Ke ulu nei i nā tōmato ma kahi pāʻoihana, he mea nui e kūpono ke ʻano no ka ʻohi ʻana o ka mīkini. ʻO kekahi o kēia ka Rio Grande. He ʻano nui nā keu Tomato i mahalo ʻia i waena o nā kamaʻāina o ke kauwela a me nā mea nona nā hale o ka ʻāina.
ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā ʻano o ke kōmato ʻo Rio Grande
E hoʻomaka kākou me kahi wehewehe. ʻO ka mea kanu o ka determinant type me kahi manawa kanu o 110-120 mau lā e ʻike ʻia e ke kūpaʻa koʻikoʻi a me ka hoʻohana ākea o nā hua. ʻAʻole kiʻekiʻe ka kiʻekiʻe o ka laʻalāʻau ma mua o 70 cm, no laila ʻaʻole hāʻawi ka ʻenehana mahiʻai no kahi garter. ʻAʻole pono kahi piniki i kahi kōmato kuʻikuʻi me ka nui o nā lau.
Ke hoʻomau nei ka manawa hua i loko o ke kau kau. ʻO ka hua i ke ʻano o ka kalima i ka manawa o ke ʻano ʻenehana i loaʻa ke kaupaona mai 70 a 150 gram... ʻO ka ʻiʻo o kahi waihoʻoluʻu ʻulaʻula nani kahi ʻano paʻa, kahi e kūpono ai ka mea kanu no ka hoʻomaloʻo a hoʻomaloʻo ʻana. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka mea kanu e hana i nā sausa a me nā ketchup. ʻO ka ʻono momona me kahi ʻawaʻawa iki e mahalo ʻia e nā loea culinary mai nā ʻāina he nui o ka honua.
ʻO ka hana ʻokoʻa ka hana a nā mea hoʻohua Dutch. Hoʻolako ʻia ka mea kanu no ka mahi ʻana ma ka honua ākea a ma lalo o ka uhi (i nā greenhouse a me nā greenhouse). ʻO ka hua ma kēlā me kēia laʻalāʻau he 4.5-5.8 kg.
Nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā maikaʻi ʻole o ka ʻano
I mea e hoʻokumu ai i kahi manaʻo e pili ana i ka laulā ʻo Rio Grande, pono e noʻonoʻo i kāna mau hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi. Ma waena o nā mea nui:
- mālama unpretentious (ʻaʻohe pono no ka garter a me ka pinching);
- hoʻoliʻiliʻi maikaʻi i nā hiʻohiʻona aniau paʻakikī o ka ʻāina, nā wā maikaʻi ʻole;
- ikaika palekana e pale aku ai i nā maʻi fungal a me nā mea hoʻomaʻi;
- ʻono leʻaleʻa;
- versatility o ka hua;
- wā hua ma loko o ke kauwela;
- ke ola lōʻihi o ka hua, lawe maikaʻi.
ʻAʻohe o drawbacks o ka ʻōmato, ʻoiai ʻo kekahi mau māla e hoʻomaopopo i ka momona liʻiliʻi. ʻO kēia kumu ma muli o ke ʻano paʻa o ka pulp, i mahalo ʻia i ka hana ʻana o ka ketchup a me nā sausa.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻomākaukau lepo no ke kanu ʻana i nā ʻanoʻano
Koho ʻia ka lepo me kahi ʻano māmā, momona (kahi substrate ākea āpau a i ʻole ka huikau o ka ʻāina sod me humus kūpono). Ma mua o ka lūlū ʻana, hoʻomehana ʻia ka lepo i ka umu a i hoʻoinu ʻia paha me kahi waiwaliwali o ka pāhare potassium no ka disinfection.
Ke kanu ʻana i nā ʻanoʻano ma ka honua ākea, hoʻomākaukau ka moena māla i ka hāʻule, ʻeli ʻana a hoʻonui i ka humus. I ka puna, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea momona mineral e hoʻonui i ka lepo me nā mea pono e pono ai... Hana ʻia nā puka ma lalo o nā hua ma kahi mamao o 40 knm. Ma nā lihi o nā moena, hoʻonoho ʻia nā papa mai nā papa, me ke kōkua o ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ma ke ʻano he puʻuhonua. Ma hope o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o 2 mau pā lau, hoʻoili ʻia nā mea kanu i nā lua kaawale.
Pehea e koho ai i nā hua kūpono no ke kanu ʻana?
Paipai ʻia nā ʻanoʻano e kūʻai ʻia i nā hale kūʻai kūikawā. Hōʻaia kēia i ka hana piha o nā mea, kūpaʻa i nā maʻi a me nā pest.
ʻAʻole pono e hoʻokō i ka disinfection a me ka pulu ʻana i ka home i mea e hoʻoulu ai i ka ulu.
