ulu ikaika, flutter, e hoʻonui i ka nui ʻōmaʻomaʻo, e mohala a hua i ka hua - pono lākou i ka nitrogen. ʻO ka palapala i mākaukau loa e loaʻa no ka lawe ʻana o ka nitrogen i ka amonia a i ʻole ka ammonium nitrate NH4CL. E kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka māla a me ka māla hou.
He aha ka amonia
ʻO Ammonia kahi hopena amonia kahi e loaʻa ai ka nitrogen i ke ʻano o ka pūhui ammonium nitrate - NH4CL. I ke ʻano a puni, loaʻa pinepine ka nitrogen i ke ʻano o nā ʻano kemika e like me amide NH2 +, amonia NH3, ammonium NH4 +, nitrite NO2-, nitrate NO3-, a ma muli o ke kahe kūlohelohe i ke kūlohelohe, e hele i kekahi ʻano i kekahi ma lalo o ka mana o ka bacteria a meaolaola.
E like me kāu e ʻike ai, komo koke nā mea kanu i nā nitrates i kēlā me kēia nui, akā ʻaʻole lākou makemake i ka nitrogen i ke ʻano o ka amonia. A i ʻole, ʻAʻole hiki i ka nitrogen i kēia palapala ke hōʻiliʻili i nā mea kanu o nā mea kanu, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke hānai ʻana i nā hua, nā mea kanu, nā pua me ka amonia, ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke makaʻu i ka oversaturation me ka amonia.
I mea e māʻona ai nā mea kanu kūlohelohe i nā mea kanu me ka nitrogen a lākou e pono ai, ke kaʻina hana o ka decomposition o nā meaola (manure, droppings) me ke kōkua o nā microorganism. ʻO Ammonia, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hele i nā ʻano i loaʻa no ka lawe pono ʻia ʻana e nā mea kanu me ka ʻole o ke komo ʻana o nā microorganism mai waho.
Nā pono no ka māla a me ka māla mea kanu
No laila, ʻo ka nitrogen ke kumu nui o ka meaʻai no nā meaola mea kanu. He kalaunu lush ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, kahi nui o nā pua, a laila nā huaʻai, hoʻomohala vegetative hana - pili kēia i ka ʻike nitrogen i ka lepo, ʻoiai hiki i nā mea kanu ke lawe iā ia wale nō mai ka lepo (i ka lewa a hiki i ka 78% nitrogen i kahi ʻano i hiki ʻole i nā mea kanu). E haʻi ka mokuʻāina o kāu mau holoholona iā ʻoe e pili ana i ka nele o ka nitrogen:
- melemele, pale o nā lau lalo i nā mea kanu a me nā mea ulu makua;
- ʻūni lahilahi, nāwaliwali a me nā lau liʻiliʻi;
- ʻo ka ulu ʻana o ka ulu, ka nele o nā pua;
- nāwaliwali nāwaliwali - hoʻemi i ke kūpaʻa i ka hau.
ʻO ka nele o ka nitrogen i ka wā o ka hoʻomohala ʻana e hopena i ka pohō nui o ka hua.
I kēia hihia, koi ʻia ka hānai koke ʻana i nā mea kanu me ka naikokene. I mea e hoʻomāhuahua ʻole ai iā lākou me ka paʻakai, a lākou e hōʻiliʻili ai i loko o kā lākou mau hua a me nā aʻa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka amonia i ka lepo (e hāʻawi ʻia nā meaʻai no ka lole ma lalo).
A koe, ʻo ka pilau hohono o ka huahana ke hoʻoweliweli aku i nā mea nui a me nā mea kolo, aʻo ka mālama ʻana me ka amonia kahi ala maikaʻi loa e hana pū ai me lākou.
ʻO ka hopena Amonia me he mea momona
ʻO nā mea kanu Solanaceous - uala, eggplants, a me ka pepa, kāpī, ʻumeke a me zucchini - pono i kahi nui o ka nitrogen i loko o ka lepo no ka hoʻomohala hana ʻana a me ka hua ʻana. Mai nā hua a me nā hua berry - raspberries, blackberry, cherry a me nā plums e hana maikaʻi loa i ka momona me ka amonia. Pono lākou e hana i nā manawa he nui i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kau e ulu ana, ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka pua a me ka pua.
ʻO Dahlias, roses, peonies, clematis, violets, zinnias a me nasturtiums e leʻaleʻa iā ʻoe me nā pua nani - mahalo wale kēia mau pua i ka hānai ʻana me ka nitrogen i ke ʻano o ka hopena amonia.
ʻO nā kukama, ʻōmato, kāloti, beets, kulina, kālika, currant a me nā kumu lāʻau gooseberry, nā ʻāpala a me nā pua o ka makahiki me ka ʻikepili nitrogen maʻamau i ka lepo.
ʻO ka lawe nitrogen kūpono o nā pears, radishes, onion a me nā pua bulbous... Akā ʻaʻole pono nā legume i ka hānai hou ʻana - hiki iā lākou ke omo i ka hauhene mai ka lewa a hōʻiliʻili ia ma nā nodule aʻa, e hoʻonui ana i ka lepo no nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe.
