Kaulana ka hua waina i ko lākou ʻono maikaʻi a me nā pono olakino. Aia kekahi ʻano hua waina ʻeleʻele Codryanka, kahi i koi ʻia ma ka mākeke no kāna ʻono a me kāna hōʻike. Lawe nā māla he nui i ka mahi ʻana o kēia ʻano, he aha kāu e ʻike ai e loaʻa kahi hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi? ʻO nā mea hou aʻe e pili ana i ka wehewehe ʻana o nā ʻano.
Hōʻike o ka hua waina Codrianka
Loaʻa nā ʻano ʻē e ke keʻa hybrid ma mua o 50 mau makahiki i hala aku nei ma Moldova. Ua laulaha ia i ka USSR a me nā ʻāina ʻē, kahi i ʻike ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa "Black Magic". ʻO nā hua waina "Moldova" a me "Marshal" ke kumu kumu o nā ʻano.
Nā ʻano hoʻoilina i loaʻa mai nā ʻano mākua:
- ka awelika kūpale o ka hau (-23 ° С)
- paapu a ikaika nā koʻokoʻo o nā puʻu, mai uhaʻi ma lalo o ka umekaumaha o ka hua
- ukana ma ka pana nui he awelika
- hua-nui
- kūpaʻa maʻi
- ke kakahiaka mua (110 - 120 mau lā, ʻAukake, hua a hiki i ka hopena o Kepakemapa mua ʻOkakopa)
- ulu ikaika nā ulu lāʻau
Nā ʻano pākahi o nā ʻano:
- ke kaulike kaulike a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā hui ma ka laʻalāʻau
- mai 500 a 600 g kaumaha o hoʻokahi pūpū
- hua kiʻekiʻe (50 kg / ha)
- hua i ka makahiki ʻelua
Nā hua waina i kahi wahi hiki iā ʻoe ke ulu a 30 mau makahiki, inā ʻoe e nānā i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka lepo a mālama i ka makū a me nā meaola e like me ka hiki.
Kūpono nā hua waina no ka ulu ʻana i ʻekolu mau moku o Rukia: North Caucasian, Nizhnevolzhsky, Uralsky. Ke ulu maikaʻi nei ma Ukraine, ma ke kikowaena a me ka hema o Belarus, a ma Moldova hoʻi.
Nā ʻike o nā mea nui:
- ʻIke kō - 18 - 20%
- ʻIke ʻino 6 - 7.5 g / l
- Wai - 79.9%
- Nā Proteins - 0.6 g / 100g
- ʻO ka momona - 0.6 g / 100g
Nā ʻano o nā hua
- 1 - 2 mau hua i hoʻokahi hua
- kaupaona hua 6 - 8 g
- ʻaʻole hāʻule nā hua no ka manawa lōʻihi ke oʻo, mau a 25 mau lā
- ka maʻamau i ka hoʻokumu liʻiliʻi ʻana i nā hua, ka pī, i kahi ʻano maikaʻi ʻole a me ka mālama
- kiʻekiʻe hua 3.2 knm, laula 2 knm, elongated kinona, ovoid
- poni berry ʻeleʻele poni
- pulp paʻa
- ʻili maikaʻi me ka uhi o ka wī waena
- ʻono ʻoluʻolu kūlike ʻole
Nā mea maikaʻi a me nā mea maikaʻi ʻole
ʻO nā mea maikaʻi o nā ʻano like ʻole, ka mea mua:
- hua kiʻekiʻe
- waiho waho kumuhana i optimum mahana a me ka ona
- halihali ka hōʻino lawe
- kū i ka mahana - 23 ° С
- ʻono ʻoluʻolu
- ke kakahiaka a me nā manawa hua hua lōʻihi
- ke kūpaʻa i nā maʻi o nā hua waina me ka momona a me ka pala pala
Nā Minus
- me ka mālama kūpono ʻole, hoʻokumu ʻia nā hua liʻiliʻi, ka mea e hōʻemi ai i ka noi i ka mākeke. Akā me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā gibberellins, hoʻonā ʻia kēia pilikia.