Ke koho ʻana i nā lūlū, pono ʻoe e heluhelu mua i ka ʻike ma ka lepili, e hōʻike ana i nā lula maʻamau o ka ʻenehana mahiʻai, ka lā pau a me nā ʻōlelo paipai ʻē aʻe. Ma hope o ka hemo ʻana o nā hua pala mai ka pōpō ʻana, pono e koho ʻia nā huaʻai olakino a nui. Inā loaʻa nā liona, hana ʻia ka culling.
Lula lūlū
Ke hoʻohana nei i ke ʻano seedling, hoʻolālā ʻia no ka lūlū ʻana i ka mua a i waena o Malaki (60 mau lā ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu i ka māla).
No ka lepo, e hoʻohana i nā pahu a pahu pahu paha ma kahi o 10 cm ka hohonu. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā kīʻaha a me nā ipu hao. Pono e loaʻa i ka lalo o nā ipu nā puka kahe e hoʻokuʻu i ka nui o ka wai i ka wā e hoʻoinu ai.
Ma ka papa o ka lepo, hana ʻia nā indentations liʻiliʻi me ka manamana lima (ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 cm) me kahi manawa o 4-6 cm. Kau ʻia nā ʻanoʻano 2 i kēlā me kēia lua. Mai luna mai ua uhi ʻia lākou me kahi papa liʻiliʻi o ka peat.
No ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā kūlana kūpono no ka germination ʻana o ka hua, pono ʻoe e kāpīpī i nā mea kanu me ka wai mehana (i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa), a uhi i ka ipu me ke aniani a i ʻole ka pepa. ʻO ke kaʻina hana mahana ma mua o ka germination he 23-25 °. Ke ʻike ʻia nā lūlū, kau ʻia ka ipu ma kahi mālamalama maikaʻi, hemo ka hale, a hoʻemi ʻia ka mahana i 18-20 °. I ʻole e kīloi ka ʻōpuʻu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke anakuhi pō i 16 °.
Me ka lawa ʻole o ka malamalama, ʻaʻole e ulu maʻamau nā mea kanu, no laila pono ʻoe e hoʻouka i nā kukui hou (kukui uila) ma luna aʻe o kahi moe moe.
Ma hope o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o 2 mau lau ma luna o ka sprouts, pono e luʻu i nā lūlū, ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻohele i kēlā me kēia aʻa i loko o kahi pahu kaʻawale. 7-10 mau lā ma mua o ka hoʻoili ʻia ʻana o nā mea kanu i ka māla, hana ʻia kahi hana ʻoʻoleʻa no ka hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻana i kahi wahi hou.
Ke kuʻi o waho
Lawe ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā lūlū i ka hale kōmahana mai ka waena o ʻApelila a 10 Mei. Kanu ʻia nā ʻōpio i ka ʻāina ākea mai ka lā 20 o Mei a i waena o Iune. Ma nā wahi hema o ka ʻāina, hoʻomaʻamaʻa pololei ʻia ka lūlū ʻana i ka ʻāina ākea.
Manaʻo ʻia nā mea kanu ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka nui o nā ʻano Rio Grande: nā mea kanu, nā legume, ke kāpena, nā lettuce.
Kūkulu ʻia nā ʻōmato i nā lālani me kahi manawa o 35-45 knm a i ʻole i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻāpana kūlike e like me kahi hoʻolālā 40x50 cm. ʻO ka hohonu o nā lua he 10-15 cm. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 6 mau pua i kau ʻia no 1 m2. Hoʻohui mua ʻia kahi hui ʻana o ka peat, lehu wahie a me ka humus i loko o ka hoʻomaha, a laila, hoʻokomo ʻia ke kī.
Mālama post-transplant
Maʻalahi loa ka mālama ʻana i ka tumato ʻo Rio Grande, ʻoiai ʻo ka māla ʻike ʻike ʻole hiki ke ulu a lawe i kahi ʻohi maikaʻi. ʻO nā lula maʻamau o ka ʻenehana mahiʻai i nā ʻāpana aʻe.
Hoʻohinu
Mai hoʻonui i ka lepo i ka wā e ulu ana nā tōmato, hiki i kēia ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka ulu ʻana o nā maʻi fungal. Ua lawa ia e hoʻoinu i hoʻokahi manawa i ka pule ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu. Hoʻonui wale ka maʻamau me ka maloʻo. ʻO ka helu o ka wai i kēlā me kēia ulu lāʻau ma ka liʻiliʻi 5 liters. He mea pono ʻaʻole e hoʻopiha i nā lau i ka wā o kaʻau wai iʻole e melemele.
Weeding a hoʻokuʻu
ʻO ke kōmato ʻo Rio Grande makemake ia i ka lepo lepo, no laila pono e hoʻokō pinepine ʻia ka aeration (hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 10-15 mau lā). I ka manawa like me ka wehe ʻana, pau ka nāhelehele, e hemo ana i nā moena o nā nāhelehele. ʻO ka hohonu o ka hohonu o ka mea kani ma ka liʻiliʻi 5-7 cm.
