I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hana ʻana i nā champignons a me nā ʻulā ʻōhiʻa he ʻoihana nui a maikaʻi loa ia. Loaʻa kahi huahana maikaʻi mai kahi moʻomeheu kiʻekiʻe a maʻemaʻe hoʻi o ka mycelium, a inā makemake ʻia, hiki ke ulu ma ka home. ʻO ka ʻike kikoʻī i hōʻike ʻia i loko o ka ʻatikala pane i nā nīnau o ka mycelium a pehea e mahi pono ai.
He aha ka mycelium mushroom a me kāna mau hiʻohiʻona hana
ʻO Mycelium a i ʻole kona inoa ʻē aʻe, ka mycelium - ke kino vegetative o fungi (thallus) - kahi ʻōnaehana o nā filament lālā maikaʻi a i ʻole hyphae. Māhele ʻia ʻo Thallus i ʻelua ʻano:
- mea ʻūmiʻihoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻopili i kahi substrate a lawe i nā meaʻai a me ka wai;
- eake hana nei i nā lālā o ka hana kope ma luna o ka ʻili o ka substrate.
ʻO ka pūnaewele o hyphae, e hana ana i ka thallus, ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi hiki ke pālahalaha ma kahi mamao. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kēlā mau plexus i ka lepo me ka maka ʻōlohelohe, like me ka pua keokeo e pua.
Hana ka mycelium i kekahi mau hana nui:
- paipai hoʻopili o nā meaola i nā substrates nutrient;
- me ke kōkua o nā enzymes, hana ia i cellulose, e loaʻa mai ana nā mea i loaʻa no ka ulu a me ke kūkulu ʻana;
- loaʻa ka hana hoʻololi i ke kaiapuni;
- komo i ka sporulation a he kuleana no ka mālama ʻana i nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa hopena.
He mea nui ka mycelium, a he mea hoʻohui i ka lawe a me ka hana pono, ʻo ia ke kuleana no ka hoʻohua vegetative o nā meaola.
Nā ʻano myceliums a pehea ke ʻano o lākou
Aia he 7 ʻano o ke kino vegetative:
- Kiʻiʻoniʻoni, me nā kukui, i ulana paʻa ʻia i ka hyphae o nā nui like ʻole. ʻO ka hana nui e hoʻopili i ka substrate a loaʻa nā meaʻai mai ka cellulose.
- ʻO Shnurovoy, hana ʻia ma muli o ka accretion o hyphae a he kuleana no ka hoʻopili a hoʻolaha ʻana o nā fungi ma muli o ka lālā ikaika.
- Rhizomorphs he ulana like me nā kaula o nā ʻāpana o nā kala like ʻole, kahi e hoʻoholo ai i ke kūpaʻa ʻana o nā meaola i nā kūlana pōʻino o ke kaiapuni.
- Rhizoctonia, ʻo ia hoʻi nā hōʻiliʻili lahilahi a me ka lewa o ka hyphae a me ka lawelawe ʻana no ka hoʻopili a hoʻolaha ʻana o nā meaola.
- Sclerotia i hana ʻia e nā kaula i ulana paʻa a lala nui ʻia. E like me nā rhizomorphs, kōkua ia i ka hoʻomanawanui i nā kūlana ola kolohe.
- Stroma hana ʻia i nā wahi o ka launa pū ʻana me nā kiko o ka mea kanu hoʻokipa, hoʻopili paʻa ʻia me ia, a ua manaʻo ʻia e mālama i nā spores fungal.
- Kino hua ʻo ia kahi o ka hoʻokumu a me ke ʻano ʻana o nā spores fungal.
No laila, he ʻano kū hoʻokahi ka mycelium e pili ana i ka mahele ʻana, ka hānai ʻana a me ka hana hou ʻana i nā fungi.
No ke aha e loaʻa ai ka mycelium
ʻO ke kumu nui o ka mahi ʻana o thallus e ʻohi ʻana i nā hua ʻai... I ka manawa e ʻike ka poʻe i ka hana ʻana o nā pūʻulu hyphae i ka hana o ka hana hou ʻana, hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻohana i nā ʻāpana o nā lau nahele hihiu no ka hoʻoulu ʻana iā lākou ma ka home. Akā ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia kahi huahana i kahi hua kiʻekiʻe.
I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia e mahi i nā hua mushroom maʻemaʻe e hoʻonui i kā lākou hua a me ka hoʻomau. I ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19 ma Palani ua hiki ke kiʻi ʻia i kahi moʻomeheu mushroom, ulu ʻia ma kahi substrate sterile kūikawā.
Ua hōʻike ka mycelium ulu i nā ʻano ulu maikaʻi loa. Ke hoʻohana nei i ka ʻenehana o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka thallus i loko o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua, ua hiki ke hiki ke hana i nā lau i mahi ʻia ma kahi pālākiʻoihana.
Pehea e loaʻa ai ka mycelium maikaʻi
Ma mua o kou hoʻomaka ʻana i ka mahi ʻana i nā momi, pono ʻoe e ʻike i kahi e loaʻa ai ka mycelium. Loaʻa ka mycelium kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe loa i nā hale hana... Hiki ke kūʻai ʻia i kēlā huahana i nā hale kūʻai kūikawā me nā loiloi maikaʻi.
