ʻIke ʻia ka maʻi puaʻa ʻApelika (ASF) ma ke ʻano he maʻi maʻi kūpilikiʻi loa a weliweli. ʻO ka nui o ka make ma waena o nā holoholona hihiu a me nā holoholona he kiʻekiʻe loa. Hoʻopili ka maʻi i nā holoholona āpau, ʻoiai ka makahiki a me ka maikaʻi o nā pua puaʻa... ʻO ka nūhou maikaʻi ʻaʻole i lawe ʻia ʻo ASF i nā kānaka, akā lilo ia i mea pohō nui i ka mahiʻai, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻomohala i kahi serum e mālama ai i kēia maʻi. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e aʻo ʻoe e pili ana i nā ʻōuli o kēia maʻi a pehea e pale aku ai iā ia.
Fiva puaʻa ʻApelika
ʻO ka fiva puaʻa ʻApelika kahi maʻi holoholona maʻi. Kumu o ka maʻi - ka DNA i loaʻa ka maʻi i loko. Pili ia i kahi mahele ʻokoʻa. Aia nā ʻano A a me B o kēia maʻi, a me nā subspecies C. Kūpaʻa ia i ka wela o ka mahana, ʻaʻole ʻaiʻē iā ia iho i ka paʻahau, popopo a hoʻomaloʻo.
Ua hele mai ʻo ASF iā mākou mai ʻApelika Hema... Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ʻōuli mua o ke ʻano o nā pathology i ka makahiki 1903. Ma hope o kēlā, ua hōʻike ʻia ka maʻi ma Pokukala a me Sepania, a mai laila mai ma ʻAmelika Waena a me ʻAmelika Hema. I kēia lā, ʻo ka likelika o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi ahulau i kēlā me kēia wahi o ka honua.
Lawe ʻia ka maʻi e nā puaʻa i loaʻa a i ʻole loaʻa hou pahalawe i ka pathogen a i 18 mau mahina.
Komo ka maʻi i loko o ke kino ma o nā membrane mucous i hōʻino ʻia, ka ʻili, ke koko, nā nahu o nā kolo, me nā meaʻai i hoʻohaumia ʻia a me nā mea alimentary. Me ke ʻano o nā hōʻailona mua, ma kahi o 37% o ka heluna kanaka i lilo i poʻe i loaʻa ʻia i kēia maʻi. Weliweli kēia maʻi, me ka nānā ʻole i kahi e mālama ʻia ai ka holoholona.
Nā hōʻailona mua a me nā hōʻailona
Manawa hoʻouluulu hala he 1-2 mau pule. No laila, ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i nā manawa a pau me ka pololei. Aia i ka degere o ka maʻi, ʻike ʻia nā ʻōuli ʻokoʻa:
- kiʻekiʻe mahana (ma luna o 40 ° C);
- nele i ka makemake ʻole;
- ka hōʻike o ka apathy;
- keakea hanu;
- kāpae mai ka ihu a me nā maka;
- i kekahi mau hihia - hoʻoheheʻe ʻia;
- ʻoʻoleʻa, kūpono ʻole hihia;
- hōʻino i nā mākau kaʻa;
- hana hewa o ka gastrointestinal tract;
- ʻūpā, edema liʻiliʻi;
- fiva loli;
- pulumonia;
Ma muli o ka loli o nā ʻōuli (mutation virus), ʻaʻole paha e ʻike ʻia i loko o nā holoholona āpau.
ʻO ka maʻi maʻi a atypical o ka maʻi
Kaukaʻi ʻia i ke kēkelē o ka maʻi, hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o nā maʻi maʻi a me nā ʻano atypical o ka maʻi.
Pā ahulau maʻi hiki ke hala i ʻelua mau mahina a ʻoi paha. Hoʻopilikia nā puaʻa i ka maʻi diarrhea hou, nā hōʻeha o ke kuni, hoʻopōʻino i ka makemake, pneumonia. Lilo nā holoholona i ke kaumaha, ʻili nā ʻili, ʻeha ma nā pepeiao, ka huelo a me nā lālā. Me kēiaʻano o ka maʻi, hiki i nā hōʻailona hōʻailona ke loli nui. Pau nā hihia o ka maʻi i ke ʻano o ka holoholona lethal.... ʻAʻole hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka maʻi mai ke kino, a ʻo kēia mau puaʻa ka mea lawe i ka maʻi.