- koi i ka hale ma nā wahi kahi e iho ai nā mahana ma mua o -24 ° C, kahi e loaʻa ai nā kumukūʻai waiwai
Moʻomeheu kanu
Hoʻonui nui ʻia nā hua waina e nā ʻoki.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka mahi kanu ʻana, akā i kēia hihia ʻaʻole e pau nā hua waina i kahi ʻano Codryanka. E loaʻa nā ʻano ʻokoʻa āpau a me nā hiʻohiʻona, mai ka pollination ʻana i ka wā o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka hua. A ke alakaʻi nei kēia i kahi loli i nā kumuwaiwai. Hoʻopili ka poʻe Breeders i ka ulu ʻana i nā hua waina mai nā ʻanoʻano.
Ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu, ma kahi ʻanoʻano o ka seedling makahiki, pono ʻoe e hoʻolohe i ka hiʻohiʻona o ka moʻomeheu.
Pono ka seedling e hoʻokō i kēia mau koi:
- ʻAʻole pono i ka mea kanu nā maʻi i ʻike ʻia, nā tumors a me nā pohō mechanical
- pono ke aʻa aʻa i kahi aʻa kumu nui i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia a me nā aʻa fibrous liʻiliʻi he nui
- pono ke kī nui a ikaika, ʻoi aku i nā mea kiʻekiʻe i ke kiʻekiʻe a loaʻa i kahi kuhikuhi kū
- pono e 2 - 3 mau ʻōpuʻu olakino i kēlā me kēia mea kanu
Koho pūnaewele
Nā koi maʻamau no ke koho ʻana i ka pūnaewele:
- mālamalama ka pūnaewele
- ke kōkua me ka ʻole o nā ʻokoʻa maopopo, pae i ka pali o 11 - 12 ° hiki
- ʻaʻole pono ka paʻakai o ka pūnaewele i ka paʻakai
- ʻOi aku ka wai o ka honua ma lalo o nā aʻa mea kanu a pau
- palena iki o ka mauʻu
Kanu kanu
Hiki ke kanu i nā hua waina i ka wā puna, ke 10 ° ka mahana o ka lepo, a i ʻole i ka hāʻule ma mua o ka hau. Hoʻololi ka mahina a me ka lā ma ka ʻāina.
- Ua ʻeli ʻia kahi lua 80 a 80 cm ka nui. ʻelua manawa o ka hohonu o ke aʻa. I ka puna, ʻeli ʻia nā lua 14 mau lā ma mua o ka iho.
- Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā luawai no 2 - 3 mau hola, ʻoiai e hoʻoinu ʻia lākou i 3 - 4 mau manawa
- Me ke kōkua o ka ʻiliʻili, ka pōhaku lepo, a me nā ʻōpala, hana ʻia kahi kahawai hoʻoheheʻe o 4 - 6 cm.
- Eia kekahi, hoʻopili ʻia ka lepo momona i ka waikahe, me ka hoʻohui o nā meaola a me nā mea mineral. Hōʻike ʻia ka helu noi mea hoʻomomona ma nā pūʻolo.
- Ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ka moʻomeheu i kahi lua, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā aʻa, a uhi ʻia me ka lepo, e hana ana i kahi kaumaha a puni ia.
- ʻO ka hoʻoinu nui.
- Ma luna aia kahi papa mulching - nā koena nāhelehele, mauʻu.
Nā hoʻolālā kanu hua waina
E nānā i ʻelua mau hoʻolālā e ulu nei:
ʻOihana pae ʻāina maʻamau
Kanu ʻia ka moʻomeheu i ka lālani o nā mea kanu ʻelua i kahi papa checkerboard. E kaha ana ka lalani 2.4 m, ma waena o nā mea kanu 0.65 m. A i ʻole ka maʻalahi i ka lālani hoʻokahi mea kanu i ka manawa, ke kaʻawale ka 2.5 i ka lalani, ma waena o nā mea kanu 1.5 - 2 m. He ala kēia no ka ulu ʻana ma ka mahinaʻai.
