Kaulana nā ʻano hua waina Muscat no ko lākou ʻono mai ka wā kahiko. Ua mahi ʻia ma Helene a me ʻAigupita, ua makemake nui ʻia kēia mau ʻano ma ʻItalia a me Palani. ʻO ka hua waina Muscat i loaʻa no ka ʻono tart a me ka ʻaʻala, i loaʻa i ka berry ma muli o ke kū ʻana o ka musk i loko. I ka makahiki 1828 ua lawe ʻia mai ia i ka ʻāina o ka Crimea, kahi e mahi maikaʻi ʻia ai i kēia manawa a he mea ia no nā ʻano momona ʻoi loa o nā waina muscat.
Nā pono o ka ulu ʻana i nā hua waina Muscat
Loaʻa i nā ʻano Muscat he nui o nā mea thornoid i loaʻa i ka ʻili o nā hua. Eia kekahi, loaʻa i ka berry nā phytoncides, kahi hopena maikaʻi i ka microflora ʻōpū a me ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke mahi i nā ʻano nutmeg i nā wahi mehana, ʻoiai ʻaʻole kūpaʻa lākou i nā kulu wela.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e kanu i ka wā puna ke hiamoe nā ʻōpuʻu. ʻAe kēia i ke aʻa aʻa e aʻa maikaʻi. I kēia hihia, e loaʻa i nā lālā nā mea pono āpau mai nā aʻa, ʻaʻole mai nā mea i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i ke kumu waina.
Inā hoʻokō ʻia ke kanu ʻana i ka hāʻule, a laila i ka hoʻomaka o Mei e ulu aʻe nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo lau ma luna o ka lūlū. Inā kanu ʻia ka lūlū i kahi hohonu o 30 knm, a laila i ka puna e pono e hemo i 15 knm o ka papa a puni ka seedling, pēlā e hana ai i kahi lua a puni ka mea kanu i mea e mahana ai nā aʻa iʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Kūpono hoʻi ka lua no ka hoʻoinu ʻana i kahi lūlū makahiki hoʻokahi, ʻoiai e pono ai ka hoʻoinu ʻana i ke aʻa. Pono ʻoe e hoʻoinu i ka seedling i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 7 lā. ʻO ka inu wai no kēlā me kēia ulu lāʻau he 2 bākeke.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana hou aʻe e ukali ʻia ka pana maʻamau. Aia kēia hana i ka wehe ʻana i nā wana nāwaliwali. Hana ʻia kēia i mea ʻole e hoʻopau ka nāhele i nā mea momona nui, akā hoʻohuli iā lākou i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā wana maikaʻi, ikaika. Pono e hoʻonohonoho i nā wana hema i kahi kiʻekiʻe e like me ka hiki ma nā lāʻau perennial, mai ka hemo ʻana o nā wana o lalo a waiho mau nā ʻōpuʻu ʻole i mau hua no ka wā aʻe e kū ai i ka nahele. ʻO nā wana i waiho ʻia ma hope pono e waiho ma waho o ka laʻalāʻau. ʻO kēia, ke hana nei i kahi ulu lāʻau, e hāʻawi i kahi manawa kūpono no ka hemo ʻana i ka lima lima.
Ma hope o ka hoʻomehana ʻana o ka honua a i 25 kekelē ma hope o ka hoʻoinu ʻana, pono e mū ʻia ka lua. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka mauʻu no kēia. E hiki i ka mulch ke pale aku i ka malo o ka honua a e hāʻawi i kahi hāʻawi like o ka hou, a pale i ka helehelena mauʻu.
ʻO nā ʻano maikaʻi loa
Ma waena o nā ʻano nutmeg he nui, ʻo ka mea maʻamau ʻo:
- Novoshakhtinsky;
- Keʻokeʻo;
- Blau;
- Kauwela;
- Donskoy;
- Pleven;
- Hauʻoli ʻo Muscat;
- Madeleine.
Novoshakhtinsky
Ua hānai ʻia e ka mea hoʻohua Lūkini ʻo Pavlovsky. E pili ana i nā ʻano mākua mua. ʻO ka manawa oʻo o nā hua he 100 mau lā. ʻO nā hua he momona, pōʻai i ke ʻano, ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula e lilo i cherry. He ʻekolu kā lākou mau hua, lahilahi ka ʻili. ʻAʻole kūpono nā hua i ka haʻihaʻi, loaʻa iā lākou kahi ʻono nutmeg me kahi hua caramel. Ke kaupaona nei kēlā me kēia berry a 10 gram, ʻo ka paona o kahi pūpū a hiki i 500 gram. ʻO ka pākēneka o ke kō i nā hua he 30. Hoʻolālā ia i kahi kulu o ke ana wela i -24 kekelē. Hiki ke waiho i ka hua ma ke kumu waina no ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole e nalo i kāna ʻono.
