ʻO ka homeland moʻolelo o nā tōmato ʻo Latin America. Ke koi nei ka mea kanu ma ka pae genetika i ka ʻōlelo no ka mahana a me nā kūlana māmā. Hiki i nā hau hoʻihoʻi i ka Central Region a me Belarus a hiki i ka hopena o Mei. Aia a hiki i ka awelika o nā mahana i luna ma luna o + 10 kekelē, makemake nui ʻia e kanu i nā mea kanu ʻōmato ma ka honua ākea.
Nā huaʻōlelo no ke kanu ʻana i nā tōmato ma ka ʻāina ākea ma Belarus a me ka Kuban
No kēlā mau ʻāpana i ʻokoʻa i ke aniau a me ke aupuni māmā e like me Belarus a me Kuban, ʻokoʻa ka ʻenehana mahiʻai o nā ʻōmato. ʻAʻohe kumu o ka ulu ʻana i nā lūlū no nā ʻōmato i ka Kuban - maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi e lūlū pololei i nā hua i ka lepo, a hiki i ka nalowale ʻana o ka lepo i nā koena o ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo.
ʻO ka mea koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole loaʻa ka manawa o ka ulu kōmato e ulu a hoʻihoʻi i ka hua i ke kauwela pōkole o Belarus. Hoʻokahi wale nō ala i waho - ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana mahiʻai me ke ʻano seedling o ka ulu ʻana i nā tōmato ma ka ʻāina ākea.
I ka hapa lua o Mei - Iune mua, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi mahana e ʻoluʻolu ai no ka ulu ʻana o nā tumato. Hāʻawi ʻia i nā ʻano o ke aniau, pono e kanu i nā mea kanu e hoʻohana ana i nā hale kiʻi ʻoniʻoni māmā.
- Pale i ka hihia o ka hau - kū i ke kulu wā pōkole i -2 kekelē.
- ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke aʻa o nā mea kanu i kanu ʻia ma lalo o ka uhi - ʻaʻohe pono no ka hoʻoinu pinepine a me ka wehe ʻana.
- Kūpono no nā poʻe noho kauwela o ka hopena pule - 4-5 mau lā hana, ʻaʻole pono ka poʻe lūlū i ka nānā.
ʻO ka wela o ke kauwela a me nā hoʻoilo mālie - ʻo kēia ke ʻano o ke aniau o ke Teritori Krasnodar. ʻO kahi hōʻiliʻili piha o nā ʻōmato i ka Kuban hiki ke loaʻa i kahi ʻano hua ʻole.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka pae ʻana i Kuban:
- Mai nā lā mua o ka ulu ʻana, hana ka seedling i kahi aʻa aʻa ikaika.
- ʻAʻole pono nā mea kanu i ka acclimatization ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, no kēia mea ʻoi aku ko lākou olakino.
- ʻAʻohe kumu kūʻai seedling.
Nā ʻano i hiki ke kanu
Hāʻawi wale nā ʻano zoned i ka hua mai ka māla i haʻi ʻia e nā mea hoʻohua. Hoʻololi nui ʻia lākou i nā mea pilikino o ke aniau kūloko.
E wehe i nā ʻōmato kahua no Belarus
No ka lepo pale ʻole i nā ʻano kau wela ʻole a pōkole hoʻi, kūpono loa nā ʻano zoned
- ka ulu mua ʻana - "Loaʻa", "Talalikhin", "Hoʻopiha keʻokeʻo", etc.
- kau waena - "Ruzha", "Peremoga", "Maikaʻi".
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka Belarusian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing e ko lākou kūpaʻa ʻana i nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole o ka manawa - maʻalahi lākou i nā maʻi fungus.
Vilina
Hāʻawi kahi hua hybrid pala i ka hua i loko o 25-45 mau lā. Hāʻawi kahi ulu waena i ka awelika o 2.5-3.0 kg o nā hua āpau e kau ana 80-100 g o ka ʻono maikaʻi loa. Kūʻē nui kēia ʻano iā Alternaria a me Septoria.
Kalinka
Hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻano i nā kūlana o Belarus me kahi hua launa like ʻole. Hāpai kahi ulu waena i 2.5-3.0 kg o nā hua liʻiliʻi, ʻono loa me kahi ʻili lahilahi e kaupaona ana he 60-70 g. Kūpaʻa mau kēia mau ʻōmato i ka hopena o ke ahi a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe.
Rouge
Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ke ʻano waena waena i ka papa inoa ma 1994. ʻO kahi ululāʻau, waena o 50-60 cm me nā lau nahele e hāʻawi iā 2.5-3.0 kg o nā ʻōmato ʻulaʻula me ka awelika o ke kaupaona a hiki i 100 g.
Ma lalo o ka uhi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a i nā hale kōmahana, piʻi ka hua i 8 kg.
