ʻO Irga canadian kahi hua hoihoi a me nā mea hoʻonaninani. ʻO ka ulu lāʻau Deciduous me kahi kiʻekiʻe o 1.5 a 8 mau mika he nani i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka makahiki. I ka puna, nani ka nānā ʻana o irga i ka wehe ʻana o ka pua, ke nānā ʻia e uhi ʻia i ka hau keʻokeʻo silvery.
Ma hope aku, i ka wā o ka pua, ua heluia me nā huhui o nā pua keʻokeʻo ʻaʻala i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā pi. A hiki i ke kau waena o ke kauwela, ua hoʻonani ʻia ka laʻalāʻau me nā huhui o nā hua uliuli-poni. A hiki i ka hopena o ke kau, ʻo ka hoʻonaninani ʻana o ka nahele i nā lau, kahi e hoʻololi mālie i ke kala mai ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ka ulaula. Kū'ē i ke kua o kahi māla hoʻoilo i uhi ʻia e ka hau, nani nā lālā burgundy-brown.
Hōʻike o canadian irgi
E hoʻomaka kākou me kahi wehewehe o Irga kahi ulu ulu wikiwiki, ulu wikiwiki. Komo ka moʻomeheu i ka hua ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i ka makahiki ʻekolu. ʻO ke ola o kahi irgi 40-50 mau makahiki. Maikaʻi ke kūpale o ka hau, hoʻomanawanui i nā hau a i nā kekelē 40 me ka ʻole o nā pohō. I nā kūlana o ka moku ʻo Moscow, ʻaʻole pono ia e puʻuhonua no ka hoʻoilo. Maikaʻi ka mea kanu i nā wahi ʻākau ʻē aʻe. Maʻemaʻe loa ka ulu ʻana o nā nāhelehele ulu maikaʻi, a inā kanu nui ʻia, e kīloi ikaika a hua i nā hua maikaʻi ʻole.
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana aʻa o ka laʻalāʻau e papa wale ia, aia ka hapa nui o nā aʻa ma kahi hohonu o 40 cm, a iho kekahi o lākou i 1 m. ʻO ke kahapili o ke aʻa aʻa i 2 m.
Pua ʻo Irga i ka hopena o ʻApelila - Mei mua, no 10-15 mau lā. Hiki i nā pua ke kū i ka hau wā pōkole i -7 ° C.
ʻAʻole picky ka lāʻau e pili ana i ka maikaʻi o ka lepo, pale ʻole i ka maloʻo. Ulu koke ʻo Irga - i ke kolu o ka makahiki ma hope o ke kanu ʻana e hoʻomaka ia e hua, a i ka makahiki o 8-10 mau makahiki e hoʻomaka ai kahi manawa o ka hana piha. ʻO ka manawa hana he 20-30 mau makahiki me ka hua awelika o 8-10 kg o nā hua ma kēlā me kēia ulu lāʻau.
ʻO nā mea maikaʻi o ka lāʻau liʻiliʻi a me nā hua nui, ʻo ka pollination ponoʻī o ka mea kanu ke hōʻoia i ka hua ʻana o ka makahiki. He maikaʻi ʻole ʻo Irga i nā kūlana e ulu nei, ka hoʻoilo a paʻa loa.
Nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi
ʻO nā hua Irgi kahi huahana multivitamin maikaʻi i loaʻa nā huaora C, B2, carotene, pectins, anthocyanins a me nā mea huli (cobalt, keleawe, kēpau). Kūpono nā hua i ka mālama ʻana i ka hypo- a me ka avitaminosis, no ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka atherosclerosis, nā maʻi o ka gastrointestinal tract, a me ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular.