ʻO ke ʻano atypical o ka maʻi ʻAmelika Hoʻomaopopo pinepine ʻia i nā puaʻa hānai a me nā weaners i loaʻa ka pale o ka makuahine, a i ʻole ua maʻi ʻia lākou me kahi maʻi hoʻomaʻemaʻe palupalu o serogroup B. I nā wā mua o ka maʻi, hōʻike ʻia ke ahulau e ka hōʻole ʻana e ʻai, conjunctivitis, a me ka ʻeha. ʻO kekahi o nā puaʻa e ola hou, ʻoiai ke koena e hoʻomohala i nā pilikia me nā maʻi koʻohune lua. Ma muli o kēia, ʻike ʻia ka niumonia nui a me ka gastroenterocolitis, ka hopena me ka make ʻana o ka holoholona i loko o ʻekolu mau lā. ʻAʻole ola hou nā puaʻa i hoʻopili ʻia a hoʻomau i nā mea lawe i ka maʻi no ka manawa lōʻihi. Ka make ʻana ma ia mau hihia 30 - 60%.
I kēia lā, ʻaʻole i hoʻomohala ʻia kahi lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono e kūʻē i kēia maʻi, a ʻaʻohe lāʻau e hiki ke hoʻōla iā ia. ʻO ka nui o ka make o nā holoholona maʻi he ʻaneʻane 100%.
Nā diagnostics ASF
Me ka ʻole o nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokumu i kahi hōʻoia pololei o ka maʻi ahulau ʻApelika. Lawe ʻia ka hōʻailona ma ke kumu o ka ʻike pathological a me epizootological, nā ʻōuli clinical a me nā hopena hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua. No kēia, lawe ʻia kahi laʻana koko mai nā holoholona maʻi, a lawe ʻia nā ʻāpana o ke kino mai nā kupapaʻu.
Lawe ʻia ka lawe ʻana o nā hunaahi lūlū mai nā holoholona he nui inā hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka maʻi a hoʻokumu ʻia nā pathology. Lawe ʻia ka biomaterial i kahi ʻano maikaʻi a hāʻawi ʻia i kahi manawa pōkole. No laila, hoʻonoho ʻia kēlā me kēia huna i loko o kahi ʻeke pākahi a laila i loko o kahi pahu me ka hau. ʻAʻole pono e hoʻopaʻa i nā ʻāpanaʻo wau, lawa ka hōʻoluʻolu maʻalahi.
Kahi hāpana koko no ka hoʻokolohua immunosorbent pili i ka enzyme serological (ELISA) pono e lawe ʻia mai nā holoholona e maʻi ana no ka manawa lōʻihi a i ʻole ke launa pū ʻana me nā pua puaʻa i hoʻopili ʻia, a me ka kānalua o ka maʻi me ka maʻi maʻi ahulau.
Hoʻomaʻo maʻi, quarantine
I kēia lā, ʻaʻole i hoʻomohala ʻia nā lāʻau e hakakā ai i kēia maʻi, a Manaʻo ʻia ka maʻi puaʻa ʻApelika he mea make... I loko o ka manawa mua o ka maʻi, nāna i hāpai i nā kānalua o ka ASF, hāʻawi kekahi mau puaʻa puaʻa i nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūpina no nā holoholona āpau. ʻAe kēlā mau hana e mālama i kekahi o nā puaʻa i loaʻa. ʻOihana ʻenehana holoholona, Pepehi ʻia nā holoholona a pau ma kahi kaʻawale me ka hoʻomā ʻana i nā kupapaʻu ma hope.