Ke kanu kanu Trellis
I kēia hihia, hana ka mea kanu i kahi paia ʻōmaʻomaʻo mai ka māla waina, ʻo ka mamao ma waena o nā mea kanu he 1.5 m. He kūpono no ka ulu ʻana ma ka home.
Mālama i nā kumu waina ʻōpio a makua
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa mau ka wai, hana ʻia e like me ka heleleʻi ʻana o ka ua. 5 lita o kēlā me kēia meakanu, pili i ka wā. E kiaʻi ʻia ka mākū lepo. Mineral fertilizers: i ka pūnāwai ia he pono naikokene, ma hope o 20 mau lā nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, ma hope o 30 mau lā potassium potassium.
I ka hoʻomaka o ka oʻo ʻana o nā hua waina, mai hoʻohui i ka nitrogen, e hoʻonui kēia i ka ulu ʻana o ka nui ʻōmaʻomaʻo a hoʻonāwaliwali hoʻi i ka ulu ʻana o nā hua. E nalowale lākou i ko lākou ākea a me ka ʻono.
I ke kahua o ka makahiki mua o ke ola, pono e hoʻokō i ka ʻoki ʻana formative e hana i ke ʻano i makemake ʻia o ka nāhelehele.
ʻOkoʻa iki ka mālama ʻana i nā kumu waina makua. Hoʻomaʻinu, hoʻomomona i ke ala like. ʻOkoʻa ka Cropping. Nui ʻelua ʻano o ke ʻoki ʻana:
- Pono ka ʻokiʻoki makahiki e mālama i ke ʻano o ka laʻalāʻau.
- ʻOkiʻoki kūpono. Lawe ʻia e pani i nā wana kahiko me nā ʻōpio.
- ʻOki hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Lawe ʻia nā ʻōpala maʻi ʻole.
Nā hana hana hou
Hana ʻia ka hana hou e ka layering a me nā ʻoki. I mea e hoʻolaha ai i ka mea kanu e nā ʻoki, ʻokiʻoki ʻia nā wana me 2 - 3 mau ʻōpuʻu, a laila ke aʻa. No ka hana hou ʻana, wehe ʻia nā wana mai nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka mea kanu e nā papa, hilinaʻi lākou i ka lepo me kā lākou ʻōpuʻu a hiamoe, kū ke aʻa. Ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā aʻa a me ke koʻokoʻo, ʻokiʻoki ʻia ka ʻoki.
Nā maʻi a me nā mea hōʻino
Poino ʻia e ka maʻi: rubella, maʻi koʻohune bacteria, chlorosis, antracnose, bacteriosis. Aia kekahi mea hana kemika kūikawā a me nā mea ola e kūʻē i kēia mau maʻi.
Kūpono ʻole nā hua waina i ka maʻi palupalu a me ka hina hina; paipai ʻia ka pale ʻana i kēia mau maʻi. Ma ka mālama ʻana i nā mea kanu me nā pesticides e kūʻē i kēia mau kumu infectious, 2 manawa i ka makahiki.
Hoʻopilikia nā pepelu: mite punawelewele, phyloxera. Me ke kōkua o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka lepo o ka makahiki, hoʻemi ʻia ka paepae o ka pōʻino o kēia mau mea kolo.
Ma ka home, hoʻohana lākou i nā lāhui i ka hakakā ʻana i nā mea kolo a me nā maʻi.
ʻO nā hua waina Codrianka kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa loa e kaulana mau ia no ko lākou ʻano kūpono a me ka ʻono. Hiki i kēlā me kēia māla amatir ke hoʻoulu i kēia moʻomeheu.