ʻO nā mea hōʻola o nā hua irgi
- hōʻoluʻolu i ka ʻōnaehana hopohopo, pono no ka hiamoe ʻole a hiamoe hiamoe ʻole;
- hoʻonui i ka lahilahi o nā paia o nā kīʻaha koko a hoʻoikaika iā lākou;
- hoʻohana ʻia no ka pale ʻana i ka infarction myocardial a me nā veins varicose (pale i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ke koko);
- he hopena tonic, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke koko a normalize i nā kiʻekiʻe kolesterol;
- hoʻohana ʻia no ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi peptic ulcer a ma ke ʻano he anti-inflammatory agents no nā maʻi o ka gastrointestinal tract;
- pono ka hua i ke kaua me sclerosis;
- ʻO ka wai mai nā hua hou he mau waiwai astringent, no laila hoʻohana ʻia ia e gargle me ka mumū.
Nā ʻano a me nā ʻano o nā ʻano
ʻO Irga no ka ʻohana Rosaceae a he 25 a ʻoi kona ʻano. ʻO nā mea maʻamau ka:
- ʻO Irga Kanadian - nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi me nā lālā e iho ana a i 6 mau mika ke kiʻekiʻe. Mahalo ʻia ia no nā hua ono loa, ʻono hoʻi a hiki i ka 1 g. Hāʻawi ʻia i 6 kg / laʻalāʻau. Lush ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, maikaʻi loa i nā pale ke kanu ʻia i 2 mau mika. He ulu ulu ulu nui ia me ka ulu makahiki a hiki i 40 knm i ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka laulā.
I nā makahiki he 60 i hala aku nei, he wahi hānau ʻo Kanada no nā ʻano irgi maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka mea makemake nui ʻia i waena o nā māla ʻo:
- Pembina - ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka laula o ka laʻalāʻau i 5 mau mika. Ke hoʻolaha nei ka lei aliʻi. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi o nā ʻano like ʻole ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi ulu liʻiliʻi o ke aʻa.
- Puhipaka - ulu a hiki i ka 4.5 m kiʻekiʻe, lei aliʻi i ke ʻano o ka umbrella hāmama. ʻO kahi ʻano me ka wā pua hala hope loa, i mea e hiki ai iā ia ke hōʻalo i ka nalo ʻana o ka ovary i ka wā o ka hala ʻana o ka hau. Nui nā hua o Smokey, a i 14mm ke anawaena me kahi ʻala nui. ʻO nā hua ka momona o nā ʻano loaʻa āpau, momona a me ka ʻole o ka astringency.
- Northline - kahi ululāʻau nunui-kumu o ka nui waena, mau lāʻau kū i luna. Nui loa nā hua, a hiki i ka 16mm i ke anawaena, polū-ʻeleʻele me ka pua ʻana o ka waxy, ʻoluʻolu ke ʻohi ʻana i nā hua non-cracking. Hoʻokumu ka ʻano he nui i ka ulu aʻa. Pono kahi pollinator.
- Sturgeon - pālahalaha nunui i nā lāʻau a 3 m ke kiʻekiʻe. Hāʻawi ke ʻano he nui, lōʻihi nā hua berry, nui a momona nā hua.
- ʻO Thyssen - kahi lāʻau e piʻi ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 5 m me kahi kalaunu ākea e hoʻolaha ākea ana. ʻO kēia ka mua loa, ʻo ka ulu wikiwiki loa. ʻO ka nui o nā hua o ka ʻono maikaʻi loa i 17mm ke anawaena. Aala nā hua me ka momona iki. Ma muli o ka ʻae ʻole o ka hua ʻana o nā hua, hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka wā ʻohi ma ka manawa. Ke kūpale ʻana o ka hau a i - 28 ° С.
- Irga Lamarca He kumulāʻau nui a i ʻole kumulāʻau liʻiliʻi a i 8 mau mika ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke kalaunu he kinona kinona. ʻAʻole like me ka canadensis, ulu mālie ia, ʻo ka ulu ʻana o ka makahiki ʻaʻole ma mua o 25 knm ke kiʻekiʻe. He nani loa ʻo Irga Lamarca i ka wā pua a me nā lau ʻulaʻula i ke kau.
Lawe nā pahu i kahi ʻano pelekane nani ke ʻano maʻamau. ʻO ia mau kumulāʻau ke nānā maikaʻi i nā mea kanu hoʻokahi a me nā alaloa.
