Makemake nā māla he nui e ulu i nā mea kanu ʻole ma kā lākou pūnaewele., ʻokoʻa ia mai nā mea ʻē aʻe, i ka helehelena a me ka ʻono.
I kēia hihia, kūpono ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu hybridhoʻohui i nā ʻano o kekahi mau moʻomeheu.
ʻO nā hybrids ʻoi loa o ka apricot, peach, plum a me ka ʻāpala
No kahi manawa lōʻihi loa, e hoʻāʻo nei nā mea hoʻohua e hele i nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā mea kanu me kēlā me kēia e loaʻa nā mea kanu kūpono. Hoʻohanohano ʻia kā lākou mau hua e ko lākou helehelena maikaʻi a me ka ʻono maikaʻi loa.
Nui nā hybridshe hui o nā moʻomeheu ʻelua a ʻoi paha, ʻo ka mea maʻamau ʻole o lākou:
- Sharafuga - kahi hybrid o plum, peach a me apricot;
- Aprium a me Plumkot - kahi hui o nā plum a me nā apricots;
- Apple a me ka plum nectarine;
- Plum / cherry plum hapalua;
- Luna Nui - kahi hui o ka plum a kiʻekiʻe.
Plum Apricot
Aia ʻelua mauʻano o nā plum a me nā apricot hybrids.
Aprium - kēia hybrid 75% apricot a me 25% plum. ʻO kēia hua ʻokoʻa i hānai ʻia i nā makahiki 90 e ka mea hānau ʻAmelika ʻo Floyd Zeiger.
'Evaluationlelo ka loiloi hoʻāʻo o ka apricot plum i kāna ʻono maikaʻi a me ka ʻala i haʻi ʻia. Kūpaʻa ka pulp o ka huaʻai, ʻoi aku ka momona ma mua o ka apricot, a ʻoluʻolu ka ʻili, e like me ka plum.
He hua fructose kiʻekiʻe kā Aprium, e hōʻike ana i ka momona o nā hua.
Pluot - kahi hapalua me ka apricot a me ka ¾ o ka plum. Hānai ʻia ma Kaleponi i 1989, aia i kēia manawa 11 mau ʻano o kēia hybrid.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ia e kahi meaʻono, mea ʻono hoʻi; mai ia mau huaʻai i hana ʻia nā jams kupaianaha, compotes a i ʻole nā waina. ʻOi aku ka ʻono o nā hua i ka apricot, a me ke ʻano o ka plum.
Pālahalaha ka ʻili, poni kala, poni a i ʻole ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Mānoanoa ka pulp, ʻulaʻula i ke kala.
Nectarine Plum
Peach a me ka plum hybrid Kapa ʻia ʻo plum nectarine. ʻAʻole maopopo ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i kēlā hua e like me ka nectarine hiki ke lilo i ʻelua mau ʻano, plum a me ka ʻāpala.
Kūlike ʻole lākou i waena o lākou āpau i ka ʻono a me ka helehelena:
- plum nectarine paʻa a ʻaʻole momona, paʻa paʻa ka pulp a "mānoanoa", melemele i ke kala, hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi mai ka pōhaku.
- i ka helehelena, poepoe nā hua i ke ʻano a like me ka peach;
- lahilahi ka ʻili, ʻoluʻolu a matte.
Nectarine ʻĀpala
Kāhea ʻia kahi hybrid o ka peach a me ka ʻāpala i ka apple nectarine, ua hōʻike ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona i nā kuhikuhi aʻe:
- palupalu loa ka pulup a momona, ʻo ka hulu pinepine a keʻokeʻo paha. ʻOno ka ʻono o ka hua a ʻono hoʻi;
- ʻaneʻane 2 mau liʻiliʻi o nā nectarine ʻōpelika ma mua o nā plum, he ʻano elongated ko lākou;
- malimali ka ʻili, ʻōniʻoniʻo, a ʻākala pale.
ʻO kahi hapalua o ka plum, apricot a me ka peach
ʻO nā hua i hānai ʻia e ka hele ʻana i ka peach, plum a me nā ʻapelika i kapa ʻia ʻo Sharafuga, a he mau ʻano aʻe kēia:
- ʻo ke kala o nā hua e like me ka plum a loaʻa i kahi hue poni-poni;
- ʻoi aku ka pōʻai o ke kinona, like me ka apricot, akā ʻo ka nui o nā hua e kokoke loa ana i kahi peach;
- he momona a momona hoʻi ka pulp, ʻo ka ʻono ka hui pū ʻana o ka plum a me ka apricot. Poepoe ka pōhaku, ua kaʻawale maikaʻi.
Nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā maikaʻi ʻole o nā mea kanu hybrid
ʻO ka hybrid kahi mea kanu i loaʻa i ke keʻa ʻana i kekahi mau ʻano a i ʻole nā mea kanu. E like me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, loaʻa iā lākou nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā ʻino ʻelua.
Nā pono o nā hybrids:
- ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o nā hua o ia mau mea kanu kokoke i ka maikaʻi, pinepine ka like o ko lākou ʻano a me ka nui. ʻOluʻolu nā maka a me nā mea ʻono i nā hua momona a me nā mea kanu. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana o nā ʻano e ka hoʻāʻo a me ka hemahema, ke koho ʻana i nā laʻana ʻoi loa.
- E mau ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hua.
- ʻO ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i nā maʻi like ʻole a me nā mea ʻino i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻano maʻemaʻe.
- Polu ponoʻī nā mea kanu, no laila hiki ke ulu me ka hopohopo ʻole no ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia kaʻina hana.