Kūpaʻa i ka hopena o ke ahi a me nā maʻi fungus.
No Kuban
ʻO nā ʻano no ka Teritori Krasnodar a me Donetsk ʻĀina e pono ke pale i ka maloʻo a hoʻololi ʻia i nā mahana wela kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā ʻano me nā lau nahele uliuli, kahi e uhi ai i nā hua mai nā kukuna o ka lā e ʻā ana, maikaʻi maikaʻi.
Aswon F1
Hoʻohālikelike i nā ʻano kōmato no ka ʻoihana a me ka mahi ʻana i ka home e ka hana non-seedling. ʻO kahi ʻano hua nui loa no ke kanu ʻana i nā hua piha. Mai ka nahele 1 hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i 10 kg o nā ʻōmato ke kaupaona ʻana 60-70 gram.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona ʻaʻole e haki nā hua i ka hana ʻana a mālama i kā lākou hōʻike i ka panakō. ʻO ka mea maikaʻi ʻole wale nō ka ʻohiʻohi i hōʻike ʻia hiki ke loaʻa wale ma ka lepo momona loa: kūpono, kahi hui o humus a me ke one.
Makana o ke Kuban
ʻO ke kōmato kaulike waena i 0.7 m me nā lau lau nui. ʻO 110-115 mau lā ka wā ulu. ʻO ke kōmato a puni ʻōmato e kuhikuhi iki i ka lalo. ʻO ka loaʻa awelika - a i 5 kg i kēlā me kēia laʻalāʻau. ʻO nā hua o ke kumu ākea e kaupaona ana he 100-120 gram he ʻono a momona... Kūpale ka laulā i ka ʻāha a me ka popopo kiʻekiʻe.
Huahana hou o ka Kuban
Ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi ʻano waena ʻoi loa ultra determinant no ka ʻohi ʻana a me ka hana ʻana me ka mīkini. Ka helu ʻai hua - 4.7 mau helu. No nā poʻe noho kauwela, maʻalahi ka ʻano i nā mea e koi ʻole ai i ka mālama ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻaʻole huʻi a paʻa paʻa nā hua momona. ʻOhi ʻia nā ʻōmato ma kahi o 100 gram i kahi palaki (3 pcs.) E hāʻawi i 1 sq. mika a i 7 kg o nā hua.
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka laʻalāʻau he 20-40 cm wale nō, ʻo ka manawa e ulu ana he 140-150 mau lā, a hiki i ka hau i ka hopena o Kepakemapa - hoʻomaka ʻOkakopa.
Inā kanu ʻia he 3 o kēia mau ʻano ma kahi papa pilikino, hāʻawi ʻia kahi mea lawe mau o nā tōmato hou no ke kau holoʻokoʻa.
E lūlū hua ʻana no nā mea kanu
Mākaukau nā pua ʻōmato no ke kanu ʻana i ka ʻāina ākea, ke hana ʻia he 3-4 mau hui lau maoli. Hana pinepine kēia i 50-55 mau lā ma hope o ka lūlū ʻana i nā hua. Hiki iā ʻoe ke lūlū hua no nā lūlū i ke ala maʻamau, kaukaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano a me nā wahi, koho ʻia ka manawa.
Ke hoʻomākaukau nei i nā moena
No ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā ʻōmato i ke ākea, pono e hoʻomākaukau i nā moena i mua, ʻoi aku i ka hāʻule. ʻAʻole wale kēia e mālama ai i ka manawa i ka puna. Nutrient-waiwai pono e kūkulu i ka lepo: hoʻolauna ʻia nā mea i loko o ka lepo - e māhele like ʻia a e nā ikaika o nā koʻohune lepo e hoʻololi i kahi ʻano i hiki i nā tumato.
No kaʻeliʻana i ka hāʻule, lawe lākou i 1 sq. m moena
Kūlohelohe | ● 5-7 kg (1 bākeke) o humus a i ʻole compost; ● 0.5 l kini lehu lāʻau. |
Minelala | ● 80-100 g o nitroammofoska (hoʻonui ʻia ka mahele lāʻau - e hele ka hapa nui o ia mea i ka lepo me ka wai hoʻoheheʻe) |
Hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi ʻole ʻia nā mea kanu mineral phosphate i ka wai - hoʻopili ʻia lākou i ka lepo i ka hoʻoilo wale nō. Inā hoʻohui ʻia nā pellets i ka puna, hiki i nā mea momona undissolved ke puhi i nā aʻa.
Hiki ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā moena me kahi aa. Pono e hana i kēia ma mua - ma ka liʻiliʻi 2 mau wiki ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i nā lūlū.