ʻO ka pinepine i loko o nā māla aia ka spike irga a me ka irga puni, hoʻonaninani lākou a ʻai pū ʻia kā lākou mau hua, akā liʻiliʻi lākou i ka nui a haʻahaʻa ka ʻono o nā hua.
Ke kanu ʻana, ulu a me nā kūlana mālama
ʻAʻole makemake ʻo Irga i nā kūlana ulu, ʻaʻole capricious i ka mālama.
I loko o ka māla a i ʻole i ka māla, hiki ke kanu ʻia mai ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau, ʻoiai ʻo kāna mau kumu lāʻau nunui-kumu e hei i ka hau a pale aku i nā makani ʻĀkau anu. Maikaʻi ke kanu i nā raspberry, nā currants, nā gooseberry ma kona ʻaoʻao, no lākou ia e pale ai.
Hiki ke kanu ʻia ʻo Irga i ka wā puna a me ka lau. I loko o kahi lua i hoʻomākaukau ʻia, kanu ʻia nā mea kanu 5-10 cm ka hohonu ma mua o kā lākou ulu ʻana ma mua, e hāpai kēia i ka ulu ʻana o nā pua basal hou aʻe. Ma hope o ke kanu ʻana a me ka nui o ka hoʻoinu ʻana, palu ka lepo a puni nā mea kanu, ʻoki ʻia ka mea kanu ma kahi o 1/3 o ke kiʻekiʻe, waiho ʻole ma mua o 5 mau ʻōpuʻu maikaʻi i hoʻomohala ʻia. Kanu ʻia nā mea kanu i kēlā me kēia 2-3 m, a ke hana ʻana i kahi pale, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kanu ʻana i kahi papa nāki i kēlā me kēia 0.5-0.7 m i nā lālani a ma waena o nā mea kanu.
Hoʻomau hou ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻoinu ʻana i nā wā maloʻo, e hoʻokuʻu ana i ka lepo a puni nā lāʻau. Pane ʻo Irga i nā mea momona. I loko o ke kau, pono e hānai iā ia i kēlā me kēia mahina me nā mea momona waiola (infusions o mullein a i ʻole nā lepo manu), e hui pū me ka hoʻoinu a me ka hana ʻana i nā lau foliar me nā mea momona micronutrient. E mahalo ana ka mea kanu iā ʻoe.
ʻOkiʻoki
Inā hoʻoholo ʻoe e hana i ka mea kanu i ke ʻano o ka laʻalāʻau nunui, a laila i nā makahiki mua ma hope o ke kanu ʻana he pono e hemo i nā wana nāwaliwali āpau, e waiho ana he 2-3 o nā koina zero ikaika loa mai ke aʻa. ʻO kahi lālā ulu maikaʻi nā lālā 10-15 o nā makahiki like ʻole.
Ke piʻi ʻole ka ulu makahiki o nā wana ma mua o 10 cm, hoʻomaka lākou i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou ʻana, ʻo ia ka lawe ʻana i nā wana palupalu a ikaika elongated. ʻO ke koena e ʻoki ʻia i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2.5 mau mika. Pono e mālama ʻia nā wahi āpau āpau me ka pitch māla.
No ka mea hoʻonani ʻoi loa o ka Kanada Irga, pono e hana ʻia kona kalaunu i kahi ʻano lōkō ke ʻoki ʻia. ʻO ka hopena o kēlā ʻoki ʻana e ulu ikaika o nā wana ʻōpio me ke ʻano o nā hua hua.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Irgu Lamarca me kahi kumulāʻau me 3-5 trunks, hoʻoneʻe ʻia ke koena o nā kumu basal āpau i loko o ke kau. Hoʻopōkole ʻia nā lālā i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Ke hoʻohana nei ʻo Irgi Kanada i ka hana ʻana i kahi pale, pono e ʻokiʻoki iā ia i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e hoʻopōkole ana i ka ulu makahiki ma 10-15 cm. ʻO ka ʻokiʻoki makahiki e hāʻawi i ka lālā maikaʻi aʻe.