Pono e hoʻomālamalama maikaʻi ka wahi e ulu nei e ka lā a pale ʻia mai ka makani. Hāʻawi i kahi hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi ke ulu ʻia ma ka lepo chernozem me kahi pae acidity kūlike ʻole.
Inā hoʻonui ʻia ka waikawa o ka lepo, pono ia e hoʻohui i ka lehu a i ʻole ka lime.
ʻO ka manawa kanu kanu ʻoi loa ka puna. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i nā mea kanu ʻelua a me nā ʻoki grafting. Pono e loaʻa nā lua kanu i kahi papa hoʻokahe. E kau i nā lua ma kahi mamao o ʻelima mau mika mai kēlā me kēia.
Nā hana mālama:
- hoʻoinu wai;
- ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana;
- ʻaʻahu luna;
- ka mālama ʻana i nā mea ʻino a me nā maʻi.
Hiki i nā maʻi e like me:
- pala pala;
- hina pala;
- maʻi ʻaʻano
Paipai ʻia ka mālama ʻana me 3% Bordeaux wai.
ʻO nā mea ʻino e hoʻopili i kēia hua waina:
- spider mite;
- ʻōwili lau;
- kik - ʻālia.
E luku i kēia mau mea pests, kāpīpī i nā nahele me ka phytosporin.
Keʻokeʻo
Pākuʻi o nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo - cylindrical, ʻo ke kaupaona maʻamau he 120 g, ʻoiai hiki i ke 450 g. ʻO nā hua he waena, pōʻai, me kahi ʻala māmā a me ka pulp palupalu. ʻO ke kō i loko o nā hua he 20-30%. ʻOkoʻa kēia ʻano i nā huaʻi waxy.
ʻO nā kumu hua waina keʻokeʻo ikaika, e hua nui ana (a hiki i 60-100 mau keneta no ka hectare). ʻO Ripens ma kahi o 140 mau lā, e ohi ʻia ka hōʻiliʻili i ka hiki ke hiki i nā hua ke hōʻiliʻili i ke kō aʻe. Kūpono nā hua waina keʻokeʻo no ka hana ʻana i nā waina.
ʻO Donskoy
Ua hānai ʻia ia ma 1946 ma ka Potapenko Research Institute e kahi hui o nā mea hānai. ʻO ia kahi ʻano hybrid o ke oʻo mua. Kū ka pala o ka hua i 115-125 mau lā. ʻO nā hua he uliuli-ʻeleʻele, poepoe, liʻiliʻi, ʻono momona. Paʻa ka ʻili a maloʻo. Loaʻa iā lākou he 2-3 mau hua, ʻo ka pākēneka o ke kō a hiki i 30%. Ke kaupaona nei kēlā me kēia berry a hiki i 2 gram. ʻO nā kahihi Cylindrical, ke kaulike waena, ke kaupaona o kēlā me kēia palaki mai 160 a 250 gram. Kū i luna i -28 kekelē o ka hau.
Loaʻa iā ia ke pale awelika i nā maʻi fungal. Poino nui ʻia e phylloxera... E hakakā i kēia pest, pono ka lapaʻau me Confidora. Ua uhi ʻia ka lepo a puni nā lāʻau i ke one maikaʻi.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia no ka hana ʻana i ka mea ʻono a me nā waina maloʻo.
Blau
ʻO Switzerland ka ʻāina hānau o nā hua waina. Pili i nā ʻano pala mua. ʻO ka berry he ākea i ka nui, he ʻano poepoe, ʻeleʻele kala. Hoʻokahi iwi nui ona. ʻO ka nui o kēlā me kēia berry he 5 gram... ʻO nā pūpū o nā kinikini, e kaupaona ana he 300 gram, hemo. Kūpaʻa i nā mahana i lalo i -23 kekelē.
ʻOiai ke kūpaʻa o ka hau, loaʻa ka hua kiʻekiʻe ke ulu ʻia i loko o ka hale kōmahana. ʻO kekahi kumu kūpono e koi ʻia ai e ulu i nā hale kōmaʻomaʻo ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o nā nū. Inā ulu ka nahele ma ke alanui, pono e mālama i nā lāʻau me nā hoʻomākaukau kūikawā. Hōʻike i ka pale maikaʻi i nā maʻi kūleʻa a kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka momona.
ʻO kekahi pono o ka ʻano Blau ʻaʻole pono ʻo ia e koho i nā wahi mālamalama. ʻAʻole pili ka ulu ʻana i ka malu i ka maikaʻi o nā mea kanu.
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā ʻano he laulā. ʻAi lākou i ka mea hou, a hoʻohana ia mea e hana i ka waina.