Nā hana kahiko o ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi
No ka mea, e pale aku i ka maʻi mahiʻai puaʻa, ʻelua me distemper kahiko a me ASF pili i kēia mau lula:
- e kūʻai i ka hānai ma nā wahi i loaʻa ʻole nā maʻi viral. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela ma mua o ka hānai ʻana;
- ʻōnaehana disinfect ka mahiʻai a me nā waihona ukana hānaia me ka lapaʻau ʻana e kūʻē i nā parasite like ʻole;
- pale i ka puaʻa mai ka launa pū ʻana me nā holoholona mai nā mahiʻai ʻē aʻe, nā holoholona home a me nā manu kolo e lawe i ka maʻi;
- mai lawe i nā pono hana disinfected ʻole i ka mahi puaʻa, a me ka lawe ʻana mai ka wahi haumia i hana ʻole ʻia;
- kūʻai i nā puaʻa wale nō me nā palapala holoholonaka mea e hōʻoia ai i ka ʻike olakino o ka holoholona. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā puaʻa hoʻolauna ma mua o ke komo ʻana i ka peni maʻamau;
- mau huki kūpaʻa i nā maʻi nui, mai poina e hoʻokō i nā loiloi lāʻau. Lawe i ka luku ʻana i nā holoholona ma nā wahi loea.
I ka kānalua iki o ka maʻi, pono e hoʻomake ʻia ka puaʻa, a pono e paʻa i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Inā pono, e hoʻouna no ka luku.
Weliweli paha ke kuni puaa ʻApelika no ka poʻe a hiki ke ʻai ʻia ia ʻano ʻiʻo?
Inā ʻoe e nīnau i ka nīnau: "He mea waiwai anei ka makaʻu i kēia maʻi no ke kanaka?", A laila paʻakikī loa ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi pane pololei. No ka poʻe, ʻaʻole pilikia kēia maʻi.... ʻOi aku ka pololei, ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hihia o ka maʻi kanaka. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā huahana o nā holoholona maʻi i ke kuke ʻana ma hope o ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana i ka wela (hiki iā ʻoe ke kuke a me ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo, akā ʻaʻole make ka puhipaka i nā virus). Akā inā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo e pili ana, aia nō ka makaʻu o ka maʻi. He maʻi kēia, a ʻaʻole i maopopo piha. Kekahi mau laʻana o kēia:
- ʻAʻole weliweli ka maʻi ASF i nā kānaka, akā nāwaliwali kekahi maʻi i ka hopena pale o nā meaola. Aia kekahi mau hihia o ka ʻike ʻana i nā lāʻau ʻino e kūʻē i ka maʻi ahulau i ke kino o ke kanaka, ʻo ia hoʻi ka likelike e hiki i nā kānaka ke hoʻomanawanui i kēia maʻi me ka ʻole o nā hōʻailona.
- Kēia ulu ka maʻi me ka manaʻo ʻole, ʻo ia wale nō ka lunamakaʻāinana i ka papa o asfaviruses. Hoʻohuli ʻia ka maʻi, a hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻana o kāna ʻano. Aia kekahi pilikia e hiki i kekahi kanaka ke lilo i maʻi me ia.
- Aia kekahi hōʻike e ʻike ʻia ka maʻi ma ka poʻe e ʻeha nei wela wela... Hiki i kēia maʻi ke hele pū me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole.
Hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ʻAʻole hoʻoweliweli ka maʻi puaʻa ʻApelika i nā kānaka, akā no ka palekana, pono e hōʻalo i ka launa pū ʻana me nā puaʻa maʻi.
Make ke kuni puaʻa ʻApelika. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia e ke ola kūikawā o ka maʻi, ke komo ia i loko o ke kino o ka puaʻa, hoʻomaka e hoʻonui wikiwiki. Hoʻopili koke ia i nā holoholona i loko o kahi radius o 10 km. No laila, i ka hapanui o nā ʻāina, i ka pae aupuni, hoʻomohala nā hana e pale a kaohi i ka maʻi hānai puaʻa ʻApelika, a me kahi papahana aʻo e pili ana i ka mea hiki a pehea e ʻike ai i nā hōʻailona o ke kuni puaʻa ʻApelika i ka manawa.