Hoʻopiʻi hou
Nui a hewahewa nā ala e hoʻolaha ai iā Irga Kanada:
- Nā hua. Hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā ʻanoʻano mai nā hua nunui a pala hoʻi mai nā kumu lāʻau hua nui loa. ʻAe ʻia nā hua e moe i hoʻokahi pule, a laila wehe ʻia nā ʻanoʻano, ke kaʻawale pono lākou mai ka pulp, lawe ʻia nā hua i ka hāʻule i ka makahiki o ka hōʻiliʻili hua. Ua lūlū ʻia nā ʻanoʻano i nā ʻaihue, hoʻokahe maikaʻi, a uhi ʻia me ka pepa kini. Ke kanu ʻana i nā ʻanoʻano i ka puna, pono e stratified ia no 3 mau mahina i ke one pulu i ka hale haʻahaʻa. Me ka mālama pono i ka makahiki mua, hiki i nā lūlū ke piʻi i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 10-15 knm, no 2 mau makahiki ko lākou kiʻekiʻe a 40 cm, ma hope o 2 mau makahiki e hoʻoili ʻia nā mea kanu i kahi paʻa.
- ʻO ke aʻa aʻa... Me kēia ʻano hana o ka hana hou ʻana, hoʻohana ʻia nā aʻa aʻa. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia mai ka ululāʻau makuahine a kanu ʻia i kahi paʻa. ʻO ka manawa no ke kanu ʻana i ka wā puna a i ʻole ka hoʻoilo.
- ʻOki ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO ka hana hou ʻia e nā ʻoki ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma canadensis kahi kūleʻa. 95% o nā wana ʻoki i huki ʻia. Ua ʻoki ʻia nā ʻoki ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka ulu nui ʻana o nā wana mai ka hopena o Iune a hiki i ke anahulu mua o Iulai. Hoʻokiʻoki ʻia nā ʻoki mai ka ʻāpana luna o nā lālā he 5-6 mau makahiki, ʻo ka lōʻihi o nā ʻoki he 12-15 cm Mai nā ʻoki ʻoki, hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā lau lalo, waiho wale i nā pālua o nā mea kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻomaʻa ʻia ka ʻoki haʻahaʻa o ka ʻoki i kahi aʻa mua a kanu obliquely ma kahi mamao o 5 cm mai kekahi i kekahi. Kanu ʻia nā ʻoki i nā hale kōmaʻomaʻo, kahi e pono ai ka mālama ʻana i ka ea i 70-80%. Aia ke aʻa ma kahi o 20-25 mau lā. Ma hope o ke aʻa ʻana, wehe ʻia ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, a ulu aʻe ka mea kanu i ke ea ākea. Pono e hana i ka hoʻoinu a me ka hānai maʻamau. Mākaukau nā mea kanu no ke kanu ʻana i ka puna aʻe.
- Hana kope ʻia e ka layering. Me kēia ʻano hana o ka hana kope, lawe maikaʻi ʻia i hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau makahiki paha lālā. Hana maikaʻi ʻia nā papa i ka wā mua o ka puna, ke ʻae ka lepo. Hana ʻia nā Groove kokoke i ka laʻalāʻau, kahi e waiho ai nā lālā i wae ʻia. Hoʻopili ʻia nā wana i hoʻomoe ʻia i ka honua me nā staples metala, hoʻōkole ʻia nā piko o nā wana. Ma hope o ka ulu ʻana mai nā lālā o nā lālā i hāʻawi ʻia o nā wana ʻōmaʻomaʻo i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 10-12 cm, kāpīpī ʻia lākou me ka honua i ka hapalua o ke kiʻekiʻe, ma hope o 20 mau lā, hana hou ʻia ke kaʻina hana no ka pīpī ʻana me ka honua. I ke kauwela, hiki ke kanu i nā mea kanu ulu i kahi paʻa.
- ʻO ka hana hou ʻana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka laʻalāʻau. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia hana ke pono ke kanu i kahi ulu mākua i kahi ʻē aʻe. ʻEli ʻia ka mea kanu, i ke kakahiaka nui a i ʻole ka hopena o ke kau, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā aʻa mai ka nui o ka lepo, hemo nā lālā kahiko. Māhele ʻia ka rhizome i nā ʻāpana, hoʻopōkole ʻia nā aʻa a kanu ʻia i nā lua kanu hoʻomākaukau.