Kūkulu nā māla ʻike, ma hope o ka nāhelehele ʻelua a ʻelua paha, e spud i nā nāhelehele e hoʻonui i nā hua.
Nā ʻaʻahu kiʻekiʻe
Ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i nā wana i kahi moena hāmama, lawe ʻia ka hānai maʻamau:
- no ka manawa mua hānai ʻia ka lepo me kahi hopena o mullein (1: 5) a i ʻole nā lepo manu (1:15);
- hoʻolauna ʻia ka meaʻai kōkua lua i 2 mau pule ma hope (no kahi bākeke o ka wai 25 g. ammonium nitrate, 15 g. potassium paʻakai, 60 g. superphosphate a me 1 g. boric acid);
- hoʻohui ʻia ka ʻekolu o ka meaʻai i loko o ʻelua mau pule (30 mau kolamu o ka nitrate, 70 mau paʻakai o ka pāhare potassium, 40 mau kalama o superphosphate e hemo i 10 liters o ka wai).
ʻO nā meaʻai kōkua hope aʻe kahi o kahi hopena o ka lehu lāʻau (no 10 liters o ka wai 200 gr. ʻAsh).
Kapu i ka māla
I ka manawa koke ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i nā lūlū, ua palu ʻia ka moena māla. E kōkua kēia i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ma ka lepo me ka ʻole o ka hoʻoinu pinepine a hoʻēmi i ka nāhelehele.
Hewa mālama
Hana nā māla he nui i nā hewa henehene i ka ʻenehana mahiʻai i hiki ke hoʻohuli maikaʻi ʻole i nā hua. Ma waena o nā mea nui:
- overfeeding me nā mea hoʻomomona (i loko o kekahi naikokene), i entails ulu nui o nā piko;
- ka mānoanoa o nā moena, hoʻonāukiuki i ka ulu ʻana o ka fungus.
- keʻoki ʻana i nā wana i mea e hana ai i kahi nahele (ʻaʻole pono ka ʻokoʻa i kahi kaʻina hana, ma muli o nā lālā ʻoki, hoʻoliʻiliʻi ka hua);
- ke kanu ʻana i nā ʻōmato ma kahi kokoke me nā pī a i ʻole nā uala (ʻaʻole kūpono nā mea kanu).
Nā maʻi a me kā lākou pale ʻana
ʻAe ka pale ikaika i nā ʻano like ʻole e pale aku i nā maʻi a me nā mea nui, akā ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo e nalo ka pono o ka pale ʻana. Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka mahi ʻana i ka hale kōmaʻomaʻo, a laila kūpono ia e hoʻololi i ka lepo i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka hopena o ke kau (he wehe i kahi 25-30 cm ma ka liʻiliʻi). Pono ʻoe e hoʻolako i ka ea maikaʻi i ka ulu ʻana i nā tōmato.
Hoʻomaʻu ʻia nā moena ākea me ka wai paila a i ʻole kahi hopena o ka pāhare potassium o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma mua o ke kanu ʻana... Ma hope o ke kāpili ʻana, mālama pinepine ʻia nā lūlū me nā huahana biological (e laʻa me Fitosporin) a i ʻole nā lāhui kanaka i mea e pale aku ai i nā maʻi fungal a i ʻole nā mea ʻino.
ʻO nā maʻi aʻe ka mea hoʻoweliweli nui loa i nā tōmato:
- lohi ke ahulau;
- hina a keʻokeʻo pala;
- virus mosaic.
Hoʻopiʻi pinepine ka fungi a me ka maʻi i nā mea kanu nāwaliwali, no laila ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e nānā ʻole i ka papa kuhikuhi no ka hoʻolauna ʻana o ka momona, a ʻoi aku ka nui me ka nui o ka momona.
Ma waena o nā mea ʻino weliweli ʻo:
- bea;
- ʻAlā ʻo Colorado;
- slug;
- aphid
No nā kumu pale, pono pono e hemo pono i nā ʻōpala o nā mea kanu mai nā moena i ka hāʻule. I loko o ia mea, ʻae pono nā larva a me nā mākua o nā insect i ke anuanu hoʻoilo. Ma mua o nā hau hau mua, pono e ʻeli ʻia ka honua e wehe i nā pūnana o nā mea ʻino... E hoʻopau kēia i ka hapa nui o nā parasites. I ka pūnāwai, i nā alaloa, pono ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu e kipaku ai i ka nui o nā mea kolo: marigolds, marigolds, oregano, a pēlā aku inā pono, ma mua o ka wā pua, pono e mālama ʻia nā lāʻau insecticides.
Maʻalahi loa ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano ʻo Rio Grande, hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi i kekahi mau kūlana, kahi kōkua maikaʻi i ka ʻenehana mahiʻai. Inā hana iki ʻoe i ka hana, e mahalo nō ka mea kanu i ka mea nona ka hana me ka ʻohiʻohi manawaleʻa ʻana.