ʻAʻole e ʻae i ka hoʻokau ʻana i ke kumu waina me nā hua. Ke hoʻoulu nui ʻia, e ʻino a ʻemi hoʻi nā hua. Pono ka rationing hua!
Kauwela
ʻO nā ʻano mua, mai ka manawa ʻōpuʻu a pala, 110-120 mau lā i hala... ʻO kēia kumulāʻau kahi ulu lāʻau ikaika me nā ʻōpuʻu nunui he 600-700 g. He keʻokeʻo amber-keʻokeʻo, 7-8 g nui, ʻoki-ʻoka nā paukūʻō, he momona ka pulp, momona. I ka wā o ke oʻo piha ʻana, loaʻa nā hua i ka 17-20% kō.
Kūpaʻa hau ʻole ʻo Hybrid kauwela, kū i luna i -23 ° C, loaʻa ka palekana maikaʻi i ka palu a me ka waena i ka palu. ʻOkoʻa i ka lawe kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO Pleven
Ua hānai ʻia ia ma Bulgaria i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Pleven, no laila kona inoa. ʻO ke ʻano o ke kakahiaka, he hua kiʻekiʻe, he 60 kg ka hua o kēlā me kēia laʻalāʻau. Aia ka manawa oʻo i 100 mau lā. Nui nā hua, melemele i ke kala, ʻo ke kaumaha o kēlā me kēia berry a hiki i 10 gram. ʻO ka ʻono ka mea ʻono-ʻoluʻolu a me nā memo pua ʻoluʻolu, he 3-4 mau hua. Paʻapū ka ʻili, no laila hoʻomanawanui ia i ka halihali maikaʻi. ʻO nā kāhili he nui, conical, medium density.
ʻAʻole picky e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana. I nā wahi malu, hāʻawi ia i ka hua like e like me nā wahi kukui maikaʻi. ʻAʻole pili ka pollination i nā ʻano anilā. Aloha i ka nui o ka ona a me nā minelala i ka lepo. Ke kūpale o ka hau - a i -24 kekelē.
Hoʻopilikia ʻia i nā maʻi a me nā mea make. Kūpono ka mālama ʻana Preventive!
Me ka ʻole o kahi lapaʻau kūikawā, ʻeha ia i nā maʻi:
- oidium;
- palupalu.
Hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā mea make e like me:
- phylloxera;
- hua-hua waina;
- ʻūpā
ʻOluʻolu
Ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ke kakahiaka nui, kū paʻa i ka hau. ʻO ka manawa kuʻu ʻo 115-120 mau lā. ʻO nā hua he mea momona, nui, elongated, keʻokeʻo-melemele i ke kala. ʻO ka nui o kēlā me kēia hua berry 10-12 mau gram. ʻO ka pākēneka o ke kō i nā hua ma waena o 20 a 26%. ʻO nā pūpū nui, ʻano cone, kaupaona a 2 kg. He kiʻekiʻe kona hua - 120 keneta o ka heketa
Pono e hoʻomālamalama maikaʻi ka pae pae ʻāina e ka lā a pale ʻia mai ka makani. Hāʻawi ʻia ka makemake i ka lepo chernozem a i ʻole ka loam māmā. Kanu nā lāʻau i kahi mamao o 4-6 mika mai kēlā me kēia. He kūlana kiʻekiʻe kona i nā maʻi, akā hiki ke hōʻino ʻia e phylloxera.
He pono ia e mālama i nā lāʻau i nā manawa ʻelua i ke kau me ka phytosporin.
Madeleine
Pili ʻo Madeleine i nā hua waina mākua mua. Nā hua berena, momona, ʻono me ka ʻala nutmeg, melemele. Loaʻa iā 1-2 mau hua, ʻo ke kō i nā hua mai 19 a 21%. ʻO kahi palaki liʻiliʻi me ka nui waena, kaupaona mai 230 a 270 gram.
Kuhi ʻia kēia ʻano e nā hua kiʻekiʻe. Eia nō naʻe, maʻalahi nā hua i ka haʻihaʻi a me ka pala. Kanu ma kahi mamao o 1.5 mau mika mai kēlā me kēia. ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā lālani ma kahi o 2 mau mika. ʻAʻole kūʻokoʻa ke ʻano i nā maʻi, koi koi ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau mai nā pest a me nā maʻi.
Ke kaulana nei nā ʻano hua waina ʻo Muscat ʻaʻole wale ma Crimea wale nō. Mahiai maikaʻi ʻia lākou i nā wahi ʻē aʻe pū kekahi. Inā ʻoe e mālama i nā lula kanu a me ka mālama kūpono, hiki iā ʻoe ke leʻaleʻa i ka ʻono kupaianaha o nā hua hou a he kīʻaha o ka waina nutmeg onaona.