Nā mea make a me nā maʻi
Kūpaʻa ʻo Irga canadensis i nā maʻi fungal nui a me nā mea nui. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia e nā ʻenuhe o ka lau nāhelehe, ka ʻenuhe o ka lau lau. Hoʻopilikia lākou i ka lau a ʻuwī i ka piko o nā wana ʻōpio. E hakakā i nā pests ke hana ʻana i kahi māla, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻopoina i ka pīpī ʻana i nā nāhelehele irgi.
I ka wā oʻo o nā hua, hana ʻino nā manu iā ia, a makemake pū lākou e ʻahaʻaina i kāna hua momona a ʻono hoʻi. I mea e pale ʻole ai i ka nalo o ka hua, hiki ke uhi ʻia i nā ululāʻau ʻōpio me ka ʻupena. Ke nui nā mea kanu, lawa nā hua no nā mea āpau.
Nā wikamina - no ka wā e hiki mai ana
Hāʻawi ʻo Irga i ka hua i kēlā me kēia makahiki a me ka nui, akā ʻo nā hua e pala pono ʻole a no laila hōʻiliʻili ʻia lākou i nā pae he nui.
Pōkole ke ola o nā hua i ʻohi ʻia, 2-3 mau lā wale nō, ke mālama ʻia ia i kahi wahi anuanu (hale haʻahaʻa a i ʻole ka pahu hau.
Hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā compotes, wai inu, mālama, jellies, waiʻona mai nā hua irgi momona, ua hoʻomaloʻo a paʻa lākou. ʻO nā hua Irgi, ma muli o kā lākou waihona waikawa haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻohe ona ʻono ʻālohilohi, akā he kala ʻulaʻula loa kā lākou. I kēia pilina, maikaʻi loa e hoʻohui iā lākou i nā compotes mai nā ʻāpala, nā pears a me nā hua ʻē aʻe i loaʻa ʻole ke kala i haʻi ʻia.
Pono e nānā pono ʻia i nā hua maloʻo o ka irgi, hiki paha iā lākou ke pani i nā hua puaʻa momona. Mālama nā hua hua maloʻo i kā lākou waiwai no ka manawa lōʻihi. Mālama ʻia lākou i loko o nā ipu aniani pani.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka irgi ka hua maikaʻi o ka wai mai nā hua hou. Ma hope o 5-7 mau lā o ka mālama ʻana, a hiki i ka 80% ka hua o ka wai.
Nā hakahaka
Maikaʻi ka wai Irgi berry no nā maka, naʻau, puʻu, nā kīʻaha koko. Hoʻohana ʻia ka wai momona i hoʻomākaukau ʻia no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā mea inu hua, inu, jelly.
Kopa wai
Ke moe nei i kahi anuanu no hoʻokahi pule, holoi ʻia nā hua, ʻomi ʻia, kāwili ʻia me ke kō i ka lakio 1: 1. E hoʻowela i ka wai ma kahi wela haʻahaʻa a hiki i ka wā e pau loa ai ke kō, me ka lawe ʻole ʻia i kahi maʻi. E ninini ʻia ka wai wela i loko o nā hue kīʻaha a i ʻole nā hue, hoʻopaʻa ʻia a mālama ʻia i kahi wahi maikaʻi.
Wai maoli
Hoʻopili ʻia ka wai mai nā hua i hoʻomākaukau ʻia, ninini ʻia i loko o nā kini lita, pasteurized no 15-20 mau minuke a ʻōwili ʻia me nā poʻi.
ʻO Irga Kanada, ma muli o kāna lāʻau, ʻono a me nā ʻano hoʻonaninani, kūpono i kahi wahi hanohano i ka māla a i ʻole i ka ʻāina. Heʻuʻuku ka haʻalele ʻana, akā nui nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā leʻaleʻa.