- Hoʻohui, loaʻa i nā hybrids kahi hui like ʻole o nā ʻono, a ʻo ka ʻai ʻana iā lākou hiki ke hoʻopiha hou i nā lako meaʻai.
Nā maikaʻi ʻole o nā hybrids:
- ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i nā ʻanoʻano mai nā hua hybrid.
- Kūleʻa nui kēlā mau mea kanu i nā kūlana ulu.
- Hiki iā lākou ke ulu wale i ka lepo momona, ukali ia e koi ana nā mea kanu i kahi nui o nā hānai like ʻole.
- Capricious loa nā mea kanu hybrid i ka hoʻoinu ʻana, ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻomanawanui i ka maloʻo a me ka momona o ka lepo.
- Hiki i nā kulu wela ikaika ke hoʻopau loa i nā mea kanu i mahi ʻia.
- ʻO kekahi hemahema ke kumu kūʻai o nā hua a me nā lūlū, ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi o nā hybrids ma mua o nā ʻano maoli a me nā mea kanu.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kanu ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana
Ke kanu ʻana i nā hybrids, pono ʻoe e nānā ma nā ʻano pākahi o nā mea kanu kikoʻī a me nā ʻano. Akā hoʻi, ma waena o lākou āpau he nui nā ʻano like a me nā hiʻohiʻona i hiki ke hoʻonui i ia mau mea kanu.
Pehea a pehea e kanu ai
Paipai nā māla ʻike i ke kanu ʻana i nā hybrids i ka wā mua o ka puna, i loaʻa ka manawa e ikaika ai a maʻa i ke kaiapuni ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu.
Hana ʻia ka pae ʻana i nā pae he nui. Pono ka lepo momona, hoʻokuʻu, wai honua ma kahi mamao o 1.5 mau mika mai ka papa honua.
Ke koho ʻana i kahi pūnaewele pono e hāʻawi i ka makemake i nā kiʻekiʻe pālahalaha, kahi e ʻohi ʻole ai ka ua a me ka hau hoʻoheheʻe.
Ma kahi o hoʻokahi pule ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, pono ʻoe e ʻeli i ka lua kaulike i ka nui i ke aʻa o ka mea kanu e kanu ana. No nā kumulāʻau hybrid, pono ka lua i 80 kenimika ākea a hohonu.
A laila pono ʻoe e ʻeli iho, ʻoiai noi ʻana i nā mea momona me:
- 2 mau bakeke o humus a i ʻole compost;
- 70 gram o superphosphate;
- 40 gram o nā mea kanu potash.
Ke noʻonoʻo nei i kēlā makemake nā hybrids i ka lepo kūpaʻa a alkaline paha, me ka hoʻonui o ka nui o ka acidity, ka lime o ka honua me 0.3 mau kilokilo o ka lime i kēlā me kēia mika mika.
Paipai nā māla mākaukau i ka hana ʻana i ka waikahe mai ka pālolo ākea a i ʻole nā pōhaku ma lalo o ka lua, e lilo ia i mea pale aʻe i ka hou o ka wai.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā aʻa o ka seedling i loko o ka lua a pololei mālie, a ma hope e kāpīpī ʻia lākou me ka lepo momona.
Ma hope o ke kanu ʻana o ka mea kanu, pono ka wai a me ka mulch nuie hōʻalo i ka evaporation wikiwiki o ka wai ma nā lā lā.
Ke ulu nei
Hāʻawi ʻia i nā mea kanu hybrid e mālama pono, pono e hana i nā ana aʻe i ka wā e ulu ana.
Nā ʻaʻahu kiʻekiʻe - koi nui nā hybrids i ka hoʻohui a me ka maikaʻi o ka lepo, no laila pono lākou e momona i kahi manawa kūpono a maikaʻi loa:
- i ke kakahiaka nui, ke hoʻoheheʻe wale ka hau a pau, hoʻopili ʻia nā mea hoʻomomona nitrogen e like me ka urea a i ʻole ka ammonium nitrate i ka lepo. ʻO kā lākou ʻai ʻana he 25 gram i kēlā me kēia mika mika 1;
- koke ma hope o ka pua ʻana, hoʻopili ʻia ka lole foliar, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā mea momona micronutrient, no ka laʻana, ka lāʻau "Kemira-universal". Hoʻomaʻa hou ʻia kēia hana i nā manawa he 3 me ke kau o 10-15 mau lā;
- i ka hāʻule, ʻeli ʻia ka lepo a puni ka mea kanu a hoʻolauna ʻia ʻelua mau bakeke o humus, compost a i ʻole slurry.
Kaohi pest - ke kūʻē ʻana i nā hybrids i nā hōʻeha ʻana o nā maʻi like ʻole a i ʻole nā ʻeneka ʻaʻole ʻae e lawe i nā kaʻina hana hou no ka pale ʻana. E lawa ia e lawe i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ke keʻokeʻo o nā lāʻau hybrid i ka manawa.
Nā mea kanu hybrid mai ʻae i ka aridity a me ka momona o ka lepo, no laila, pono e hoʻomohala i kahi hoʻolālā wai kūpono, e noʻonoʻo ana i nā ʻano o ke aniau, ka nui o ka ua, ka ea o ka ea a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe.
Kuhi hewa nā poʻe he nui, huikau nā mea kanu hybrid me nā genetically modified. ʻAʻole hōʻeha nā kino i nā hua a me nā hua lau a ʻo ia ka hopena o ke keʻa ʻana i nā mea kanu i ke ʻano kūlohelohe.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēlā mau hua e ka ʻono maikaʻi a me nā helehelena maikaʻi, akā, eia naʻe, capricious loa lākou a picky e pili ana i ka mālama a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka lepo.