Ke ulu ulu ʻana
Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i nā lūlū i ka lepo, hana ʻia ka hānai i 7-10 mau lā, pono e hoʻohui i nā mea kanu paʻakikī i nā mea kanu ʻōpio. Māmā e hoʻomākaukau ʻo ka hopena kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻaʻahu "Kemira" a i ʻole "Haku" kūikawā no nā mea kanu. He maʻalahi loa ia e hoʻomākaukau iā lākou: e like me nā ʻōkuhi, he 5 mau huna momona (1 teaspoon) e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i 2 liters o ka wai.
Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i ka honua ākea, pono e aʻo ʻia nā mea kanu e kuhikuhi i ka mālamalama a me ka ea ākea - paʻakikī. No kahi hana paʻakikī, lawe ʻia nā pahu seedling me nā ʻōmato i ke alanui ma mua no nā hola he 0.5 a hoʻonui iki i ka manawa i 2 mau hola.
Papa hana pae
ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā nahele e pili ana i ka nui o nā mea kanu ponoʻī. Ma ka māla māla, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokomo ʻana o nā ʻōmato i nā lālani pālua me kahi ʻaoʻao kūkulu ʻākau-hema. No nā kūlana aniani o Belarus, he nui nā maikaʻi o kēia wahi.
- Ulu maikaʻi nā ʻano waena (mai 50 knm) ma nā kākoʻo. ʻAe nā lālani ʻelua iā ʻoe e hoʻoponopono i nā ululāʻau i kahi trellis a i ʻole ka uea maʻamau.
- Mālamalama like nā ʻōmato ma loko o ka lā a he ea maikaʻi. ʻO kēia ka pale maikaʻi loa o nā maʻi fungus.
- Inā pono, hiki ke pale maʻalahi ʻia ka lālani pālua me kahi uhi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni māmā ma nā arcs.
- ʻO nā ʻōmato āpau i ka nānā - he maʻalahi ke mālama i ka māla a me ka hōʻiliʻili.
ʻO ka mahi ʻana o nā ʻōmato ma Belarus a ma ka Kuban ʻokoʻa ʻaʻole wale ma ke ʻano (seedling a seedless), akā i ka mānoanoa o ke kanu ʻana o nā mea kanu i ka ʻāina ākea.
Belarusa | ʻO nā kauwela kauwela a ʻūlū hoʻi | Hoʻonohonoho manuahi i ka māla no ka ea a me ke kukui maikaʻi aʻe |
Kuban | ʻO ka lā wela a me ka ua liʻiliʻi |
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No Belarus, ʻo ka mamao kūpono loa no nā ʻano kaulike o nā tumato he 50 cm i ka lālani a 60-70 cm ma waena o nā lālani ke kanu nei ke kāʻei i nā lālua pālua. ʻO ke ala ma waena o nā lālani ma ka liʻiliʻi loa 1 m.
Nā kuhi hewa a nā māla e hana ai i ka wā e loli ai i ka lepo
ʻAʻole paʻakikī ka ulu ʻana i nā ʻōmato a hiki i nā māla novice. ʻAʻole i lilo ʻo Tomato i mau sissies kūikawā - he mea kanu paʻakikī loa kēia.
Nui nā hewa i hiki ke hōʻalo ʻia.
- ʻO ke kanu ʻana i nā lūlū i ka ʻāina ākea i ka wanaʻao.
- Ke noi nei i kahi nui o nā mea momona i ka lua. Ikaika nā mea hoʻomomona Nitrogen e loaʻa ka nui ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a ʻaʻole e hana i nā pua a me nā ovaries.
- ʻO ka hoʻoinu nui ʻana, me ka hoʻoinu ʻana ma luna o nā lau, ka mea e hiki ai ke alakaʻi ʻia i kahi maʻi ahulau.
- ʻO ka mānoanoa o nā moena ma Belarus ʻaʻole ia e alakaʻi i ka piʻi o ka hua i manaʻo ʻia, akā e hoʻonāukiuki wale nō i nā maʻi.
- Ke aʻa ke aʻa, hoʻomaka i ka hana ʻana i kahi ulu lāʻau - e hoʻomaikaʻi kēia i ka ea a hoʻonui i ka pale o ka mea kanu.
- E hoʻōki i ka hoʻoinu ʻana ke loaʻa koke i nā ʻōmato ka nui o ke ʻano o ka ʻano.
ʻOkoʻa ke aniau o Belarus mai nā subtropics - ka ʻāina hānau o ka nighthade. Nā kī nui o ka kūleʻa i ka ulu ʻana i nā tōmato ma Belarus:
- e helu pono lulu lā no nā lūlū;
- kanu i nā mea kanu ʻōpio i kahi moena i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i ka manawa;
- hāʻawi i ka hōʻoluʻolu nui loa no nā mea kanu a hiki i ka ulu ʻana.
ʻO ka hoʻokō ʻana me nā lula maʻalahi e hōʻoia i ka ʻohi ʻana i nā ʻano zoned o nā ʻōmato.