ʻO kahi hopena ākea o ka hānai ʻana i nitrogenous o nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu hua - dilute 50 ml o ka amonia i 4 liters o ka wai. Inā makemake ʻia kahi hopena nāwaliwali, dilute 1 punetēpō o ka huahana i 10 liters o ka wai, kahi hopena o ka ikaika ikaika (ʻae ʻia ka palena kiʻekiʻe) - 1 teaspoon no 1 lita o ka wai.
Pehea e hānai ai
Hoʻohinu ʻia nā lāʻau hua, nāhelehele, nā pua kū mau me kahi hopena ākea 2-3 mau manawa i kēlā me kēia kau. ʻAi ʻia ʻo Tomato i hoʻokahi manawa i ka pule, e hoʻomaka ana me nā kau palena liʻiliʻi a hoʻonui iki i ka konsentration. Ma lalo o nā kukama i ka hoʻomaka o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā ovaries, kahi hopena o 2 tbsp. puna / 10 liters o ka wai.
No ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo lush ma ka ʻaka, hoʻoinu ʻia ka moʻomeheu me kahi hopena paʻa (1 tsp / 1 l o ka wai). Akā no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi o nā ʻakaʻaka poʻo nui a me kālika, hoʻokahe ʻia lākou i hoʻokahi manawa i ka pule me kahi hopena nāwaliwali o ka huahana.
Ma ke ʻano he pale, nā mea kanu āpau, nā lāʻau berry, nā lāʻau hua a me nā pua e hoʻoinu ʻia i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 7-10 mau lā ma ke aʻa me kahi hopena nawaliwali o ka amonia - 1 punetēpō no 1 bākeke wai. Hiki ke hoʻonui iki i ka lāʻau inā pono nā mea kanu iā ia.
ʻO ka hānai ʻana me ka amonia kahi hopena maikaʻi loa i nā lūlū o nā ʻōmato, nā pepa a me nā kāpena, i hana ʻia i 2 mau pule ma hope o ke kohi. Ke kanu ʻia i ka honua ākea, ninini ʻia ka hapalua lita o ka hui (10 ml / 10 l o ka wai) i loko o kēlā me kēia lua - lawelawe ʻia kēia ma ke ʻano he luna kiʻekiʻe a hakakā maikaʻi me ka bea.
Pest kaohi
Hoʻopili ka pilau o ka amonia i nā pests he nui, a ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia no nā kānaka. Hoʻohana kūpono ʻia ia e kūʻē i nā ʻeneka e like me:
- naonao;
- bea;
- wireworm;
- aphids, midges ma nā mea kanu o loko;
- lele ka ʻakaʻakai a me ke kāloti.
E hana i kēia, hoʻomākaukau i kahi hopena kopa: hamo i ka 100-200 g kopa holoi ma kahi grater maikaʻi, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka 1 lita o ka wai wela, a laila mālie, e ʻoni pono, hoʻonui i 50 ml o 25% amonia i 10 liters o ka wai maʻamau. ʻO ka hopena i loaʻa koke ua pīpī ʻia me nā huaʻai ma nā lāʻau, nā lau, kāpī, nā ʻōmato, nā kukama - i kahi huaʻōlelo, nā mea kanu āpau e pono ai ka hana. ʻAʻole kēia e hoʻoweliweli wale aku i nā mea ʻino, nā nalo a me nā nalo, akā e lilo nō ia i mea ʻai lau nahele maikaʻi no nā mea kanu.
Hoʻohui ʻia ke kopa i ka hopena e pili pono ka hopena i nā lau, a ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana i nā hua, ua lawa ia e holoi pono i nā hua me ka wai holo.
No ka hemo ʻana o nā nalo a me nā naonao, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoinu i nā moena me kahi hopena nāwaliwali (e loaʻa ka hopena paʻakikī i ka hānai ʻana).
Nā hana palekana
ʻO ka pilau o ka amonia a me kāna mahu, inā ʻaʻole e mālama ʻia nā ʻano hana maʻamau, hiki ke weliweli.
- hiki i ka inhal koke ke hopu i ka hanu hopu, no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kāwili ʻana i nā hopena ma nā lumi hoʻoluʻu maikaʻi
- i ka poʻe e ʻeha nei i ka hanu kiʻekiʻe, hiki iā ia ke hoʻonui i ka piʻi nui o ke kaomi;
- ʻo ka amonia kahi lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole hihia e pono e kāwili ʻia me nā mea o loko o ka chlorine;
- e hōʻalo ai i ka wela ʻana, e akahele ʻaʻole e loaʻa ka huahana ma ka ʻili a me nā membrane mucous.
Me ka hoʻohana kūpono, e pili ana i nā kūlike a me nā lula, e lilo ka amonia i kou kōkua a me kou hoaaloha i hiki ʻole ke pani ʻia no nā mea kanu. Mahalo nui lākou iā ʻoe me kahi helehelena olakino a me kahi ʻohiʻohi momona.