Inā makemake ʻia, hiki ke ulu i ka mycelium ma kou home ponoʻī, me ka hoʻomākaukau pono ʻana i ka mea substrate, e hōʻoia ana i nā kūlana ʻoluʻolu a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Hiki nō ke hoʻokō i kēia manaʻo.
ʻO ke koi nui no ka mahi ʻana i ka momona ma ka home ka mālama ʻana i nā kūlana wela, nā kukui a me ka maʻemaʻe.
ʻO ke kiʻi ʻana i ka mycelium me kou mau lima ponoʻī he ala kūpono ia no nā mea ulu holomua novice, no ka mea he mea hiki ke hoʻāʻo i ke ʻano ma kahi pūʻulu liʻiliʻi a me ka uku ʻole.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻenehana ulu
ʻO ka ʻenehana o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka mycelium no ke kumu o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā champignons, nā ʻalike ʻōhiu, nā agaric meli e pili ana i ka hoʻokō ʻana o nā kaʻina hana.
ʻO ka ʻenehana mua no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi moʻomeheu maʻemaʻe mai nā spamp champignon hoʻohana mau ʻia no ka mahi ʻana i ka mycelium kiʻekiʻe, i kapa ʻia he uterine. ʻAe kēia hana iā ʻoe e ulu i nā mea kanu maʻemaʻe a ikaika e hāʻawi i nā hua maikaʻi a loaʻa i nā ʻano maikaʻi loa.
ʻO ka hana nui o ka mea ulu mushroom i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka thallus uterine ʻo ia mālama i nā kūlana aseptic, i ʻole e hoʻopili i ka moʻomeheu me nā microorganism e kū nei i ke kaiapuni. ʻO ke kūlike me kēia lula e hōʻoia i kahi huahana maikaʻi me ka ʻono maikaʻi loa.
Kanu ʻia nā spore makua a i ʻole ʻāpana o ke kino hua ma luna o kahi substrate, kahi medium nutrient medium wort agar, ʻoka a i ʻole agar carrot.
Hoʻomākaukau ka pāpāho i nā paipu hoʻāʻo, a ma hope o ka paʻa ʻana, hoʻolauna ʻia ka moʻomeheu me kahi mea kani manuahi, a he uea a kui kuikui paha me kahi loop ma ka hopena. E mālama i ka sterility, hana ʻia nā manipula āpau ma luna o ke ahi.
Hoʻopili ʻia nā paipu me kahi pani oki-gauze sterile a mālama ʻia i ka mahana mau ma kahi o 24 kekelē ma waena o 2 mau pule a hiki i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o kahi mycelium piha. Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka moʻomeheu waihona i nā paipu hoʻāʻo no ka manawa lōʻihi ma kahi mahana 1-2 kekelē me ka reseeding manawa (hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki) e mālama i nā waiwai maikaʻi o ka mycelium.
ʻO ka hopena aʻe ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hua mai ka compost a i ʻole mycelium palaoa. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka compost kiʻekiʻe loa mai nā ʻano aʻe:
- manure, ʻoi aku ka lio a me ka bipi paha;
- mauʻu;
- gypsum;
- he ʻāpana kapo;
- urea;
- superphosphate;
- palaoa alabata.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he substrate compost mākaukau... Hoʻokomo ʻia ia i loko o nā kini ʻekolu lita no 2/3 o ka leo, hana ʻia kahi kaumaha ma waenakonu, ʻolokaʻa ʻia nā kini me kahi poʻi metala me kahi puka 2-3 knm ma waenakonu. Hoʻopili ʻia ka lua me kahi paʻa pulupulu a me nā ipu i sterilized.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana aseptic, kanu ʻia ka mycelium uterine i kahi kaumaha i loko o ka compost ma o kahi puka o ka poʻi, a ua pani hou ʻia ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kaʻina hana. Lawe ʻia ka mahi ʻana o ka hua mycelium ma ke ʻano like me ka makuahine.
No ka ulu ʻana i nā momoma ma ka home, maʻalahi ia e kiʻi mycelium palaoa... No kēia, he mea nui e hoʻomākaukau pono i ka palaoa:
- E hoʻolapalapa i ka palaoa i loko o ka wai i ka lakio o 1: 1.5 no 30-60 mau minuke a hoʻomaʻalili.
- Hoʻomaloʻo i ka palaoa a waiho i loko o nā hue a i ʻole mau ʻeke polypropylene, piha i ka hapalua.
- Sterilize i nā mea i hoʻomākaukau ʻia.
- E lūlū i ka mycelium, e like me ka compost.
ʻO kahi moʻomeheu maʻemaʻe ka hiʻohiʻona o kahi pua keʻokeʻo e pua me ka ʻole o nā kiko ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻeleʻele paha. Hoʻohana ʻia ka lūlū mycelium i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ulu i ka ʻohi o nā lau i nā substrates.
Pono ka hana ʻana i ka mycelium maikaʻi i kekahi mākau a me ka hoʻomākaukau pono ʻana i nā kūlana. No laila, ma mua o kou iho i lalo i ka ʻoihana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e ulu i kahi liʻiliʻi o nā mea kanu a ʻohi i ka hua mua. E lilo ka ʻike i mea maikaʻi loa a e ʻae iā ʻoe e loiloi i nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā maikaʻi ʻole o kahi papahana ulu ulu.